Tembere dzeRoma dzinokatyamadza uye dzinoyevedza zvivakwa zvezvivakwa zvinoratidza tsika dzakapfuma uye kuzvipira kwechitendero cheRoma yekare. Kubva paPodium inoyevedza kusvika kune yekushongedza frieze uye atari yezvipo, chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvetemberi yeRoma chaiva nechinangwa chaicho uye revo yakadzama yekufananidzira.
Muchinyorwa chino tichaongorora zvikamu zvetemberi yeRoma toongorora kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe chakabatsira sei kune aesthetics uye basa rechivakwa ichi muRoma yekare. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakavanzika zvekuvakwa kwetembere dzeRoma uye kudzidza zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo uye tsika yenguva ino inonakidza yenhoroondo, ndinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Tembere dzeRoma dzakanga dzakaita sei?
Tisati tanyora mativi akasiyana-siyana etemberi yeRoma, ngatitangei kuona kuti akanga akaita sei uye kuti basa rawo rakanga riri rei. Izvi zvivakwa zvinokatyamadza zvaive zvakakosha zvechitendero muRoma yekare uye vaiva nechitarisiko chakasiyana chairatidza mavakirwo netsika dzeRoma.
Dhizaini yematemberi echiRoma yaive yakavakirwa pamamodheru echiGreek, asi vaRoma vakawedzera dhizaini yavo uye yakasarudzika. Aiwanzovakwa panzvimbo dzakakwirira uye akakomberedzwa nembiru. Musuo wetemberi waipfuura nepamasitepisi aienda kubiravira raiva nembiru. Tembere dzacho dzaiwanzoita rectangular uye yaive netriangular pediment kumusoro.
Kazhinji, temberi yeRoma yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: mukova kana pronaos, kamuri yepakati kana cella uye kumashure kwenzvimbo tsvene kana adyton. Cella ndiyo nzvimbo yaichengeterwa chifananidzo chamwari kana kuti mwarikadzi uyo aitsaurirwa chivako ichi chakaisvonaka. Kuseri kwetemberi, adyton ndiyo yaiva nzvimbo tsvene muchivako chose. Vaprista chete ndivo vaigona kupinda imomo.
Tembere dzeRoma zvakare vaimboshongedzwa nazvo zvivezwa uye mifananidzo inoratidza ngano uye zvechitendero, uye dzaiwanzovakwa munzvimbo dzakatanhamara, dzakadai sepakati peguta kana pamusoro pechikomo. Naizvozvo taigona kutaura kuti zvakanga zviri zvimiro zvechitendero zvinoorora uye zvakakura zvakabatanidza zvinhu zve architecture uye tsika dzechiGreek nehuinjiniya nehunyanzvi hwechiRoma, uye iyo yakaita basa repakati muhupenyu hwechitendero netsika hweRoma yekare.
Temberi yeRoma ine basa rei?
MuRoma yekare, temberi dzainyanya kuita zvechitendero nemitambo. Zvikurukuru dzakanga dziri nzvimbo dzinoyera umo vanamwari navamwarikadzi voupenyu vainamatwa. Ngano dzevaRoma. VaRoma vaidavira kuti vanamwari vaidzora zvinhu zvakasikwa uye zviitiko zvoupenyu hwevanhu, saka zvakanga zvakakosha kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vaifara uye vaigamuchira zvibayiro zvakakodzera.
Tembere dzeRoma dzaivawo nzvimbo dzokunamatira vanhu, uko kwaiitirwa mhemberero nezvibayiro mukukudza vanamwari. Iyi miitiro yaiitwa navaprista navapristakadzi uye yakapupurirwa navanhu vomunzvimbomo. Pamusoro pebasa radzo rechitendero, temberi dzakaitawo basa rinokosha muhupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro eRoma yekare. Zvivako izvi zvinoyevedza uye zvakaisvonaka zvaiwanzovakwa munzvimbo dzine mukurumbira muguta uye zvaishandiswa pakuungana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kushamwaridzana. Dzaivawo nzvimbo umo vagari vemo vaigona kusangana kuti vakurukure zvinhu zvinokosha uye kuitirana nharo pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvematongerwe enyika.
Muchidimbu, tinogona kutaura kuti temberi dzeRoma dzakanga dziri nzvimbo tsvene netsika uko vanamwari navamwarikadzi vengano dzeRoma vainamatwa uye miitiro nemitambo zvaiitwa mukukudza kwavo. Pamusoro pezvo, temberi dzaivewo nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuungana uye dzezvematongerwo enyika muRoma yekare.
Zvikamu zvetemberi yeRoma uye maitiro ayo
Temberi dzechiRoma dzakateedzera dhizaini yekuvaka yaisanganisira zvikamu zvakati wandei, imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo uye mabasa. Tevere tinozotaura pamusoro penzvimbo dzinowanzozivikanwa dzetembere yeRoma uye maitiro avo:
- Podium: Ndiyo nheyo yakakwirira yetemberi inoiparadzanisa kubva pasi. Chikuva chakavakwa nematombo uye chakamira pachigadziko chine rectangular kana square base.
- Staircase: Kuti munhu asvike pachikuva, paigadzirwa masitepisi aigona kutwasuka kana kukombamira. Masitepisi aiwanzova nenhamba isinganzwisisike yematanho uye yaive chikamu chakakosha chekunaka kwetembere.
- Prodomas: Musuo mukuru wetemberi wainzi prodomus. Rakanga riri kamuri raiva nembiru rakanga riri nechemberi kwetemberi, pamberi chaipo pechivanze. Iyo prodomus inogonawo kushanda senzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu zvemhemberero.
- Cella: Ndirwo rutivi rukuru rwetembere umo chifananidzo chamwari kana kuti mwarikadzi chainamatwa mairi chaigara. Cella yaiva kamuri yakavharwa yaingopindwa nevafundisi kana vafundisi. Dzimwe nguva cella yakakamurwa kuva makamuri maviri akasiyana: imwe yemufananidzo wamwari uye imwe yemitambo yezvinhu.
- Adyton: Rakanga riri nzvimbo inoera zvikurusa yetembere, umo vaprista bedzi vaigona kupinda. Iyo adyton yaive kuseri kwe cella, uye dzimwe nguva yaive mune imwe kamuri yakaparadzana.
- Altar: Yaiva nzvimbo yaipisirwa zvibayiro nezvipo kuna vamwari. Aritari yakanga iri pamberi petemberi, panzvimbo yakashama pamberi pechikuva.
- Makoramu: Tembere dzeRoma dzakashongedzwa nembiru dzaipa pfungwa yedzikamo uye kugadzikana kwechivako chacho. Makoramu akarongwa mumitsara uye aigona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana, dzakadai seDoric, Ionic kana Corinthian. Izvi zvakafanana chaizvo nezvaunogona kuwana mune temberi dzemachechi nemacathedrals.
- Peristalsis: Inenge nzvimbo yaive pakati pembiru dzaive kunze nesero.
- Frieze: Rakanga riri bhandi rokushongedza raiiswa pambiru dzetemberi. Kazhinji frieze yaive nemifananidzo yairatidza zviitiko zvengano.
- Fronton: Icho chikamu chepamusoro chetemberi chinobuda pamusoro pe cella. Iyo pediment yaive nechimiro chetriangular uye yaigona kuve yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo uye reliefs.
Aya ndiwo mativi etemberi yeRoma chaiyo. Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvetemberi imwe neimwe zvaigona kusiyana, zvinhu izvi zvakanga zvakajairika pazvizhinji zvezvivako zvacho. Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu nezve temberi dzeRoma rwave runonakidza kwauri!