Aquatic Ecosystems akapfuma mumhuka uye maruva anogona kubva kune tupukanana kusvika kune hombe dzinoyamwisa dziri mumvura yakachena uye mumakungwa nemumakungwa, zvichiremekedza hunhu hwenzvimbo kwadzinokura. Muchinyorwa chino iwe uchadzidza nezve yakasarudzika, kupatsanura, mhando uye mimwe mienzaniso. Ramba uchiverenga, uchaona kuti uchashamisika!
Aquatic Ecosystems
Zvisikwa zvemumvura zvinoumbwa nenhevedzano yezvinhu uye zvipenyu zvinodyidzana neimwe nzira inowirirana. Biotic factor ndiyo inomiririra zvidyarwa, mhuka uye tupukanana. Panyaya yeabiotics, ivo vanotaura nezvechiedza, tembiricha uye zvimwe zvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza. Kuenzana kwezvipenyu izvi kwakakosha pakugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza, kunzwisisa kuti yakawanda yepasi yakafukidzwa nemvura.
Mavari unogona kuwana maruva, zvinomera, mhuka uye zvimwe zvipenyu izvo pamwe chete zvinomiririra symbiosis huru inoitika mumvura yakachena kana yemunyu. Zvese zvipenyu zvezvipenyu izvi zvinokura zvakanyudzwa mumvura, saka zvinowana hunhu hwakanyanya zvichienderana nenharaunda yazvinoshanduka semhedzisiro yemaitiro ekugadzirisa.
Zviratidzo
Zvisikwa zvemumvura zvinoonekwa nekupa huwandu hukuru hwehupenyu nemacheni echikafu akaoma akachinjirwa kune nharaunda dzavanogara. Dzimwe mhuka dzinoita hupenyu mumhoteredzo iyi dzine midziyo yekuenda kuvhu kunozadzisa mabasa sekubereka. Pakati pazvo pane mhuka dzinorarama mumvura uye dzinokambaira mumvura. Kana iri flora, inoumbwa zvakanyanya nealgae nemakorari mune zvemakungwa nemakungwa.
Nekudaro, munzizi nemadhamu umo mvura izere nezvisikwa zvisaririra, inova nemakore, yakasviba uye mune dzimwe nguva ine yakaderera yeokisijeni, maruva nemhuka zvakagadziridzwa kune aya mamiriro anogona kuwanikwa.
Kukamurwa kweAquatic Ecosystems
Kune akasiyana siyana emumvura ecosystem kwaunogona kuwana akasiyana siyana emaruva nemhuka, akagadziridzwa zvinoenderana nekudzika, mwenje wemhando, kugadzikana kweokisijeni. Ndicho chikonzero ivo vakaiswa muzvikamu zvina zvakakura kana mapoka munyaya yezvipenyu zvegungwa, izvo zviri mukati me intertidal, kana dziri pedyo nenyika, nzvimbo idzi dzinoratidzwa nehuwandu hwekufamba uye nzira yekukukurwa. .
Ayo anowanikwa mugungwa rakashama ndeaya ane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa nehove, pano tembiricha yakakwira, sezvo isiri pakadzika dzika uye mwaranzi yezuva inokwanisa kuvakanganisa zvakananga. Kusiyana neiri pasi pegungwa, apo rima rinotonga uye naizvozvo tembiricha inowanzodzika. Iyo abyssal kana benthic zone yechikamu chayo chikamu chinosanganisira makomba uye makatsemuka.
Mavari hapana huvepo hwechiedza uye zvishoma zvakanyanya organic zvinhu, saka hupenyu hahuna kunaka. Mhuka shoma nezvinomera zvinogara imomo zvinogona kuva nemaitiro anoshamisa zvechokwadi.
Mumvura yakachena ecosystems, kupatsanurwa kwavo kuchatemwa nekufamba kwemvura, pakati pavo pane manyoro, anokonzerwa nemamwe mafashama enguva pfupi uye anokwanisa kubatanidza zvipenyu zvemvura uye zvepasi. Iyo Lentic, mukati mayo mune huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvakasikwa sezvo iri mvura yakadzikama uye nekushomeka kana kusave nekufamba pano unogona kusanganisira madziva, nyanza nemadziva. Kune rimwe divi, kune lotics, mavari mune kumwe kudyidzana pakati peecosystems uye mvura yavo iripo yakakura kufamba.
