Varoyi veSalem kana miedzo yeSalem ndevamwe zviitiko zvakaitika muUnited States muna 1692 mumusha weSalem, uko vanhu vakawanda vomumusha vakapomerwa nevavakidzani vavo kuti vainamata dhiyabhorosi uye kuroya.
Nhasi tinotaura nezvemiedzo iyoyo uye yekutanga sarem huroyi nyaya. Sezvo zviitiko izvozvo zvakafuridzira maartist akasiyana kuti agadzire mabasa avo, imwe nyaya mutambo "The Witches of Salem" kana "The Crucible."
Varoyi veSaremu
Kana tichitaura nezvevaroyi veSalem, tiri kutaura nezvezvikamu zve miedzo yevaroyi yakaitika munguva yehutongi hweAmerica muna 1692 mumusha weSalem (ikozvino Massachusetts). Mumatare aya, vanhu gumi nevapfumbamwe vaipomerwa mhosva yehuroyi ndivo vaizotongerwa rufu, pakati pavo vanhukadzi gumi nevana nevarume vashanu. Nhamba yevaipomerwa mhosva mumatare iwayo yaiva pakati pe200 ne300, uye nhamba yevasungwa yakanga yakawandawo.
Nhoroondo yezvakaitika
Kana tichitaura nezvemiyedzo yehuroyi, pane mukana mukuru wekuti vakadzi vakapfeka zvitema nengowani dzakapinza vanouya mundangariro, vachibhururuka nemitsvairo nekatsi dzavo nhema. Hapana chinopfuura kubva kune chokwadi. Miyedzo yehuroyi yaive yakawanda kupfuura zvaungafunga muBritish Colonies. Mhosva yekutanga yakatanga muna 1647 muConnecticut. Mumakumi emakore ekupera kwezana ramakore rechi 17, miedzo ingangoita makumi maviri yakanyorwa muNew England (kunyanya muBoston neSpringfield). Pamwe paive nemuyedzo makore matatu kana mana ega ega, saka chaive chinhu chaiitika chakapatsanurwa nenguva asi chaiitika.
Tinogona kuzviona ipapo Kunyange zvazvo ichizivikanwa se "miedzo yeSalem," ichokwadi chimwe chinhu chakaitika muPuritan America yose asi muSaremu vakatanhamara uye ndokusaka kwapararira nenzira iyi.
Kutanga kwemiedzo muSalem
Kutanga kweSalem Miedzo iri mu kupomerwa naReverend Samuel Parris mwanasikana, Betty Parris, nehanzvadzi yake Abigail Williams izvo zvakapera nevakadzi vatatu vakasungwa.
Mwanasikana waReverend nemwana wamai vake vaiti vakanga vabatwa zvisina kunaka, kurumwa nekutsikwa. Vaiti muviri wavo waita zvekugwinha gwinha, maziso akatarisa mumusoro vakashama muromo. Panguva iyoyo Mufundisi akavabvunza kuti ndiani aivashungurudza vakapindura vachiti: Tituba, Sarah Osborne naSarah Akanaka. Ndiko kwakava kutanga kwekutongwa kweSarem kwekutanga.
Tibuta
Tibuta ndiye mukadzi wekutanga kupomerwa huroyi mune inonzi "Salem Trials", asi ndiyewo wekutanga kubvuma kuti aiita huroyi, kureurura kwakamanikidzwa kubva maari natenzi wake Samuel Parris.
Pakutongwa kwake Aitaura nezve imbwa nhema, nguruve, makonzo matsvuku kana kubhururuka kwaaiita netsvimbo kubva panzvimbo achienda kune imwe.. Akataurawo kuti Sarah Osborne aive nechisikwa chine musoro wemukadzi, makumbo maviri nemapapiro. Nekureurura kwake, bongozozo rakatanga muSaremu sezvakaziviswa kuti Satani aive pakati pavo.
Pasinei nezvose izvi, haana kutongerwa rufu asi kutorongo. Aizodzora kureurura kwake, achitaura kuti akazvitaura nealibi kubva kuna tenzi wake Parris, chimwe chinhu chakaita kuti amusiye parutivi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti gare gare Bail yake yakabhadharwa uye mumwe munhu akamutenga iye nemurume wake vachibva vabuda muSalem. Kubva ipapo hazvizivikanwe kuti chii chakaitika kwaari.
