Gautama Buddha akati vamwari vetsika vakanga vasiri panzvimbo yavo maererano nehupenyu hwepashure perufu, izvi semaonero ekusunungurwa, sezvo chiBuddha chiri chitendero chisina Mwari, saka kuziva kuti ndivanaani vanamwari vechiBuddha kunokutendera kuti udzidze tsika nedzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana kuti ushanduke, usapotsa.
ChiBhudha
Buddhism yakazvarwa muGuta reIndia pakati peXNUMXth neXNUMXth mazana emakore BC. C., ikoko yakakwanisa kupararira kune zhinji dzeEast Asia uye kuita kwayo kwakadzikira munyika yekwakabva mukati meMiddle Ages.
Tinofanira kutanga nekuziva kuti kunyanya Buddhism chitendero chinozivikanwa pasi rose, chine dzidziso yehuzivi uye yemweya isingateveri Mwari zvachose. "Non-theism" ndiwo ese mafungu asingafungi kana kufunga pasi pekutenda kwemusiki kana Mwari akazara, pane musiyano mukuru pakati pevasingatendi kuti kuna Mwari nevasiri vateist, mune yekupedzisira vanobvuma zvitendero zvevamwari uye / kana masangano epamusoro. , semidzimu, zvisinei kuti ivo vanocherechedzwa sevanhu vanochinja.
Vamwe vazivi, kusanganisira vafungi vechiBuddha, vanoti dzidziso dzechiBuddha dzakavakirwa pakusaramba kana kubvuma kuvapo kwaMwari musiki, zvichisimbisa dzidziso dzemuvambi wechiBuddha, Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha). Uyezve, kune mapoka akasiyana-siyana epfungwa, akadai sechiTibetan Buddhism.
MaBuddha mazhinji anobva kuzvikoro zvakakurumbira, zvakaita seMahayana neVajrayana , vanobvuma uye vanobvuma kuvapo kwezvisikwa sevanamwari vakuru, asi havabvumi kuvapo kwaMwari semusiki chete.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Buddhism ndiyo chitendero chechina chine vateveri vazhinji, vatendi nevarapi, ine vanopfuura mamirioni gumi nemazana manomwe ehuwandu hwepasirese senhengo dzayo, sezvo ichibatanidza uye ichiunza pamwechete zvakasiyana-siyana zvevamwari, tsika nezvitendero zvemweya.
Chine chokwadi ndechekuti maBuddha vanotenda zvakasimba muChokwadi China Chikuru. Izvi zvakaratidzwa kuna Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) paaifungisisa, uye kunyange zvazvo chikoro chega chega chechiBuddha chichichinja dudziro yechokwadi ichi, zvose zvinodzidzisa tsika dzevaya vatichataura pazasi, sezvo vachipa vanamwari vakasiyana vechiBuddha:
Chokwadi Ina Chakanaka
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) paakamuka kubva mukufungisisa kwake kukuru, chaakatanga kuita kwaive kupa hurukuro kune vese vaaifamba navo, yaakadana kuti Dhammacakkappavattana, zvinoreva kufamba kwevhiri redharma, iro raive hwaro hwekutanga hwekugamuchira kutambura; izvi ndizvo zvinonzi chokwadi china chakanaka:
- El dukha, inofanana nokutambura uye kusagutsikana, kubata kwayo kunobva pakuti upenyu hauna kukwana zvachose, zvose mukuzvarwa ikoko, kurwara norufu zviri kutambura, pamwe chete nokubatanidzwa kana kuti kuparadzaniswa nezvinodiwa kana kuti kwete kutambura, kunamatira uye kushuva rudzi urwu rwemamiriro ezvinhu pasina kusingaperi muhupenyu, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vasafare.
- Kwakatangira duhkha zvinoreva chido, kuda, kushuva uye nyota yezvishuwo, kana chero rudzi rwekugutsikana kwemamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvinotipa mufaro, rudzi rwakati rwemunhu, kubudirira, chinangwa, chinhu chenyama kana chemweya, izvo zvinokurumidza kubudisa karma.
- kupera kwe duhkha, inonzi nirvana, zvinoreva kuti kutambura kunogona kudzimwa kana chikonzero chayo chadzimwa, apo chido chekuwana zvatinoshuva zvikuru chinoraswa, zvichiita kuti pave nekuguma kwekuzvarwa patsva.
- Kuzadzisa kupera kwataurwa pamusoro, kune nzira inozivikanwa nehukuru hwayo, iyo inonzi octuplet, nzira iyi inosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sehuchenjeri, kufungisisa, mufambiro wetsika, uye kudzidziswa, kuitira kusunungura kusarura kwekarma ye duhkha.
Vatendi vazhinji vechiBuddha vanoedza nemwoyo wose kukunda duhkha nesamsara , kungave kuburikidza ne nirvana kana nekutevera nzira inoshamisa yechiBuddha, ichitungamirirwa naBuddha, Dharma, neSangha. Kune matavi maviri makuru echiBuddha: Theravada , zvinoreva " chikoro chevakuru," uye Mahayana, zvinoreva "nzira huru."
Zvishongo zvitatu zvakashandiswa nevamwari veBuddhism
MaBuddha ese anoremekedza uye anowana dziviriro yemuviri neyemweya muTriratnas , iyo inoshandurwa kuti "Matombo Matatu": Buddha, Dharma, uye Sangha. Pazasi, tichatsanangura pfungwa dzeMatombo Matatu zvichienderana nemapazi maviri echiBuddha:
Buddha
MuchiBuddha cheMahayana , kune maBuddha akasiyana-siyana akadai saAmitabha naVariochana , vamwe vatsvene vanogara munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, pamwe nezvisikwa zveSupramundane. Sekureva kwechiBuddha ichi, vamwari ava vanogona kutaurwa navo, vachiteerera zvikumbiro zvevanhu vese vari munyika ino. Zvisinei, Buddha ndimambo wemweya anodzivirira uye anotarisira avo vanotenda mubazi iri rechiBuddha.
