Muchinyorwa chino chatinokuunzirai nhasi, tiri kuzogadzirisa nyaya ingangove inonakidza kune vazhinji venyu uye iyo zvakare ichajekesa chero mhando yekusahadzika kubva kune vese vanhuwo zvavo uye nyanzvi dzeinjiniya, Tiri kutaura nezve musiyano webhiriji neviaduct.Pane mumwe wenyu anoziva kuti chii?
Kana iwe uchiziva chero misiyano pakati pezvivakwa zviviri izvi, asi uchida kuziva zvakatowanda, tinovimbisa kuti uchawana ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pechinyorwa ichi. Isu tichatsanangura zvese nenzira iri nyore, ndiko kuti, kuti munhu wese azvinzwisise.
Pamusoro pekudoma misiyano mikuru pakati pebhiriji uye viaduct, Isu tichatsanangurawo kuti chimwe nechimwe chezvivakwa zviviri izvi chii uye tichaona kuti ndeapi akakosha mabhiriji uye viaducts munharaunda yeSpanish., sezvauchawana munyaya yedu pamusoro pemabhiriji akareba zvikuru pasi rose. Iye zvino zhizha uye mazororo zvasvika, unogona kufarira kuvashanyira.
Bridge: chii uye zvinhu
Icho chivakwa icho vanhu vanoita pane yakaora mwoyo kuti vabatanidze imwe pfungwa neimwe.. Kana tichitaura nezvenzvimbo yekuora mwoyo, tinoreva nzvimbo ine kudzika, concave, kana mune mizhinji yemvura yakaita senzizi, nyanza, gungwa, nezvimwe.
Basa guru remabhiriji ndiro bvumira kufamba kwevanhu kana zvinhu, zvinogona kuva netsoka kana mumhando ipi zvayo yemotokari. Kune mabhiriji evanofamba netsoka, kana mabhiriji ane mukana wekuwana mota kana zvitima kana akashongedzerwa kuita izvi.
Zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwazvinoiswa, inogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzakadai semugero, payaishandiswa kutakura mvura, viaduct, zvatichaona gare gare, kana kuti catwalks, zvinova zviya zvakagadzirirwa vanhu vanofamba netsoka.
Kuchengetedza kwakakosha murudzi urwu rwekuvaka, saka dhizaini yezvimiro inofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi muchikamu. Iyi dhizaini inofanirwa kubva pazvimiro zvekuverenga izvo zvinotarisisa zvakasiyana-siyana, senge zvinhu zvekuvaka.
Mabhiriji, sezvatichangobva kuona, Vanogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana uye zvichienderana nekuti iwe wasarudza pane imwe kana imwe, kuvaka kuchava nehumwe hunhu.
- Kana vakasarudza kushandisa huni, ivo vanokurumidza mabhiriji kuvaka uye nemutengo wakaderera.. Pane zvinopesana, ivo kazhinji havadziviriri zvakanyanya uye vanogara kwenguva refu. Icho chinhu chinobata zvakanyanya kune mamwe maajenti emuchadenga.
- Zambuko rebwe rakasimba zvikuru uye rinogara kwenguva refu., kunyange zvazvo kuvakwa kwayo kuchitoda mari yakakwirira. Haidi kutarisirwa zvakanyanya uye inotsungirira mamiriro ekunze akasiyana zvakanyanya.
- Metal mabhiriji ndiwo anonyanya kuenderana, sezvo achibvumira magadzirirwo akasiyana. Iwo mavakirwo anoitwa nekukurumidza, asi anosanganisira mutengo wakakwira. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kujekeswa ndechekuti nekufamba kwenguva uye mune mamwe mamiriro ekunze kana magasi, vanotanga kusangana nekuora.
- Pakupedzisira, mabhiriji ekongiri anokurumidza kuvaka, anopikisa uye anokwanisika zvehomwe dzemakambani ekuvaka. Ivo vanopikisa zvakanyanya kuita kweakasiyana emuchadenga vamiririri.