Sarah Osborne
Mwanasikana waReverend nehanzvadzi yake havangave ivo voga vaizopomera Osborne, Elizabeth Hubbard akati akamutambudza nemapini uye mapukisi nekurukwa tsono. Uyezve, Sarah akanga asina kuenda kuchechi mumakore matatu akanga apfuura, achitaura nezvechirwere chakareba.
Zvinotendwa kuti mhuri yekwaPutnam yaive nezvakawanda zvekuita nekupomerwa kwake zvehuroyi Sarah akaroora Robert Prince, mukoma wemukadzi akaroora muPutnams, mhuri ine simba yaaiita nayo nyaya dzemutemo.
Osborne akaramba ari mutirongo apo kutongwa kwaipokana uye Aizoguma afira ikoko musi wa10 Chivabvu wegore rimwe chetero.
Sarah Akanaka
Inotsanangurwa nevagari vemo setsvina, kutsamwa-pfupi, uye kwakaparadzaniswa zvinoshamisa kubva kune vamwe vagari vomumusha. Iye Vaiti kufa kwemombe yevasina kumupa paakakumbira rudo. Izvi pazvakaitika, zvinonzi Sarah akabva angosara achingogunun’una. Pakutongwa kwenyaya iyi akati kugunun’una kwaaitaura kwaiva Mitemo ine Gumi kwete zvimwe. Kuti abvise kusava nechokwadi kupi nokupi, akakumbirwa kuti ataure mirayiro iyi paitongwa, asi Sara akanga asingakwanisi kudzokorora mumwe chete.
Mhosva yehuroyi yakauya nekumuona achitsvoda mukadzi musi wa6 Kurume 1692 uye nekuti mwanasikana waReverendi nehanzvadzi yake. Vaiti vakaroyiwa neruoko rwake.
Sarah aibva kuboka revanhu vakaderera, akaderedzwa kuva urombo nechikwereti chemurume wake wekutanga. Miedzo yacho yaiwanzovakirwa pashanje dzaGood, kutsamira kwaaiita pavagari vomumusha vose kwairatidzika kuva chinhu chinosarudza, pamwe chete nokutsamira kwaakaita pavagari vomumusha vose. Murume wake chaiye aitoratidza kuti mukadzi wake muroyi. aiva nehunhu hwakaipa kwaari.
Chikonzero cheSarem Miedzo
Kune vazhinji vanyori venhoroondo vakaedza kupindura kuti Salem muroyi kuvhima. Chinonyanya kupararira kana kugamuchirwa ndechekuti maPuritan ekuAmerica aitonga nzvimbo iyoyo asina hutongi hwehumambo kubva muna 1630 kusvika kuRoyal Charter yeMassachusetts muna 1692. nguva yakazara yekunyanyisa mune zvechitendero.
Pfungwa, sezvinotaura vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda, ndeyokuti kutaura kuti zviitiko izvozvo zvakakonzerwa nokunyanyisa mune zvechitendero kuri nyore. Zvinofanira kufunga zvimwe zviito zvakadai sekushungurudzwa kwevana, kurwira zvinhu zvakasiyana, chepfu nechingwa chakaviriswa cherye, mhuri yekwaPutnam ichiedza kusunungura mhuri yavaikwikwidzana nayo maPorters nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvaive cocktail yakakwana kuti nyaya dzitange.
Kune izvi zvese, tinofanira kuwedzera kunyanyisa mune zvechitendero kana kuti tsika dzechitendero dzakasimba izvo zvakaiswa muSaremu, ndokusaka Vavakidzani vakatarisa kana kudzorana. Kana mashoko, maitiro kana zviito zvisina kufanana nezvinotenderwa kana kuti zvaionekwa sezvinogamuchirika mune zvechitendero nemaPuritan parameters, mabhero anorira. Vakadzi, kunyanya, vaifanira kushandira varume vavo uye vakanga vasina kodzero. Vana vainyatsodzidziswa mabasa emangwana evakuru pane kubvumirwa kuva vana.