Kunyange zvazvo ari muTheravada Buddhism , Buddha munhu anenge apedza kutenderera kwake kwekuzvarwa patsva uye kuburikidza neizvi akamuka kuburikidza nekuedza kwake uye pfungwa dzake, zvichienderana nemagwaro ane chekuita nazvo, Buddha chaiye anotambura nekurwadziwa kwemusana nekuda kwehuremu hwehuchenjeri hwaanahwo, hwakaoma kunzwisisa, uye ane masimba makuru epfungwa.
Dharma
Sechinokosha chechipiri, tine chiBuddha chinoita kuti tifunge nezvenzira inogona kushandiswa pakuita rudzi urwu rwechitendero, uye nokuda kweizvi pane Dharma, iyo isiri chinhu kunze kwekudzidzisa kwezvisikwa zvechokwadi senzira yekurarama nayo, yatisingafaniri kunamatira chero nguva, saka hazvisi izvo zvatinotenda zvakasimba mazviri, asi mukuita, senzira ichatitungamirira kumugumo wedu wakafanana.
Zvinonzi chokwadi chichagara chiri chokwadi, uye ndosaka Dharma achionekwa semunhu mukuru wezvisikwa, semunhu anonyanya kuzivikanwa nevanhu vose, nzira yakanakisisa yekuona zvinhu, pamwe chete nemaonero ekare, azvino, uye eramangwana.
sanga
Pfungwa yechitatu iyi, sedombo rinokosha, ndiyo inogara maBhudha, nzvimbo senzvimbo yemamongi yemamongi nemasisita, avo vakaita sarudzo yekuzadzisa chirango, kukura kwavo pachavo uye kwemweya, sechimiro chakanaka maererano nemitemo nenhungamiro dzaSiddhartha Gautama (Buddha), nekuramba tsika huru dzehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vachingochengeta nguo nendiro chete.
Uye zvakare, vanogadzirira kuparadzira Dharma yaSiddhartha Gautama (Buddha) mumunda wehunhu hwemweya, vachipa dzidziso uye vachichengetedza nharaunda yavo pasi pezvitendero nezvidzidzo zvechiBuddha, sevanhu vakakwidziridzwa vakasvika pakukwirira kwemweya.
Mitemo Mishanu kana Mitemo yeBuddha:
- Usatora zvausina kupiwa.
- Usadye zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa, kukanganisa kana kukanganisa pfungwa.
- Usauraya.
- Chengetedza hunhu hwepabonde hwakakwana, uye zvinoenderana nezvisikwa zvese zvakakukomberedza.
- Usataura nhema, makuhwa, hutsinye, manyepo uye / kana kutaura pasina.
Ndezvipi vamwari veBuddhism?
Pakutanga mungano dzechiBuddha kune zvisikwa zvinonzi Devas, izvo zvisikwa zvinonzwa uye zvinotambura, sezvatinoona isu vanhu; kutaura chokwadi, zvine hupenyu mukumuka kwevakafa uye izvi zvinovapa ruzivo rwakakura, uchenjeri uye hungwaru kupfuura chero munhu upi zvake.
Vanonyanya kuzivikanwa sevanonyanya kukosha munzira yekusangana kwechokwadi nechinangwa chepfungwa dzechiBuddha; zvisinei, tsika iyi inotsanangura kuti Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) ndiye chiedza chisingaperi, chiratidzo chiripo kwese kwese chenyika, uye pamusoro peizvi, ndiye nyanzvi yevamwari ava vechiBuddha, vanomupfuura mukudzidzisa uye maitiro. Unogona zvakare kusangana nezvisikwa zvine simba zvakaita seshiri dzemusango.
Vese vamwari veBuddhism vanogona kuwanikwa zviri nyore mumatemberi mazhinji echiBhudha nemamongi, izvi sezvimiro zvakakosha muzvikoro zvese kuti zvive nyore kuvaziva zvinoratidzwa nemhando dzavo, zviratidzo uye mabviro, izvo zvinopihwa nehumambo hutanhatu hwechiBhudha nezviuru zve. kutenderera kwenyika, vakawanda vaivava vanoramba vachimirirwa savamwari vanogara pasi uye pamusoro penzvimbo yavanhu. Heano vamwari vanonyanya kukosha veBuddhism:
Daitoku Myō-ō
Inowanikwa kumadokero, hunhu hwayo hukuru ndehwekuva Mwari wedziviriro nekukunda, ine simba rekuve nesimba pamusoro pemadhiragoni, nyoka, pamwe nekugumisa uipi kuti ive yakanaka. Chitarisiko chayo chezviso zvitanhatu, makumbo matanhatu, maoko matanhatu ane minondo nemapfumo, inoramba yakatasva pamusoro pemhou chena.
Fudō Myō-ō
Anonzi mwari anomuchengetedza muBuddhism, mambo weuchenjeri, sezvo ari mumwe wevanamwari vana vari pamativi mana makuru. Anoremekedzwa muBuddhism yeJapan, uye muChina neJapan anonzi Acalanatha . Hunhu hwake hwemuviri hunosanganisira munondo unopfuta muruoko rwake rwerudyi netambo muruboshwe, yaanoshandisa kusunga madhimoni nekununura shamwari dzake. Marimi ake anofananidzira hondo yake negehena.
Gōzanze Myō-ō
Uyu Mwari wekururamisira anopikisana nehasha, kutsamwa uye muvengi wekusaziva, anotungamira vamwari vanodzivirira. Mukati memaitiro ayo emuviri ane zviso zvitatu, izvo zvinoratidza kutyisidzira, inewo maoko matanhatu nemakumbo maviri, inotakura zvombo zvepamusoro mune imwe neimwe yemaoko ayo.