Mhando dzeAquatic Ecosystems
Zvipenyu zvemumvura zvinoda kupatsanurwa kuita mapoka makuru maviri: yegungwa nemvura yakachena. Panyaya yezvipenyu zvemugungwa kana halobic, kune makungwa nemakungwa, izvi zvinochengetwa zvakaenzana kunyangwe kuita kwevanhu uye kusvibiswa kwemazinga. Iyi inyika ichine zvakavanzika zvakawanda zvesainzi.
Mvura yakachena ecosystems kana limnobios, imusha kune huwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu zvinosanganisira mhuka nemaruva. Kuve iyo yekupedzisira iyo ine huvepo hukuru, nzizi zvakare dzine humbowo hwekugamuchira akasiyana ma microsystems, ayo anorondedzerwa se benthic, anowanikwa pazasi pehurongwa, asi apo miranzi yezuva ichine simba uye huru yavo. vanogara vari algae.
Nektonic aquatic systems inoumbwa nezvisikwa izvi zvinokwanisa kufamba pakati pemhepo, nekuzvimirira kwakakwana. Kusiyana neiyo planktonic inogara pamusoro pemvura inoyangarara mumvura, iyo inozvibvumira kutakurwa nemhepo uye inopatsanurwa kuita zooplankton, izvo zvinova zvipenyu zvekutanga zvevatengi senge protozoa, mhute uye mamwe macrustaceans, uye phytoplankton, ayo anogadzira anotakura. Kubvisa photosynthesis pakati pawo.Mamera asingaoneki akakosha chaizvo nekuti ndiwo anotanga kubatanidza chikafu chemakungwa.
Panyaya yeneustonics, ndivo vane pfuma yekugara yakayangarara pamusoro pemvura. Imwe neimwe yeaya masisitimu inogona kuiswa zvese kumakungwa uye kumvura yakachena, zvese zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nechimiro chekufamba uye mararamiro.
Flora uye Miti yeAquatic Ecosystems
Iyo maruva emumvura ecosystems akasiyana zvakanyanya. Mvura yakachena inoratidzirwa nekugamuchira marudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti. Nekuda kwehupfumi hwehupenyu hwavanahwo, kusiyana neaya enzvimbo dzemugungwa umo kuoma uye munyu unogumira kune imwe nhanho kuwanda kwezvirimwa, kune huswa hwakawanda, kureva, monocotyledonous zvirimwa zvine cylindrical, knotty uye mhango madzinde, mashizha awo anochinjana izvo. kumbundira dzinde. Maruva anounzwa ari masumbu mumaspikes.
Miti inowanikwa munzvimbo idzi inoshingirira zvakanyanya kuparara kwemamiriro ekunze. Vamwe vane midziyo yekunamatira pamatombo kuti vazvidzivirire. Vamwe vanotora mukana wokutsemuka kwematombo kana mawere kugadzira. Mukati megungwa mune mamwe marudzi ezvirimwa zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yaanogara, iyi ndiyo nyaya yePosidonia oceanica ine hunhu hwakanyanya kufanana nezvirimwa zvepanyika, ine rhizomatous dzinde nemidzi, mashizha ayo anogona kusvika mita yakakwirira. Kune chikamu chavo, phanerogams midziyo yevascular inobereka mbeu, ivo vanewo stem, mudzi, mashizha nemaruva.
Mhuka dzinogara muAquatic Habitats
Nyika yemvura ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu zvose mumvura yakachena uye mumakungwa nemakungwa. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kune zvipenyu zvakakwanisa kugadzirisa kuti zvivepo mune zvose zviri zviviri apo mvura ine brackish. Asi zvakafanana muzviitiko zvese zvitatu maitiro avo anowanzo kufanana. Pakati pavo pane zvipembenene zvisingasviki, kureva kuti, hazvina skeleton, sezvinoitwa nehozhwa, jellyfish kana anemones. Complexes anowanikwa mune ese ari maviri masisitimu uye anosanganisira echinoderms, arthropods, uye molluscs.
