Zvivakwa zvechivanhu uye zvekuvaka zvinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, senge simende, matanda, matombo, mvura, jecha, pakati pezvimwe. Imwe neimwe yadzo yakakosha zvakanyanya pakugadzikana kwechimiro asi ivo vanogonawo kuita sevanosvibisa, kungave nekuda kwemaitiro avo ekugadzira kana nekuda kwezvakasara pazvinoshandiswa. Tevere tichaziva sarudzo yezvemamiriro ekunze inoshamwaridzana nemasikirwo anozivikanwa seEcological Bricks.
Zvidhinha zveEcological
Mabasa ekuvaka uye ehurumende anoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (simende, matairi, matanda, pakati pezvimwe) kuita basa rekuvaka, zvidhinha zviri izvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa mukuzadzikiswa kwezvivakwa izvi, zvidhinha idhaka rakakura rakabikwa rine rectangular. chimiro uye inoshandiswa kuvaka madziro uye zvivakwa. Izvo zvinogadzirwa kubva kune zvakasiyana zvinhu zvakaita sevhu, kaolin, alumina, illite uye mamwe mamineral; kuumbwa pakudziya kwepamusoro kusvika watora chimiro chaunoda.
Zvivakwa zvakawanda zvakavakwa neichi chinhu, chiri chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevanhu kusimudzira nzanga uye kusimudzira nzvimbo dzemumaguta. Mukati megore ra1999, mumwe mainjiniya anonzi Henry Liu akashanda munzvimbo dzinopisa magetsi pakavakwa zvidhinha zvekuvakisa vanhu, achiona kuti maitirwo ekugadzira madota anosvika mamiriyoni makumi mana nemashanu, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru. nemarara akaunganidzirwa, marara ari mumvura uye zvimedu zvakaturikwa mumhepo.
Parizvino, zvirongwa zvakawanda zveecology zvakabuda, zvichibva pakutsiva zvinhu, zvinhu uye maitiro anokanganisa nharaunda, izvi zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekusvibiswa hunoonekwa papasi, kuparadzwa kwezvipenyu uye kuunganidzwa kwemarara. Zvidhinha imhando yezvinhu zvinosvibisa zvine hukasha uye izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvinoda simba rakawanda kugadzira. Nekuda kweizvi, inokurudzira zvidhinha zveecological zvakavakwa nezvinhu zvisingakanganise nharaunda, zvichitevera kugadzirwa kwekuremekedza uye kushandisa zvinhu zvinogara pakuvaka. Iyo inozivikanwawo se ecobricks.
Kutsiviwa kwezvidhinha zvechinyakare kunotarisa pakushandisa zvinhu zvakagadzikana zvinokurudzira kuchengetedza simba, kuderedza kabhoni tsoka uye kukurudzira kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza; zvidhinha zve ecological zvinogadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingaburitse nharaunda. Vanopa kupikisa kwakafanana kana kukuru kudarika kwakajairwa, pamwe nekunyaradza uye kuchengeteka.
Ecoladrillos kana zvidhinha zveecological zvinogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, zvichipa akasiyana mabhenefiti, asi ese anopa mabhenefiti pamwero wezvakatipoteredza uye kusimudzira; Mimwe yemidziyo iyi inosanganisira mabhodhoro epurasitiki, ivhu, pakati pezvimwe. Parizvino kune makambani akasiyana-siyana anopa zvidhinha zvakagadziriswa zvezvisikwa pamutengo unowanikwa kune veruzhinji, uye kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira mudziyo uyu nezvinhu zvekumba.