Gundari Myō-ō
Mumwe mwari anoremekedzwa anochengetedza ari kumaodzanyemba. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa muchiBuddha cheVajrayana , anotaurwa nezvake semunhu ane maoko masere, ane zvombo, uye ane zviso zvitatu zvinotyisa. Nyoka dzakamukomberedza mutsipa nemakumbo.
Kongo-Yasha Myō-ō
Inotangira pachitendero cheShingon chechiBuddha cheJapan, inoramba iri Mwari anodzivirira anomiririra simba uye simba, inomiririrwa nezviso zvitatu zvinotaridzika sezvinotyisa uye ine maoko matanhatu, mune mimwe mifananidzo inomiririrwa nechiso chimwe chete nemaoko mana, ari kuchamhembe.
vamwari vetibetan
Vanotongwa nemutungamiri wezvematongerwo enyika wevanhu vese vekuTibet, anozivikanwa saDalai Lama , uyo anoonekwa semutungamiriri mukuru wezvemweya. Zvikoro zvakawanda zvine zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana uye zvinosiyana zvichienderana netsika dzavo dzezvemweya. Tsika iyi yakapararira pakati pevanhu vekuMongolia neveTibet. Dalai Lama mudzidzisi anoremekedzwa zvikuru, akakurira muHimalaya dzechiBuddha.
Ine chikamu chakakosha kwete chete mune zvechitendero, asiwo mune zvemagariro evanhu nehupfumi zveTibet, ichifukidza misoro yemukati mezvikoro zvayo zvese, sezvo nemutongi wega wega anopiwa zita reutsvene hwake uye mukati meDalai Lama mune ruzivo rwetsika dzekudzivirira kutora kwake chikamu semutungamiri nesimba, inova tsika nenhaka.
Chiratidzo cheLama chakabatana zvikuru nemafungu echiBuddha anozivikanwa zvikuru kuMadokero, uye muna 2011 umambo hwakasarudza kupa hutungamiriri hwemweya sezvakatangwa netsika dzahwo.
samsara
Mutsika dzechiBuddha, kune pfungwa yeSamsara , iyo yakavakirwa pamatunhu matanhatu, imwe neimwe ine hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana. Pfungwa iyi inoti mweya yese inoberekwa patsva mushure mekufa, nzira inozivikanwa serumuko. Maitiro aya anonzwisiswa kuti anoitika muzvikamu zvitatu, anozivikanwa semidzi mitatu yekusava nehutano: kusada, kuchiva, uye kusaziva.
Bhuku rinonzi Samsara rinotaura nezvekuzvarwa patsva nguva dzose , uko mazinga, umambo, kana nyika zvisina kuenzana asi zvakasiyana zvachose. Chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa panyaya iyi mutsika dzechiBuddha kushandurwa kwezvikonzero zvinosunga zvisikwa zvose, zvakaita sekusanzwa uye kubatana, kuita pfungwa dzakavhurika uye dzakanyarara. Izvi zvinokwezva avo vanoita chitendero ichi.
Humambo hweUnderworld Beings – Naraka
Gehena, mushure mekufa, purigatori kana pasi penyika yave ichionekwa senzvimbo yekusuwa, mitoro, kusuruvara, kurwadziwa, kurwadzisa, kutambudzwa, pakati pevamwe uye inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakaderera dzeumambo; asi kune vaBuddha zvakasiyana zvachose, inzvimbo iyo vagari vasiri vasungwa, vanosangana nezviitiko zvakakura kuti vabvise karma yakaipa yavakararama muhupenyu hwavo hwese, nenzira iyi ndeyechinguvana zvachose, sezvo vachigona kubva. nzvimbo ino.
Nyika Yemidzimu kana Zvipoko – Preta
Mutsika dzechiBuddha mune iyi nharaunda inonzi "consumerism", umo zvisikwa nezvisikwa zvinogara munhamo yakazara, ivo vane udyire, vane makaro, uye vanosiririsa, mukuparara zvachose, kwakavakirwa pazvishuvo nezvishuwo izvo zvaisagona kuzadzikiswa.
Zvisikwa izvi hazvigone kunakidzwa nekudya chikafu, kunyangwe kana vachidya zvachose, vanonzwa kusagutsikana uye kuchengetedza chishuwo chekudya, mumifananidzo yehunyanzvi vanokweverwa sezvisikwa zvine mitsipa mirefu, mitete uye yakachenuruka kwazvo, iyo inoratidza mamiriro ekuva nezvipoko zvine nzara. .
Humambo hweMhuka – Tiryak-Yoni
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rayo, muumambo uhwu zvisikwa zvipenyu uye zvisikwa zvisiri vanhu, zvakajeka mhuka, pachena, pasina chero njere, vanoita nekuziva zvavanoita, zvisinei kuti havanetseki kuti kuedza kwavo kunobatsira kune chero munhu upi zvake. vanogara vachienda mberi kuti vawane zvavanoda.
Humambo Hwevanhu – Manusya
Ndiyo nzvimbo yakakosha yepfungwa kune vese vanodzidzira tsika dzechiBhudha, sezvo nzvimbo iyi yakavakirwa pakuda, rudo uye chishuvo kune zvinhu zvakanaka, ndiyo imwe yeakanakisa pakugona kwayo uye mikana yekukwanisa kukura mupfungwa, asi. mukuwedzera kuna ikoku, ndangariro dzinobudiswa pano, zvikurukuru idzo dzinowanwa muumambo hwavamwari.
Nyika yeVamwari - Devas
Vanhu vanofa vakaita vamwari vanogara pano, ihwo humambo hwakafarirwa zvachose hwerufaro uye mufaro, kudada kwemunhu kunotonga, mukati mehunhu hwavanahwo simba uye simba, sekunge vaive vamwari uye / kana vamwari vengano. Asi kunyangwe vari vamwari, nekuti ivo vanofa havatenderwe kuve vakuru kana vasiki vamwari.