Ecosystem idzi inzvimbo inogara mhuka dzakakura uye dzakaoma kunzwisisa senge amphibians nehove. Idzi dzine mbiru uye kana dziri mhuka dzinorarama panyika mumvura dzine simba rokuva kunze kwenzvimbo yadzinogara, zhinji dzacho mukukura kwadzo dzinokura mapapu nemagori. Ihove inokwanisa kusvika kuhukuru hwakakura, yakadai ndiyo nyaya ye shark kana yegungwa.
zvinoyamwisa neshiri
Mumvura yakachena uye yemunyu ecosystems inzvimbo yakanaka yekugara kune dzakasiyana siyana dzezvipenyu. Kana dziri mhuka dzinoyamwisa, makungwa ari kumusha kune mahombe epamusoro vertebrates akadai secetaceans, anosanganisira whales, ma dolphin, anouraya whale, zvisimbiso, manatee uye porpoises. Munzizi mune platypus, mvuu, European otter, beaver uye rwizi dolphin.
Kune rumwe rutivi, shiri dzine kusiyana kukuru, sezvo kune marudzi akawanda anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzose dzegungwa uye munzizi, madziva nemakungwa. Vane mano ekuenderana nehupenyu munzvimbo yegungwa. Vanogona kunge vane pelagic zvakanyanya, ndiko kuti, vanogara pamvura uye vanouya pedyo nemhenderekedzo. Kana dziri shiri dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa kana dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa, zhinji dzacho dzine miromo mihombe, yakasimba yakakomberedzwa kumucheto, yakaita semashiri egungwa ne<em>albatross. Pano zvakakodzera kutaura mapenguin, idzo dzisiri shiri dzemugungwa dzinoparadzirwa dzinenge dziri kumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere uye dzimwe pachitsuwa cheGalapagos.
Mienzaniso yeAquatic Ecosystems
Kune mienzaniso mizhinji yezvipenyu zvemumvura, uye pano tinoda kuratidza mashoma. Mahombekombe, mvura idzi dzine tembiricha dzemhando yepamusoro, kusadzika zvakanyanya uye chiedza chezuva chinoita basa rayo rakanakisa. Izvi zvinovaita nzvimbo yakakwana yekugara kwemhuka dzakawanda nezvirimwa. Pano unogona kusanganisira matombo ayo ari tsime guru rehupenyu mumakungwa. Kune zvakare polar ocean, imusha kune maruva ebhakitiriya anonaka kuhove zhinji nemhuka dzemugungwa.
Zvino, semuenzaniso wezvipenyu zvemvura yakachena, mangroves anogona kupihwa zita. Izvi zvinoshanduka kuva mvura yakaoma zvikuru uye ndicho chikonzero chitarisiko chayo chakaoma, ivhu rayo rinowanzoita ivhu rine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvehupenyu. Hove diki nemhando dzeamphibians dzinogara mairi. Madziva, kune rumwe rutivi, achiri mvura uye naizvozvo inzvimbo yakanaka yekugara kune tupukanana twakawanda. Ivo zvakare vane ivhu rakaremerwa nekudya uye mvura yavo kazhinji ine makore, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekuvanda yemarudzi mazhinji.
Curious Chokwadi cheAquatic Ecosystems
Unoziva here kuti mapapu makuru epasi haazi Amazon Rainforest. Imbeu inowanikwa mugungwa, inoburitsa 75% yeoxygen yatinofema uye inotora zvikamu makumi maviri neshanu kubva muzana zvecarbon dioxide yatinoburitsa. 25% yezvipenyu zvemugungwa zvinogara mukati memakiromita makumi matanhatu emahombekombe. The Great Barrier Reef, iri muAustralia, yakakura kwazvo pasirese. Inotambanukira pamusoro pe60 km uye imusha kune nhamba huru yezvipenyu.
Iwe waiziva kuti rwizi rwakanaka kwazvo pasi rose ruri muColombia. Iyo inozivikanwa nezita rekuti Caño Cristales, mairi mune algae isingawanzo dhayi mvura yaro nemavara akafanana nemuraraungu mukuru wemumvura. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune rwizi runoshamisa rwuri muCongo, rwakadzika pasi pasi rose nepamusoro pe 220 mamita ehupamhi uye nehukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hwemhuka nemaruva.
Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Aquatic Ecosystems, tarisa vhidhiyo inotevera.Uchashamisika!
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