Kutaipa kunopfuura kungoita mabhii. Mafonti ari pamusoro pekuratidzira kwetsika, mudziyo wekutaurirana iyo yakashanduka kwemazana emakore uye yakaratidza eras dzakasiyana, nzanga uye matekinoroji. Kubva pamanyoro ekare kusvika kumafonti edhijitari atinoshandisa mazuva ese, mavara ekunyora anga ari akakosha fambisa pfungwa, manzwiro uye tsika.
Kunyangwe nhasi zvingaite senge ingori nyaya yekunaka, sarudzo yefonti inogona mamiriro ekuti shoko rinodudzirwa sei, kunzwa kwainoita uye maonero atinoita munhu anoaburitsa. Muchinyorwa chino, tichanyura mukati iyo inonakidza nyika yemafonti nemaitiro avo etsika, kuongorora kushanduka kwayo, maitiro akasiyana ekunyora uye mashandisirwo aakaitwa munhoroondo dzakasiyana uye dzenzvimbo. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani mamiriro acho, unogona kubvunza iyo mavambo ekunyora.
Kwakabva manyorerwo ezvinyorwa
Nhoroondo yemataipi inotanga kare muchina wokudhinda, munguva dzainge dzakavezwa mabhii, kupendwa kana kunyorwa nemaoko kuchengetedza ruzivo rwechitendero, rwezvematongerwo enyika kana rwesainzi. Kubva kuMesopotamia kusvika kumanyoro echiRoma, budiriro imwe neimwe yaitora gadziriro yayo yemifananidzo.
Nokuwa kwoUmambo hweRoma, chinjo huru yakaitika. Mavara euncial uye semi-uncial, ayo aitonga macodics muLate Empire, akashanduka zvichienderana nenharaunda dzeEurope uye akapa nzira kune yaizivikanwa se. magwaro enyika. Papyrus ndiyo yainyanya kushandiswa mumazana emakore ekutanga, asi nekukunda kwemaArabu kweEgypt uye kushomeka kwechigadzirwa ichi, matehwe akawedzera kukosha.
Mukati mezana ramakore rechinomwe nerechisere, manyoro eVisigothic, Merovingian neGermany akaoneka., mugumisiro wokushanduka-shanduka kwechikamu cheRoman semiuncial. Kunyange zvazvo vainzi "nyika", ivo chaizvoizvo vaipinda kupfuura zvaidavirwa, sezvo kwaivapo kuchinjana kwetsika pakati penzvimbo dzemamongi. Kutsinhana uku kunogona kusanganisirwa nekusiyana-siyana kwezvitaera zvakazogadzirwa gare gare, senge Persian art.
Kunyora kweCarolingian uye kuvandudzwa kwetsika kwaCharlemagne
Nehushe hweCarolingian muzana ramakore rechisere, sangano idzva rekubatana kwetsika rinozivikanwa seCarolingian Renovatio rakabuda. Nyanzvi dzakadai saAlcuin wekuYork naPaul the Deacon vakakurudzira kusikwa kwetaipa yakajeka uye yakarongeka: script Carolingian.
Tsamba iyi yakadzokera kune yeRoma minuscule style ine inonyoreka aesthetic nekuda kwekugara kwayo, kupatsanurwa pakati pemavara uye mashoma ligatures. Carolina akapararira kuFrance, Germany, Italy uye gare gare kuEngland neHispania, kunyanya mushure meKanzuru yeLeón muna 1080, apo typography yakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo. Yakashanda seyero kwemazana emakore akati wandei uye yaive yakakosha pakuchinja kuenda kuGothic style.
Kubva kuGothic kuenda kuHumanistic Letters: Evolution Munguva yeMiddle Ages
Tsamba yeGothic yakaonekwa muzana ramakore rechi 12 sekushanduka kweCarolingian. Iangular, yakapfupikiswa typeface inoratidzwa nekugadzirwa kwayo kwakawanda, inotungamirwa nekubuda kwemayunivhesiti uye kukosha kwekukopa mabhuku nekukurumidza. Yakasvika pakakwirira muzana remakore rechi13 uye yakararama kusvikira muzana remakore rechi16 munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeEurope.