Hunhu hwavo hukuru tariro, vanoshuvira kukunda uye ego, vanowana kubudirira nyore uye kana vangowanikwa, vanove vanoyevedza, zvikasadaro vanoramba vasina kukwana.
Nyika yevaDemigods - Asuras
Nyika iyi inotongwa nehondo dzemauto, godo revarwi pakati pavo; avo vanogara munyika iyi vane hupenyu hunofadza, asi vanoitira godo avo vanogara munyika yeDevas nekuda kwekuzvitenda kuti zvisikwa zvakaderera kwavari, sezvinoita vanhu vanoona nyika yemhuka muTiryak -Yoni , pano ma karma anoratidzwa sechirongwa chekumuka kwevakafa chakafanana neSamsara.
mwarikadzi anodzivirira
Vanamwari ava vanozivikanwa nekuda kwekudzivirira kwavo kune avo vanovadana, vanonzi Tārā , uye vanobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nechitendero chechiBuddha, zvinoreva pfungwa yeamai verusununguko, pamwe nehumwe hunhu hwakadai setsitsi, hunhu, kubudirira mubasa uye zviitiko.
Zvinonzi mwanasikana wamambo azere neuchenjeri, anoyemurwa uye anodiwa, shanduro yechikadzi yevamwari vechiBhudha, kana vari vaKatorike iye Mhandara Maria, ane mwari uye anoremekedzwa munyika yose, nokuda kwechiBuddha ava vamwarikadzi vanorairidza vamwe uye nokuda kweichi chikonzero. vane rubatsiro rukuru uye kubatana mukuita kwetsika iyi.
Vamwe vamwarikadzi vechiBuddha vechikadzi
Kuti udzidze zvimwe zvishoma nezvevamwe vamwarikadzi vane pesvedzero mutsika yeBuddhism, heano mamwe akanyanya kukosha, ane maitiro avo:
Mwarikadzi Ekajati
Ndiye mumiriri wehuchenjeri, anoratidza banga mubvudzi rake dema, chifuva uye ziso. Mubatsiri wezvakanaka pane zvakaipa, inokweva nemirazvo yemoto, inomiririra kukunda kwayo kwakakwana.
Green Tārā Goddess
Mudzimai wemuBuddha wekutanga weTibet, Songtsen Gampo , aizivikanwa nekudzidzisa dzidziso dzakanaka uye nzira dzekuita zvinhu, anomiririra dziviriro kubva kunjodzi nezvakaipa, anogumisa zvese zvisina kugadzikana kumunhu uye chero ani zvake anomudana nekutenda nekuzvipira, anopa hutsvene nekuporesa.
Mwarikadzi Kurukulla
Uyu mwarikadzi ndiye anotarisira kubatana kwevakaroorana; Kana iwe uchida kuwana simba, dziviriro uye shanduko, zvikumbiro uye mutero zvinofanirwa kubhadharwa kune uyu mwarikadzi weBuddhism. Iine ruvara rweganda dzvuku, maoko mana uye inobata mhete yebhuruu yekudzivirira iyo inoita kuti mweya yakaipa uye vamwari vanokuvadza vatize.
Mwarikadzi Maching Landrop
Chod Mahamudra ndiye aive muteveri wekutanga ; aive mukadzi ane hunhu hwakasimba uye hwakatsunga hwechitendero, uye amai vemaBuddha eMakore Matatu, ambotaurwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa chino.
Mwarikadzi Norgyuma, Yellow Tārā
Uyu mwarikadzi akanaka anogona kupa hupfumi, huzhinji, budiriro uye rombo mune zvese zvikamu, zvese zvemweya nezvenyama, zvakare budiriro yedenga kune zvisikwa zvese zvipenyu munyika, kuburikidza nepfungwa nemoyo.
Mandarava Goddess
Aizivikanwa semuDakini , wedzidziso yechiBuddha yeIndia, nekuda kwekuva mumwe weshamwari dzaPadmasambhava, uye akazova mupi wezano wevamwari vechiBuddha.
Mwarikadzi Marici
Inonyanya kukumbirwa nevatendi vanofamba, inomiririra mambakwedza ezvisikwa. Suduruka zvipingamupinyi uye ine misoro mitatu, imwe yakatsvuka, imwe chena, uye yechitatu inguruve, ine maoko masere akabata zvombo uye zvinhu zvekudzivirira zvakaita setambo nemapfumo, yakagadzikwa pachigaro chinodhonzwa nenguruve nomwe vatema. .
Mwarikadzi Salgye Du Dalma
Paunenge uchidzidzira yoga, kufungisisa kana isu tichida kuva nekuzorora uye nehope dzakadzama, mwarikadzi uyu anokumbirwa, kuti adzivirire chiroto chinoyera isu takarara, nenzira iyi runyararo runowanikwa.
Mwarikadzi Samantabhadri
Ndiye mwarikadzi anofananidzira kusava nechinhu, kutanga kwekuchena seruvara chena uye akashama zvachose, anomiririra kuchena uye anozivikanwa zvikuru mutsika dzechiBuddha se "mukadzi wese akanaka".
White Tārā Goddess
Uyu mwarikadzi agere muchimiro chokufungisisa, tsoka imwe yakazorora paruva duku relotus, ziso rake retsitsi rakazaruka, pamwe chete nemichindwe yake miviri. Zvinoreva dziviriro, anotonga mudziviriri wevarombo, anopa zvipo zvakadai sedziviriro yemanzwiro, ruregerero uye tsitsi.