Mhando dzeEcological Bricks
Zvidhinha zveecological zvine hunhu hwakafanana nezvidhinha zvechinyakare, asi zvinodyidzana nemhoteredzo nekushandisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvishoma, zvichikonzera kuparara kushoma asi nekubudirira kwakafanana uye kusimba. Parizvino, marudzi akasiyana eeco-zvidhinha akagadzirwa, achisiyanisa zvinhu zvekuvaka kwavo, zvinotsanangurwa pazasi:
Marasha Madota Zvidhinha
Ndidzo dzaive zvinhu zvekutanga zvakashandiswa naHenry Liu muna 1999, zvakakosha kudzokorodza madota anogadzirwa mumaboilers emagetsi emagetsi emarasha, pamwe nekutora mukana wekupisa kwakanyanya kunoshandiswa panguva yekugadzira.
zvidhinha zvitema
Imhando yezvidhinha iri kuongororwa, saka iri muchikamu che prototype, yakakurudzirwa naMichael Laracy naThomas Poinot, vatungamiri vechikwata paMIT kambani; nyanzvi dzinopa sarudzo yekugadzira zvidhinha nemarara kubva kuindasitiri yemapepa muIndia. Kuti vatsive zvidhinha zvitsvuku (dongo revhu) munyika, kuderedza kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwezvinhu uye kuderedza kusvibiswa kwavo; nenzira iyi bhenefiti inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumarara eindasitiri.
Hemp uye Straw Zvidhinha
Mhando iyi yezvidhinha inogadzirwa nenzira mbiri nehemp nemashanga kana nemateko enzungu, mune ese ari maviri chigadzirwa chinopikisa chine insulating properties chinopiwa, chinobatsira kuchengetedza simba, kuderedza kupisa uye kushandiswa kwemhepo.
zvidhinha zvisina kuenzana
Imhando yezvidhinha yakafanana neyakajairwa yakagadzirwa nevhu, mune iyi kesi inotora mukana weiyo insulating zvivakwa kune ecology. Zvidhinha zvisina kufanira zvinogadzirwa nekuwedzera maitiro ejometri muchimiro chetatu uye rectangle, nekuda kwemakemikari avo vanogona kudzora uye kuderedza kupisa, kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza. Uye zvakare, iyo inokonzeresa acoustic insulation uye inogara ichipa aesthetic chimiro kune facades.
Zvidhinha zvePasi kana Jecha rakadzvanywa
Kana nyika yakanyorova uye ichiperekedzwa nezvimwe zvinhu, inogona kuumbwa uye inopa chimiro chemukati, neiyi musimboti zvidhinha zvevhu kana jecha rakamanikidzwa zvakaitwa. Iwo anodhura kupfuura mamwe uye akanyanya kusimba kupfuura zvidhinha zvechinyakare uye kunyange mabhuroko ekongiri, asi ane insulation yepamusoro inoderedza kukanganiswa kwekabhoni tsoka pamhepo.
Frozen Smoke Brick
Massachusetts Institute of Technology inochengetedza mwero wezvidhinha zvakasvibira, ichidyidzana naLawrence Livermore National Laboratory, vachikurudzira zvinhu zvine hungwaru, kureruka uye zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza zvinonzi airgel, inozivikanwawo sehutsi hwakaoma nechando. Vanokwanisa kutsigira 160.000 nguva yehuremu hwavo uye vanobvumira kudhinda kuri nyore kwe3D.
Zvidhinha zvePlastiki Yakagadzirwazve
Zvidhinha zveecological zvepurasitiki yakadzokororwa ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nevanhu, hazvizivikanwe kuti ndiani aive muvambi wavo, anowanzozivikanwa se eco-zvidhinha zvakagadzirwa nemarara epamba kunyanya nemabhodhoro akaraswa epolyethylene, iwo akanakira kuvaka madziro nedzimba diki. Iyo nzira inoshandiswa iri nyore kwazvo, jecha kana isiri-organic tsvina (bepa, kadhibhodhi kana mabhegi) inounzwa mubhodhoro.
Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuzadza mabhodhoro nezvinhu zvinopa kupikisa, zvino dzinofanira kuiswa muzvikamu umo simenti ichawedzerwa kuzadza nzvimbo. Panguva yekuomeswa, zvidhinha zvakakura zvakanaka zvichawanikwa zvinogona kushandiswa se molds for blocks.