Ndeapi marudzi emabhiriji atingawana?
Tatoona kuti zambuko chii uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvarinogona kuvakwa nazvo. Zvino, ndizvo nguva yekuwana mafomu anogona kutora zvivakwa izvi zvichienderana nekunetseka kwezvinhu zvayo zvekuvaka.
- girder mabhiriji: Iwo anonyanya kuumbwa nezvinhu zvakachinjika zvinotsigirwa nembiru kana zvitsigiro. Zvinhu zvakamira, zvakaita sembiru, zvinotsigira simba rekumanikidza. Nekune rimwe divi, zvinhu zvakachinjika zvinowanzo kombama nekuda kwehuremu hwazvinotsigira.
- arch mabhiriji: zvivakwa zvinoumbwa nechikamu chakakomberedzwa kumusoro uye chinozorora pazvitsigiro kana zvinomutsa. Tinogona kuwana zvivakwa zviviri zvakasiyana mumhando iyi yemabhiriji. Mune imwe yadzo, arch ndiyo inobata bhiriji dhizaini panotakurwa traffic, nepo mune imwe, iri paarch pachayo iyo dhizaini inotsamira nerubatsiro rwezvitsigiro.
- Mazambuko akarembera: Muchiitiko ichi, dheti yebhiriji yakarembera uye inotsigirwa nerubatsiro rwenhamba yakawanda yezvipfeko. Mukuwedzera, tambo mbiri huru dzakasungirirwa kumativi ose ebhiriji.
Viaduct: chii uye kuti inovakwa sei
Izwi rokuti viaduct rakakamurwa kuita mazwi maviri: "via" uye "duct". Wokutanga anotaura kwatiri nezvenzira, nepo wechipiri achitaura nesu nezvokuvaka. Saka tinogona kutaura kuti viaduct chivakwa chakagadzirirwa kutenderera kwevanhu, vangave netsoka kana nemotokari.
Kazhinji, marudzi aya ezvivakwa anowanzo kuve akakura, saka anonyanya kuyambuka nemotokari. uye kwete zvikuru nevanhu vanofamba netsoka. Viaducts yakavakirwa kubatanidza mapoinzi maviri ari ega, mipata inotenderera kana mamwe marudzi enzvimbo.
Maviaducts eRoma akavakwa nematombo ematombo uye arches, sezvatinoona mumigero. Nekufamba kwenguva, zvese izvi zvakashanduka, uye zvakanyanya zvakanyanya nekusvika kwenjanji, saka huni dzakatanga kutsiva dombo nekuda kwemitengo, nekuti huni hwaive hwakawandisa.
Iye zvino, Zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa pakuvaka viaducts zvakasimbiswa kongiri uye simbi. Imwe yedambudziko guru rinounzwa nerudzi urwu rwekuvaka kushaikwa kwerutsigiro kana chinhambwe chinofanira kuvharwa.
Misiyano mikuru pakati pebhiriji uye viaduct
Kana tangotsanangura kuti rimwe nerimwe remashoko maviri aya rinosanganisirei, anoita seakafanana, inguva yekuziva kuti misiyano yavo mikuru ndeipi uye nokudaro, kuziva kusiyanisa chimwe chivakwa kubva pane chimwe.
Musiyano wekutanga ndouyu mabhiriji anowanzo kuvakwa pamusoro pemvura mikuru kana zvipingamupinyi zvisingabvumiri kupfuura pazviri, saka vanopa nhanho pavari. Chimwe chinhu chinofanira kutariswa chiri mundima yehupfumi, sezvo bhiriji rinomiririra mari yakakura kwazvo kupfuura kuvakwa kwevhavha.
Viaducts anowanzo akasiyana mabhiriji akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe nearch bhiriji zvimiro.. Zvinowanzovakwa pamusoro pechisikigo kana chimiro chemaitiro. Kusiyana nemabhiriji, viaducts anotsigirwa nearch yakagadzirwa nekongiri yakasimbiswa kana, zviuru zvemakore apfuura, nematombo.