Mwarikadzi Palden Lhamo
Ndiye mwarikadzi ega anoremekedzwa nemamongi ekuTibet, sezvo achionekwa semutsvene weLhasa neDalai Lama . Ganda rake dema nebhuruu, ane tsiye dzinopfuta moto nendebvu. Akabata kapu yakagadzirwa neuropi hwemwanakomana wake (sechiito chepabonde chaakaita). Akakomberedzwa netambo dzakagadzirwa nemisoro uye akapfeka dhisiki rezuva rakajeka uye rinoyevedza paguvhu rake.
Mwarikadzi Tsongkhapa
Nekuda kwengowani yake yeyero, yakachengeterwa Gelugpa , uye maoko ake ari panzvimbo yevhiri rinotenderera redzidziso, anoonekwa zviri nyore uye anosiyaniswa nevamwe vamwarikadzi mutsika dzechiBuddha. Mwarikadzi uyu anonyatso nyorwa semunhu muTibetan Buddhism; bakatwa riri padivi pake rinomiririra uchenjeri, sezvinoita ruva relotus.
Mwarikadzi Vajrapani
Mumwe wevamwari vatatu vevamwari vechiBuddha vanochengetedza Buddha ndimwarikadzi Vajrapani , mwarikadzi wesimba. Akapfeka korona uye ganda rengwe rakaputirwa pamusoro paro. Muruoko rwake rwerudyi, akabata vajra yeTibet (rudzi rwebhero), uye kuruboshwe rwake, lasso yaanosunga nayo uye kubata vavengi vese vetsika dzechiBuddha. Akakomberedzwa nemirazvo yemoto sechiratidzo chesimba rake pamusoro pezvakaipa.
Kwan Yin Mwarikadzi weNgoni
Uyu mwarikadzi anoremekedzwa zvikuru anozivikanwa saBuddha wechikadzi mukati mevamwari veBuddhism mutsika, ndiye mukadzi anoera muchitendero, sezvo achimiririra tsitsi netsitsi, pamwe nekuve mwarikadzi wekubereka, Saamai vevose uye a. mukadzi, anodzivirira vakadzi nevana vose pamusoro pezvose.
Vatendi vazhinji nevanoita zvechitendero vanoti ndiye kuzvarwa patsva kweMhandara Maria muCatholic; vatendi ava vanoti haana kupinda kudenga nekuti haana kubudirira mukusunungura munhu wese kubva mukutambudzika kwake.
zviuru zvezvombo
Mwarikadzi uyu anoremekedzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nemazita akasiyana uye anoshandiswa pazvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, muIran neJapan anonamatwa saKannon uye anomiririra hutsvene, nepo munzvimbo tsvene dzeTaiwan achifanira kuiswa paatari huru nekuda kwekuremekedzwa. MuChina, pamwe nemuTibet, Northwest Asia, neSoutheast Asia, ndiye mumwe wevamwarikadzi vakakosha uye vekare.
Chinobatanidza zvese zvaanomiririra chiratidzo chehutsvene, ruregerero, uye tsitsi. Ndiye zvakare ane basa rekushandura maBuddha Shakyamuni naMaitreya . Muzvikoro zvechiBuddha, anochengetwa mudzidziso dzavo dzese mukuraira nekuita mabasa anotungamira mukuwana ruponeso kuburikidza nerubatsiro rwake, achiyeuka kuti Buddha munhu akafanana nevamwe vese uye, saivo, anogona kusvika ku nirvana.
esoteric
Ndiye mwarikadzi uyu anoshevedzwa kana pasina runyararo, ndiye anowanwa zvikurusa munzvimbo tsvene ipi neipi, sezvo achitofumurwa muatari dzemhuri. Inoratidzwa sechiratidzo chemukadziwo zvake, anopfeka korona muchimiro chaBuddha, mumaoko ake ane zvinhu zvinodzivirira, ruva romuouki nematavi emikonachando.
Vanamwari veBuddhism muchimiro chenzou
Mutsika dzechiBuddha, nzou dzinoremekedzwa zvikuru. Mhuka idzi dzine simba, simba, uye hurefu dzinomiririra zvisikwa zvitsvene. Dzinoonekwa semadzitateguru apo nyika yakabuda kuti ishanduke. Miviri yavo inomiririra nyika, uye makumbo avo mana akasimba, ane simba anomiririra zvinhu zvina zvinotsigira huremu hwenyika. Mhuka idzi dzine mweya, sezvakaita kuvapo kwechiedza.
Dzidziso dzechiHindu dzinoti mwari anoshamisa ane musoro wenzou Ganesha akatanga mushure menjodzi huru yepasi rose, akabata mwanakomana wake wekutanga, ndokumuzora mukaka wenzou mutsvene pamwe chete nesandalwood paste kuti agadzire vamwe vana vake.
Zvinotendwa nezve nzou dzechiBhudha
Tevere tichadoma zvinotendwa uye zvikumbiro zvinoshandiswa nevatendi ve nzou dzechiBhudha:
- Nhamba idzi dzinoshandiswa kudzivirira, rombo rakanaka mubhizinesi nemudzimba.
- Vadzidzi vanokukumbira kuti uvadzivirire, uvabatsire uye uvajekese mubvunzo dzese.
- Icho chiratidzo chakakwana che symbiosis kana kuchinjana kwesimba.
- Zvinounza kuchengeteka, kubudirira uye chokwadi mune zvinenge zvichiitwa.
Humwari uhu hwakakosha zvikuru, pamusi wegore rino mutambo mukuru unoitwa uchipa chikafu chakawanda, maruva nemichero kuna Mwari uyu. Mutsika iyi inodyiwa yakawanda uye chikafu chinotakurwa kumahombekombe eIndian Ocean kuti chitakurwe nemasaisai.
Sekureva kweIndian Buddhism, makore anopfuura 500 BC, Mambokadzi Maya akagamuchira chiratidzo kubva kune dzimwe nzou chena, uye mushure memwedzi mipfumbamwe yekuzvitakura akabereka mwanakomana aizova mambo mukuru, mudziviriri akatendeka wevanhu vese.