Zvakanakira zveEcological Bricks
Pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvidhinha zvezvisikwa, chimwe nechimwe chinopa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatsira zvose vanhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Nekuda kweizvi, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza imwe inobata zvinodiwa zvikuru nevanhu uye tichifunga nezvenharaunda. Nokuda kweizvi zvakakosha kuyeuka zvakanakira zvidhinha zvezvisikwa pane zvechinyakare zvinotsanangurwa pazasi:
- Savings
Kugadzirwa kwezvidhinha zvezvisikwa zvinomiririra chinhu chinoponesa, sezvo chinogona kugadzirwa nemaoko nemarara kana pasina chero kushandiswa, kunze kwekurapa kwavo kubvumira kuchengetedza simba kana kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa.
- Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kwezvimwe zvinhu
Ivo vanobvumira kuve nezvivakwa zvinoshanda sehunyoro insulator, zvakare ine basa rekudzikisa ruzha uye kudzora tembiricha yezvakatipoteredza (kupisa kana kutonhora).
- Lower Environmental Impact
Hachisati chiri chakavanzika kutapura kwakakwirira kwezvakatipoteredza uko zviito zvomunhu zvakava nazvo pamhoteredzo, kuparadza nharaunda, kusvibisa mafungu emvura uye kuwedzera kushata kweozone layer. Parizvino kune akawanda ecological modalities anovakwa nezvinhu zvisingakuvadze kune zvisikwa uye zvinoda akareruka maitiro ekujekesa kwavo, pakati pavo eco-zvidhinha.
- Chiedza
Zvidhinha zveecological zvakareruka kupfuura zvidhinha zvakajairika, kunyanya nekuti zvinoderedza nguva yekuvaka uye kushomeka kwevashandi.
Zvakanakira zveEcological Plastic Bricks
Iyo inosarudzika yekugadzira zvidhinha zvidhinha ipurasitiki, izvi imhaka yekuti ndiyo inorasa nzanga, saka sarudzo dzezvakatipoteredza dzinotsvakwa dzinobvumira kuti dzishandiswe zvakare, mune iyi nyaya yekugadzira eco-zvidhinha. Zvimwe zvazvakanakira zvinotsanangurwa pazasi:
- Vanobvumira kashanu kuwedzera kwekushisa kwekushisa kupfuura zvidhinha zvitsvuku zvevhu.
- Vanopa kuvharidzira kukuru kwekuvakwa kwemadziro kana madziro ane ukobvu hushoma, anenge 15 kusvika 30 centimita.
- Iwo akareruka zvakanyanya, anorema isingasviki kilogiramu.
- Ivo vane hukuru hwekupokana nekupisa kwepamusoro uye zvakare vanoshingirira kumoto, zvinoenderana nemiedzo yekuparadzira yavanobvumira kuungana mukirasi RE2, iyo inoonekwa sechinhu chine kupararira kwakaderera.
- Inoshandiswa sechigadzirwa chekushandisa marara epurasitiki akadzokororwa.
- Iyo haibatsiri pakuparara kwevhu, sezvo kugadzirwa kwayo hakudi kuti ibatane nayo.
- Izvo zvinoumbwa nyore nyore nemichina yemanyorero uye hazvidi kupfurwa muhovhoni huru; Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kuwedzera pakusakonzera kutema miti.
Kucherechedza zvose zvinobatsira zvezvidhinha zvezvisikwa zvakagadzirwa nemabhodhoro epurasitiki, vanobvumira kuva nayo sechisarudzo chekuvakwa kwezvivako zvevagari vemo zvakadai semadziro, madziro, dzimba uye zvakatoshandiswa kugadzira zvivakwa munharaunda.
Maitiro ekugadzira zvidhinha zveEcological nePlastic Bottles
Parizvino, nharaunda dzakawanda dzakashandisa sarudzo yekushandisa zvidhinha zveecological kuvaka dzimba dzavo, kushandira pamwe nemhoteredzo uye kuve nharaunda inosvikika kumhuri dzinodziumba. Matanho ekutevera mukugadzirwa kwemhando iyi yezvinhu ndeaya anotevera:
Danho 1: Kugadzirira kwemabhodhoro epurasitiki ezvidhinha (ecobricks)
- Unganidza ese mabhodhoro epurasitiki anokwanisika (kunyanya zviri nani), achenese uye chengetedza matamponi ega ega.