Uye, chinokosha kupfuura zvose, kutsamwa kwaMwari kwaifanira kudziviswa, uko kwaigona kuunza zvinetso kumamiriro okunze, zvirimwa, uye zvipfuwo. Kana chimwe chinhu chakaipa chakaitika imhaka yokuti mumwe munhu akanga aita zvakaipa uye Mwari akanga achitumira zviratidzo zvehasha dzake. Katsi muMiddle Ages Vaivewo pasi pekutambudzwa, zvichiratidza mamiriro ekutya nekusaziva akafanana neaya eSaremu.
Mhedzisiro yeSalem Trials
Pakazopera zana remakore rechi17 mazana avo akanga asungwa achipomerwa uroyi. Idzi dzese dzaive mhosva dzisina kunyoreswa mudare reruwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vanosvika vashanu vevaipomerwa vaizofira mutirongo, sezvakaitika naSarah Osborne. Vanhu makumi maviri nevatanhatu vakabatwa nemhosva, Makumi maviri vavo, vazhinji vavo vakadzi, vakaurayiwa; kusanganisira Sarah Akanaka.
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza pamiyedzo iyi ndechekuti Dzaive dzakabva parunyerekupe, Hapana humbowo hwemadhimoni kana huroyi hwakapihwa. Vatongi vaizotakurwa nekupengereka kwechitendero iyo yakanga yakura uye yapararira semoto wesango uye zvisati zvaitika, kutaura kumwe chete kwaikwana kuti itange kutsva. Dzvinyiriro yavaPuritan yokushora kune vainzi varoyi chaivewo chinhu chekufunga nezvacho.
Munharaunda yese, miedzo yaive nesimba guru uye zvakakonzera kuderera kwepesvedzero yePuritan yeNew England uye kuuya kwekusanamata kwevagari vemumusha.
Rondedzero yevakabatwa nemhosva uye vakaurayiwa
- Bridget Bishop, Chikumi 10, 1692
- Rebecca Mukoti, Chikunguru 19, 1692
- Sarah Akanaka, Chikunguru 19, 1692
- Elizabeth Howe, Chikunguru 19, 1692
- Susannah Martin, Chikunguru 19, 1692
- Sarah Wildes, Chikunguru 19, 1692
- Reverend George Burroughs, Nyamavhuvhu 19, 1692
- George Jacobs, Nyamavhuvhu 19, 1692
- Martha Carrier, Nyamavhuvhu 19, 1692
- John Willard, Nyamavhuvhu 19, 1692
- John Proctor, Nyamavhuvhu 19, 1692
- Martha Corey, Gunyana 22, 1692
- Mary Eastey, Gunyana 22, 1692
- Mary Parker, Gunyana 22, 1692
- Alice Parker, Gunyana 22, 1692
- Ann Pudeator, Gunyana 22, 1692
- Wilmot Redd, Gunyana 22, 1692
- Margaret Scott, Gunyana 22, 1692
- Samuel Wardweel, Gunyana 22, 1692
Miedzo yehunyanzvi panorama
Zviitiko zvakaitika nezve Salem witch trials zvakapararira kune akawanda arts akadai sekupenda, engraving, cinema, novels kana theatre, sezvazviri nhasi. Zvichida rimwe remabasa akanyanya kukosha Varoyi veSaremu o Chokurovererwa, tamba naArthur Miller yakanyorwa muna 1952 uye yakaburitswa gore rinotevera.
Miller pachake, mwanakomana wevaJudha vokuPoland, akanga ari nyakuvhima muroyi kuma1950s, apo akapomerwa kuva mutsigiri wechikominisiti uye akaramba kupa mazita enhengo dzeboka revanyori vaifungidzirwa kuva vakabatana neBato rechiKomonisiti. Pasinei nedzvinyiriro yaakanga anayo, kuti akanga asingatombokwanisi kupinda gungano rekutanga remamwe emabasa ake, haana kupa mazita. Akawanikwa aine mhosva yokuzvidza Congress nokuda kwokusadudza mazita iwayo, asi United States Court of Appeals yaizobvisa mutongo iwoyo muna 1958. Murwendo rwose urwu aizopa upenyu Varoyi veSaremu.