Ndipo paakazvara Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), sezvakafanotaurwa nevazivi venyeredzi vamambo, vachiti mwanakomana aizoberekwa aizova mambo wenyika uye mudziviriri wevanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, nekuda kwenyaya iyi nzou dzinoremekedzwa uye dzinoonekwa sedzitsvene mutsika dzechiBuddha.
Vamwari vanonyanya kukosha veBuddhism
Muchikamu chino chechinyorwa ticharatidza nenzira yakapfava mamwe maBuddha ane zvaanoreva, manhamba nehumambo:
Shakyamuni
Iye ndiye wenhoroondo Buddha, akararama zvishoma kana zvishoma kutenderedza gore 600 BC, anoremekedzwa zvakanyanya semuvambi mukuru wechiBhudha uye anomiririrwa zvakakodzera nebvudzi rebhuruu nekuda kweaura inomutenderedza zvachose, agere munzvimbo yekufungisisa uye. pamakumbo ake ane mbiya yekupemha yakabatwa neruoko rweruboshwe, ruoko rwerudyi rwakagara pasi runodaidza pasi kuti ripupure.
Uyu Buddha anofunga kuti nyika uye/kana pasi rinofanira kuita sechapupu kunzira yake isingakanganisi yechiedza mukati mevamwari veBuddhism.
Maitreya
Izvo zvakapesana neiyo yapfuura bhudha, sezvo inomiririra Buddha yeramangwana, ndiyo yekupedzisira bhudha yepanyika yechina neyezvino nguva, inoumbwa semudzidzisi mukuru uye anofanirwa kuve ari kutungamira kutungamira vanhu kumashure. kuchiBuddha.
Inogara pasi netsoka dzese dziri pasi, sezvo nenzira iyi inogona kumira nekugara pasi panguva imwe chete uye ichiratidza zvichauya. Inopfeka korona yemaruva akakomberedzwa, ine chiratidzo muruoko rwayo chinoratidza Dharmacakra , iyo muBuddhism inoreva dzidziso.
Avalokiteshvara
Zvinoshamisa kuona mwari uyu waBuddha, sezvo misoro yake gumi nerimwe nemaoko ake zviuru chete zvichimuita kuti asaenzane nevamwe vaBuddha. Zvisinei, anomiririra tsitsi, sezvo achionekwa semutsvene wevaTibet. Ndiye mwari wechiedza, uye hunhu hwake hukuru ndehwekunamata kwake kwakadzama; haana kupinda muNirvana kuti abatsire vanotambudzika uye avatungamirire kuruponeso.
Parizvino kune mifananidzo inopfuura zana nemasere (108) yamwari uyu Buddha Avalokiteshvara , asi vese vane korona yakaiswa pamusoro pekupedzisira inova ndiyo yepamusoro-soro, izvo zvinoita kuti ionekwe zvakanyanya.
Manjushri
Anonyatso zivikanwa saBuddha wehuchenjeri uye mabhuku echiBhudha, zvinoreva chiratidzo chakakura kune vadzidzi vanotenda veBuddhism, ndivo vanomukumbira nekumuremekedza kuti avape zvipo zveruzivo neuchenjeri. Anotakura chinyorwa kana bhuku pamusoro peruva duku relotus uye munondo unocheka zviratidzo zvisingazivi zveruzivo rwetsika, anoteverwa zvakanyanya nemamongi ose uye vadzidzi veBuddhist tsika.
Chikumbiro chinoitwa kuti chipe ndangariro, ruzivo, runyararo uye zvakare simba guru rekududzira zvinyorwa.
Mahakala
Ndiye mumwe wevadziviriri veiyi tsika yechiBhudha, uyu Mwari weBuddhism anoreva zvipoko, madhimoni uye masangano ekuwedzera akachinjirwa kuBuddhism, anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutsamwisa kwake munhu uye hukuru hukuru hwezvivezwa zvake.
Mahakala Buddha anowanikwa mumifananidzo yakamira yakatwasuka, nemaziso matatu uye muruoko rwake rwerudyi ane banga revajra raanobvisa naro maitiro asina kunaka netsika dzakaipa; muruoko rwake rweruboshwe akabata kapu yakaita sedehenya, muruoko rwake rwekumashure akabata ngowani yetricorn negudo, akapfeka ganda rengwe uye korona yake ine matehenya mashanu, ayo anomiririra ruvengo, makaro, kusaziva uye godo, maari anogadzira mishonga uye anobvisa zvachose manzwiro aya.
padmasambhava
Anozivikanwa nekuzvarwa kubva paruva re lotus, anozivikanwawo sa Guru Rinpoche , uye anozivikanwa nekuvamba chiBuddha cheTibet chemazuva ano. Hunhu hwake hwakasiyana hunosanganisira ngowani ine nzeve dzakatenderedzwa, ndebvu, uye vajra (tsvimbo yakaita sedhaimani) muruoko rwake rwerudyi uye tsvimbo yemashiripiti ine trident inopfuta pamuromo wayo kuruboshwe rwake.
Palden Lhamo
Anozivikanwa nekuva iye ega mukadzi ane chinzvimbo chepamusoro pakati pevamwari vese vechiBuddha; ndiye muchengeti uye muvimbisi wezvese zvinodiwa netsika iyi; anoonekwa semutsigiri wevanhu vechitendero vanopfeka ngowani dzeyero, kunyanya muchikoro cheGelugpa cheTibetan Buddhism.