- Tanga kuzadza rimwe nerimwe remabhodhoro akaunganidzwa nezvose zvinobvira inorganic zvinhu, semuenzaniso epurasitiki caps, aluminium foil, mabhegi epurasitiki, sirivheri, pakati pezvimwe.
- Sunda zvese zvinoshandiswa pakuzadza pasi zvichikonzera kuti zvese zvibatanidzwe.
- Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvese zvinoshandiswa zvinozadza zvinhu uye kubatanidza zvese kusvika zvavharwa neplug.
- Iyi nzira inofanirwa kushandiswa neimwe yemabhodhoro epurasitiki anoda kushandiswa pakuvaka zvidhinha.
Danho rechipiri: Kukwenenzverwa kwezvidhinha zvezvisikwa
Mabhodhoro epurasitiki akazadzwa nezvinhu zvinoraswa ndiwo ecobricks epurasitiki epamba, saka iwe unofanirwa kuenderera mberi mukujekesa kwezvivharo zvekuvaka. Iyi nhanho ichasiyana zvichienderana nehukuru uye chinangwa chekuvaka senge zvivakwa zvinokwira (mabhuru mahombe) kana madziro matete (mabhururu madiki).
- Gadzirira rectangle yehuni iyo inoshanda se mold zvinoenderana nezviyero zvebhuroko raunoda kuvaka. Zvinokurudzirwa kuita zviumbwa zvakawanda kuti zvikwanise kugadzirira zvinopfuura bhuroko rimwe panguva. Kazhinji, mabhodhoro manomwe akafara ne3 kumusoro anoshandiswa.
- Ipapo musanganiswa wesimende unogadzirwa.
- Isa imwe neimwe ye ecobricks muhuni yehuni uye uwedzere simenti munzvimbo dzose dzaunoda kuzadza.
- Mirira nguva inodiwa kusvikira zvinhu zvose zvaoma, rinenge zuva rose; munyaya iyi ichaenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye nzvimbo iyo kuvakwa kuri kuitwa.
- Kana ichinge yaoma zvachose, chivharo chinofanira kunge chisina kuumbwa uye chidhinha chinenge chagadzirira kushandiswa.
Anosimudzira Kambani yePlastiki Ecobricks
Nhasi kune makambani mazhinji ane chiono chezvakatipoteredza, achishandisa maitiro ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvakare kukurudzira kushandiswa kwezvakatipoteredza zvigadzirwa. Vamwe vauya nepfungwa yekutsiva zvidhinha zvakajairwa nezvimwe zvine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza, senge Cordoba foundation iri kuArgentina inozivikanwa nezita rekuti Ecoinclusion, iyo inoona nezvekugadzira zvidhinha zveecology vachishandisa mabhodhoro epurasitiki.
Ecoinclusion isangano risina purofiti rakagadzirwa pakati pegore ra2014 nevadyidzani vatatu, vane chiono chaive chekubatanidzwa kwenharaunda nemagariro enharaunda. Nekuda kwekunetseka uku uye pamwe nerutsigiro rweNational Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), vakagadzira chirongwa chakanangana nekugadzirwa kwepotilene-terephthalate (PET) kubva mumidziyo yepurasitiki inoraswa, vachiisanganisa nebhainda simende nezvimwe. makemikari ekuwedzera. , kuwana chigadzirwa chine adhesion zvimiro zvezvikamu zvepurasitiki uye simende.
PET inoshandiswa pakuvaka zvidhinha zveecological uye kushandira pamwe neinokurudzirwa misimboti yekudzokorodza, sezvo mukuita uku chidhinha chimwe nechimwe chinovakwa chinoshandisa mabhodhoro epurasitiki akaraswa angangoita makumi maviri.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: