The Terracotta Warriors kana Xian Warriors, kurinda mambo wekutanga weChina uye vakawanikwa neboka revarimi zvakasununguka. Asi... Nyaya yako ndeyei? Sezvavari?
Ngatimbozamai zvishoma munhoroondo ye uto gurusa rati rambowanikwa muguva, rakatemerwa kuita mambo wavo mutongi muupenyu hwapashure porufu zvakare.
Kuwanikwa kweTerracotta Warriors
Uye 1974, vamwe varimi vakanga vachichera tsime pedyo netaundi duku vakawana chimwe chezvakakura zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo yenguva. Dzimba huru dzepasi pevhu dzakakomberedza guva ramambo. Paiva nevarwi vanopfuura 8000 XNUMX veterracotta, uto guru raiita serakagadzirira kurwa.
Kunyange zvazvo kuwana kwacho kwaishamisa, kwakanga kwave kuchioneka chaizvoizvo kwemazana emakore, sezvo nzvimbo yacho yakazara nezvitubu zvepasi pevhu. Kuchera munzvimbo iyi kwaisanganisira dzimwe nguva kuwana zvisaririra zveceramic, masonry kana mataira kubva paguva raQin. Kuwanikwa uku kunoonekwa kwakakosha pakunzwisisa nhoroondo ye Kubudirira kweChinese uye nhaka yayo.
Mambo wekutanga weChina
Ying Zheng, akatanga kutonga mudunhu reQin aine makore gumi nematatu muna 13 BC. Nekufamba kwenguva akazove wekutanga mambo weChina, mushure mekubatanidza humambo hwe7 izvo zvakagadzirisa Kutonga kwake kwakatora makore makumi matatu nematanhatu uye kwakauya pamwe nebudiriro dzakasiyana senge yakamisikidzwa kana yakabatana arufabheti yeChina yese. Ndiyo zvakare kune iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa chinhu cheChina chine chikwereti: The Great Wall.
mambo uyu akanga akananga pakusiya nhaka uye kurangarirwa. Zvichida izvi zvinotitaurira nezvemanzwiro asina kunaka pamusoro pekufa kwake pachake. Uyezve, makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake akapedzwa achitsvaga alchemists uye kuita nzendo dzakasiyana siyana, zvese achitsvaga mushonga wehupenyu husingaperi.
Kuvakwa kweguva ramambo
Mugore rekutanga rekutonga kwake, mambo akatoraira kuvakwa kwenecropolis hombe kutanga. pasi pevhu. Ichange izere nezvinhu, zviyeuchidzo, asi paizovawo neuto. Zvose izvi zvaizomuperekedza kurufu kwaaizoramba achiita basa rake samambo.
Hondo yevarwi veterracotta sei?
Hondo iyi ichiri kumira, yakagadzirira kurwa uye yakakamurwa kuita makomba akawanda. Imwe yemakomba aya, the chikuru, ine nzvimbo ye200 x 50 metres uye ine anopfuura 7500 varwi, mamwe acho achiri kuzofukunurwa. A gomba rechipiri rine ngoro dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matatu nemabhiza anodarika mazana matanhatu. Gomba rechitatu rinogara the vakuru vakuru vaitungamirira varwi. Guva rechina rakawanikwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti basa racho zvimwe rakasiyiwa risina kupera pakafa mambo.
Zvisinei, hatifaniri kufunga kuti kwaingova neuto guru iri muguva ramambo. Paivawo nemakamera aiva nenhamba dzevaimbi, vashandi, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, nezvimwewo. Pamwe chete nemhuka dzekunze kwenyika. Zvinoratidza vavariro iri muzvirongwa zvamambo zvehupenyu hwapashure porufu.
Zvivezwa izvi terracotta zvivezwa, rudzi rwevhu dzvuku-shava. Mawekishopu akawanda nevashandi vanosvika zviuru mazana manomwe aidiwa kuvaka. Ita saizi yechisikigo, akareba mamita matanhatu. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, zvinonakidza kutaura kuti dzimwe budiriro dzakazvipirawo sei kugadzira zviyeuchidzo zvehupenyu hwepashure perufu, sezvakaita art yekare yechiGiriki.
Zvivezwa zvaive yakagadzirwa muzvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zvaizobatanidzwa uye kuti vakanga vachimiririra nhengo dzeuto ramambo. zvinogadzirwa maererano nemapoka avo uye vane zvombo zvakasiyana uye mayunifomu. Imwe neimwe yakasarudzika kuti iite akasiyana maitiro, matauriro, magadzirirwo ebvudzi, ndebvu uye ndebvu.
vaiva polychromes ane mavara akajeka, kunyangwe pendi iyi inodonha nekusangana nemhepo uye yaizofumura terracotta. Nekuda kweiyo oxidation nemhepo, iyo pigment inoburitswa kubva muterracotta mumaawa mashanu chete. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tsvakurudzo iri kuitwa mune imwe nzira inobvumira mavara ekutanga kuti achengetedzwe, uye kusvikira izvi zvaitwa, kumwe kuchera kwevarwi vakasara hakuzopfuuriri.
Pakangoitwa guva uye mambo avigwa, guva racho harina kuramba riripo. Mushure mekudonha kwedzinza reQin, varimi vakaipamba uye vakaba zvombo zvakawanda zvavaitakura. uto reterracotta
Gadziriro yehupenyu mushure mekufa
yingzheng, Angadai asiri iye ega munhu aigadzirira nokungwarira upenyu hwapashure porufu. Vakafa venguva yeKofun muJapan vakavigwa nezvivezwa zvemabhiza nedzimba. Makuva paJaina Island kubva kumhenderekedzo yeMexico ane zvidhori zveceramic.
Uye zvechokwadi, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa budiriro maererano nekugadzirira hupenyu hwako hwehupenyu hwepashure perufu: maEgypt. Kuti uongorore zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwepashure perufu mune dzimwe tsika, unogona kutarisa chinyorwa che african art.
Tinokurudzira kuti utarise chinyorwa pa Guva raTutankhamun: Ijipiti kubva paguva romwana mambo.
Vari kupi izvozvi?
Pakangowanikwa guva, complex yemamyuziyamu panzvimbo yacho pachayo. Bako guru rakafukidzwa uye rinogona kushanyirwa. Tsvagiridzo yeguva iri ichiri kushanda, inova chiratidzo chekufarira kuziva zvakawanda nezve chivezwa chekare uye pesvedzero yacho.
Kuti tiione taitofanira kuenda kugomo riri mukati kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweXian, mudunhu reShaanxi muChina.
Kuti udzidze nezve zvimwe zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo, tarisa zvimwe zvinyorwa pawebhusaiti yedu uye usapotsa nhau.