Mufananidzo uyu unoratidzwa wakaiswa panyurusi mugungwa reropa, wakakomberedzwa nezvishwe zvetambo dzeyero ine misoro gumi nemishanu yakachekwa, yebhuruu nedema, inoratidza mazamu ari kugwedera, muruoko mune mukombe une mukombe. yakagadzirwa nedehenya rendebvu dzemwanakomana wake netsiye zviri mumoto.
vajrapani
Ndiyo chiratidzo chikuru chesimba mutsika iyi yekare uye inozivikanwa pasi rose, inowanikwa pamwe chete nevamwari vechiBuddha: Avalokiteshvara , ane tsitsi naManjushri ane uchenjeri; vatatu ava vanoumba zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvinochengetedza Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha), mufananidzo wayo wakakomberedzwa nemoto uye unomiririra hunhu hweDharmapal.
Uyu Buddha anopfeka korona uye anopfeka ganda retiger raanozvifukidza naro, muruoko rwake rworudyi anotakura vajra uye muruoko rwake rworuboshwe lasso hombe kuti abate vavengi vose naavo vanopokana neiyi dzidziso yorudzidziso, vachiumba vamwari veBuddhism.
Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa pamusoro pevamwari veBuddhism
Kana tichitaura nezveBuddhism, zvakasiyana zvisingazivikanwe zvinomuka, ndosaka mimwe yemibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa iri:
- Pane munhu angava muBhudha here? Hazvirevi kuti maBhudha ane mitemo uye / kana zvigadziro zvekukwanisa kuita chitendero ichi, zvakakwana kuti uve nemaitiro anowirirana, pasi pedzidziso dzakabudiswa neBuddhism, kuti uve wetsika iyi yeBuddha. Kana kuti zera chairo haridiwi, kungova nechido uye kutendiswa kwakasimba kwekuda kutevera nzira iyi zvakakwana.
- Sei mamwe mamongi akapfeka orenji uye mamwe maroon? Izvi zvinoenderana nechikoro cheBhudha tsika yekudzidziswa kwavanodzidza uye/kana kudzidzira, zvinoenderanawo nedanho rekufambira mberi uye nedanho remumongi mukudzidziswa kwake.
- Kana ndichida kuenda kunyika yechiBuddha, chii chandinofanira kuziva? Chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha ndechekuti ivo vanoziva kuti vanofanirwa kuchengetedza ruremekedzo zvinoenderana nenyika idzo, pikicha yavanofuratira kumufananidzo kana kuti munhu wacho anoratidzika kuita zvakafanana, kwavari imhosva huru, kunyangwe. kutorwa semhosva.
- Buddhism uzivi here kana kuti chitendero? Parizvino inoonekwa sehuzivi hwehupenyu, uhwo hunoenderana nerumwe chitendero nezvitendero, pamusoro peizvi zvinotikurudzira kuti tinzwisise mamiriro epfungwa anoitika zuva nezuva, zvakare zvakanaka kuziva kuti zvakare inotiratidza. mararamire uko kunobatsira ndiko kwakanakira vanhu vese.
Rufu maererano nemaBhudha
Kana zvasvika parufu, kune maBuddha chokwadi ichi chinongosarudza kupfuudza kune humwe hupenyu, huchaumba kuberekwa patsva kusvika paNirvana , inova paradhiso yemaBuddha, uye zvinoitika kana munhu apedza kudzidza kwake uye atowana huchenjeri hwemweya hwakakwana hwekufungidzira chokwadi chezvose zvakasikwa, kutaura chokwadi, tsika yemariro yeBuddha inonzi "Nzira yekufamba".
Kana munhu ava pedyo nerufu, anoverengerwa Bhuku reVakafa , rinonzi Bar-do'i-thos-grol . Kuverenga uku kunopa makiyi nenhungamiro dzekutevedzera parwendo rwekuenda kuNirvana . Izvi zvinotora mazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe (49), apo michero nezvinwiwa zvinoiswa zuva nezuva kumweya wevakafa.
Imwe sarudzo ndeyekupisa chitunha, kana kuvigwa mumvura zvinogamuchirwawo, zvichibvumira zvakasikwa kusarudza mugumo wemutumbi wemufi, kuitira kuti mhuka nemaitiro echisikigo zviore mutumbi. Minamato inoitirwa muzita raSiddhartha Gautama (Buddha), uye jira jena rinoiswa pachiso kwemazuva matatu kudzivirira kukanganisa maitiro acho. Mushure menguva iyi, mutumbi unoiswa mubhokisi kuti uonekwe.
Rufu runopembererwa nekurangarirwa gore negore uye panguva yekusvitsa makore makumi mana nemapfumbamwe (49) emushakabvu, mhemberero huru inoitwa.
Mashoko echiBuddha
Pane mazwi akakosha aBuddha atinogona kutaura kwaari, sezvo achave erubatsiro rukuru rwemanzwiro uye kufungisisa kwekuzviziva, pazasi ndemamwe acho:
- "Kana iwe usingaoni kuti uri kukura mukati, usamira kufunga kuti hausi kushanduka ... kune zvinhu zvinoshandura mukunyarara zvachose."
- "Chokwadi sarudzo ichagara iri yako ... pakati pekutambura kusingagoneki uye kurwadziwa kusingagadzirike."
- "Tarisa pane mufaro wekugara munzvimbo yaunogara nhasi uye unakirwe nenguva yako yazvino."
- "Zvose zvatiri zvichagara zvakagadzirirwa ... zvatiri kunze uye zvatichava mukati, saka chengetedza zvose."
- "Zvichagara zviri nani kukwana uye kuzvichengeta ... pane kuedza kutarisira uye kuenderana nenyika."
- "Kana chimwe chinhu chichikukonzera kusagadzikana, kushungurudzika uye kutambura ... usakonzerese kune avo vakakupoteredza."
- "Pfuma haisi mune avo vane yakawanda ... iri mune avo vanoda zvishoma kubva kune vamwe."
- "Paunenge uchida kunzwisisa zvakawanda ... zviri nani kukanganwa zvakawanda zvakaenzana."