Bhiriji uye viaduct zvakafanana kana zvakafanana maererano nechimiro, ndiko kuti, tinoreva dhizaini uye nzira yekuvaka. Musiyano wavo mukuru une chekuita nekuwedzera kweumwe neumwe wavo uye nepamusoro pavanenge vavakwa.
Muchidimbu, zvese zvivakwa zvine longitudinal ine nzvimbo yakati sandara uye yakatsetseka iyo inoshandiswa senzira yekufambisa yemotokari kana vanhu. Viaducts, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti anogona kunge ari pasi pevhu kana pamusoro, zvivakwa izvi zvinoedza kuvhara chinhambwe pakati pemapoinzi maviri. Bhiriji, kune rumwe rutivi, chivakwa chipfupi uye basa rayo nderekubatanidza mapoinzi maviri, asi kwete kutibatanidza kune yedu yekupedzisira.
Mabhiriji uye viaducts muSpain
Muchikamu chino chekupedzisira chatinozviwana tiri, Tiri kuzotaura nezve mabhiriji akasiyana uye viaducts atinogona kuwana mukati mehurefu nehupamhi hwenzvimbo yeSpanish.. Zvimwe zvezvimiro zvauchaona mune inotevera runyorwa zvakakodzera kushanyirwa uye kuyemura muhukuru hwazvo.
Zambuko Idzva – Malaga
El chifananidzo chikuru cheRonda uye izvo, zvine mabviro ayo mugore ra1759.
Los Tilos Viaduct – La Palma
https://es.m.wikipedia.org/
Kuvaka nehurefu hwakazara hwe155 metres, inoyambuka mupata uye umo munogona kuonekwa kuti hamuna zvitsigiro zvepakati.
Biscay Bridge
https://www.bilbaobizkaiacard.com/
Ibhiriji rakasiyana, iro inobatanidza guta reGetxo nePortugal kuyambuka rwizi Nervión.
Montabliz Viaduct
https://es.wikipedia.org/
Mune ino kesi, Ichi chivakwa chakagadzirwa kuchengetedza kudzika kweRwizi rweBisueña, kumaodzanyemba kweSantander. Nehurefu hwakazara hwemamita 721 uye 150 metres kureba.
Roman Bridge yeCangas de Onís - Asturias
Imwe yemabhiriji akashanyirwa uye akatorwa mifananidzo muAsturias uye kunyange kubva kuSpain. Bhiriji rinoyambuka Rwizi rweSella kuburikidza neguta reAsturian reCangas de Onís.
Lindin Viaduct
Nekureba kwemamita 757 uye kureba kunosvika 103 metres. Iyo yakavakirwa pamupata weAbidueiras rwizi.
Triana Bridge - Seville
https://www.elmundo.es/
Kune akati wandei mabhiriji anoyambuka rwizi rweGuadalquivir kuburikidza neguta reSeville, asi mazhinji Ndivo vanoti hapana akafanana naiye Triana.
Erques Viaduct
https://newsroom.ferrovial.com/
Mupata weErques wakapatsanura mataundi eAdeje neGuía de Isora, pane ichi chiitiko muna 2015, Erque viaduct yakavakwa iyo inobatanidza pfungwa mbiri zvakananga.
Sezvatakakwanisa kuwana, kune misiyano midiki pakati pezvivakwa zviviri, asi kwete maererano nechimiro chazvo, sezvo rudzi rumwe rwebasa runoitwa. Zvose zviri zviviri zvivakwa zvinoshanda kubhiriji madaro pakati pemapoinzi maviri. Dzinosiyana pakukura.
Tinovimba unowana iyi positi inonakidza uye kuti inopindura chero mibvunzo yaungave uine pamusoro pekuti chimwe nechimwe chezvivakwa izvi chii uye nekusiyana kwavo.