Mhedziso
Sezvakaonekwa munyaya ino, vanamwari vechiBuddha vanomiririra zvisikwa zvine simba, zvine hunhu nemweya, zvakazara nesimba uye, pamusoro pezvose, dzidziso dzekupa nekuzivikanwa nevanhu vese. Vanochengetedza mararamiro avo pamatanho ese. Vanamwari vechiBuddha vakapfuura, uye vakasiyanawo nenyika yevanhu, zvichijekesa kuti kuva mwari wechiBuddha chimwe chinhu, uye kuva Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) chimwe chinhu.
Paradhiso inosvikwa chete nevamwari ivavo vakafamba munzira yese yekupedzisira. Chinovasiyanisa nevamwari vazhinji ndechekuti havana kusvika kuNirvana nesarudzo yavo, asi nekuda kwechinangwa chavo chakanaka chekubatsira nekugovana uzivi hwehupenyu, uzivi hwakavakirwa mudzidziso dzinokuratidza nzira yakakodzera yekurarama munguva dzino dzekuchinja.
Sayenzi yechokwadi yechitendero ichi iri muvamwari vayo vakuru uye vanoshamisa veBuddhism, ivava kuti kuburikidza nezvipo zvavo uye hunhu chaihwo, vanobatsira vanhu kuwana runyararo rwekushuvira kwavo zviroto nezvinangwa, mukuwedzera kune izvi tichadoma humwe hunhu Chii. kudzidzira chiBuddha kunounza here?
- Kuzvininipisa.
- Kushivirira.
- Runyararo rwepfungwa.
- Rudo.
- Simplicity.
- Simba remukati.
- Impermanence.
- Kushivirira.
- Ndinoremekedza.
- Kuonga.
- Kushanda nesimba.
- Mafungiro akanaka.
Vamwari veBuddhism ndivo vakakwana uye vakakosha zvisikwa kana tichitaura nezve chitendero ichi, nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye hukuru mukutarisana nezvinetso uye zvikumbiro zvakaitwa kwavari, vanounza pamwe chete nerunyararo rwekuwana izvo zvinodiwa, kusimbiswa kwe. manzwiro uye hunhu. , bvisa zvikanganiso uye shandura muono wezvinhu kune zvakasikwa.
Zvino, Buddhism haifanirwe kuvhiringika neHinduism, saka isu ticharatidza mutsauko unotevera, kuitira kuti nenzira iyi upedze ruzivo rwepasirese rwechinyorwa ichi:
- Chitendero cheBuddhism chine muvambi wekutanga uyo ari siddhartha gautama (Buddha), chiHindu hachina muvambi.
- siddhartha gautama (Buddha) ndiye munhu mukuru wevamwari vechiBuddha, nepo muchiHindu vamwari vanokosha zvikurusa vari. Ganesha, Vishnu, Shiva, Kali, pakati pevamwe vazhinji.
- Senzvimbo dzekuzvipira, chiBuddha chine dzimba dzemamongi netembere dzechiBhudha, pagodas, viharas uye stupas, uye maHindu ane tembere chete.
- Pakati pemaitiro anozivikanwa echiBuddhism kufungisisa uye Nzira yeEight Noble Practices, kune rumwe rutivi muHinduism kune kufungisisa, yoga, kufungisisa, jnana uye zvipo mumatemberi.
- Ivo vese vane magwaro matsvene asi Buddhism inotsigira izwi re Iyo Pali Canon uye muchiHindu vanotevera magwaro anoera anonzi The Bhagavad-gita, The Mahabharata, The Puranas and the Ramaiana.
Kufungisisa
Tinofanira kutaura nechokwadi kuti ruzhinji rwevaBhudha haruna chisimba, sezvinoita ruzhinji rwevaMuslim vasiri magandanga. Pasinei neizvi, vakatambudzwa nezvitendero zvevashoma zvakaita seIslam nechiKristu . Zvisinei , ichokwadi kuti chiBhudha, kana chikasanganiswa nezvematongerwo enyika, dzinza, kana rudzi, chinogona kuva nengozi, sezvo zvido izvi zvinopesana zvichamuka, uye vaBhudha vanofanira kuita zvinoenderana nedzidziso dzavo dzavakawana.
Kupedzisa, tinogona kutaura kuti vamwari veBuddhism vane dzidziso dzakapfuma kwazvo, iri imwe yezvitendero zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa pasirese, zvisinei, havasi vanhu vese vanoziva izvo vateveri vavo, vatendi uye adepts vanotenda chaizvo, avo vanoziva uye vanonzwisisa vanoziva izvozvo. tsika yechiBuddha iyi inopfuura chitendero chakadaro.
Sezvo chinhu chikuru ndechokuwana uye kubudirira kukura kwega, pamwe nekukura kwemaitiro akanaka uye mitemo yekugara pamwe chete, umo mutsa, tsitsi uye rudo zvinogona kusimbiswa.
Pasina kukanganwa kuti munhu anonyatsopindirana, mukati uye kunze, munhu anokwanisa kuzadzisa zvinangwa, kubudirira uye mikana yaanoda, achivimba chete nezvishandiso zvinodiwa, kukwanisa kushandisa chitendero, zvematongerwo enyika kana pfungwa anonzwa akasununguka, uye izvi zvinokupa kugadzikana mupfungwa, manzwiro uye kunyange kugadzikana kwemari.
Kana munhu asvika pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa, anova chisikwa chinogovana manzwiro ake neruzivo rwake nekugutsikana kukuru neuchenjeri. Vachanzwisisa nzvimbo yevamwe uye vanopa munhu wese kukosha kwaanoda muhupenyu hwake nenzvimbo yaanogara, vachiva mbiru huru munharaunda ino inochinja uye ine makwikwi, inozivikanwa nekusiyana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi nevanhurume, yatinosangana nayo zuva nezuva. Kuti uwedzere ruzivo rwako uye ubatane nezvisikwa zvakazadzwa nesimba remweya, ungafunga nezvekukumbira ngirozi.