Paiva nezvakasiyana-siyana: zvinyorwa zveGothic, zvaishandiswa mumabhuku; akatsveyama, ezvinyorwa; uye masitaera ematunhu akadai seItalian Gothic (yakawanda yakatenderedzwa) kana German Gothic (yakanyanya kunongedza). Pakanga pari panguva iyi iyo 'i' yakatanga kusiyanisa zvakajeka kubva kune 'j' kana 'u' kubva kune 'v'., uye mabhii akaita sa'w' na'z' akasumwa.
Visigothic, albalaes, dare uye procedural: Hispanic types
MuIberian Peninsula, kunyora kweVisigothic kwakagara pamwe nekunyora kweCarolingian kusvika muzana ramakore rechigumi nematatu munzvimbo dzakaita seGalicia kana pakati penharaunda dzeMozarabic. Yakanga iine misiyano miviri: cursive uye bhuku minuscule, zvese zvakatorwa kubva kune semiuncial.
Munguva yezana remakore rechi13 kusvika ku17th maitiro matsva ezvinyorwa akabuda akadai iyo albalaes tsamba, dare uye maitiro, rimwe nerimwe rinotungamirirwa nevakuru vehurumende. Aya magwaro akashanduka maererano ne zvido zvekutonga, vachisiya mabhuku akachengeterwa zvimiro zvinonyoreka zvakadai semabhii ohunhu.
Iyo Unicode Standard uye iyo Global Inclusion yeAlphabets
Nekusvika kwezera redhijitari, dambudziko guru raive rekumiririra typographic dzakasiyana siyana dzemitauro yevanhu. Pakutanga, makombiyuta aingotsigira mavara kubva kuLatin alphabet, achisiya mamwe maitiro ekunyora. Izvi zvaireva a kusabatanidzwa kwetsika dzese muchikamu chemagetsi chepasi rose.
Kugadzirwa kweiyo Unicode standard kwakashandura mamiriro aya.. Iyo inounza pamwe zviuru zvemavara uye inokutendera iwe kuti uverenge, kuratidza, uye kugovera zvinyorwa zvakaita seCyrillic, Arabic, Chinese, Armenian, Tifinagh, uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Kunyangwe masisitimu akatsakatika akadai sekunyora kwecuneiform kana Ethiopian Ge'ez vane dhijitari yavo inomiririra.
Nekudaro, kuvepo kweiyo chiyero hakuna kukwana: kuratidza nemazvo mavara ega ega, zvinodikanwa kuve nemafonti anowirirana (digital typefaces) ane iwo. Vamwe vavo vari "pan-Unicode" mafonti, yakagadzirirwa kuvhara maarufabheti akawanda uye kufambisa kubatanidzwa kwetsika. Kukosha kwekusiyana kwakafanana nekusiyana kwe mhando dzenyeredzi muchadenga.
Typefaces zvinoenderana neThibaudeau uye iyo Vox-AtypI kupatsanura
Kana tikatarisa pane zvemazuva ano kudhinda typography, Francis Thibaudeau ndiye akatanga kuyedza kuisa mavara maererano nemaitiro epamutemo.. Sistimu yake inosiyanisa mapoka matatu:
- Serifs: ine magumo kumagumo. Elegant, classic uye nyanzvi.
- Sin serif: inonziwo tsvimbo yakaoma. Yakagadzikana uye yemazuva ano.
- Kushongedza kana kunyorwa nemaoko: yakanangana nemaitiro ekuona.
Maximilien Vox akazogadzira chikamu chakazara, chakagamuchirwa neInternational Typographic Association (ATypI). Inoisa mafonti echiLatin mumhuri dzakadai se:
- Vanhu uye garaldas: rakafuridzirwa nemanyoro eRenaissance.
- Humambo kana shanduko: iwo chaiwo pakati pechinyakare uye chemazuva ano.
- Didonas: yemazuva ano nekusiyana kukuru.
- Mechanical kana Egypt: ine rigid rectangular serifs.
- Linear: inosanganisira sans serif (inotyisa, neo-grotesque, geometric uye humanist).
- Incised, yakanyorwa uye yemanyorero: ine calligraphic kana chitarisiko chako pachako.
- Kutyoka: ornamental gothic.
- Vatorwa: vhara asiri echiLatin alphabets.
Psychology uye kutapurirana manzwiro kuburikidza typography
Haasi mavara ose akaenzana mumaziso emuverengi. Imwe neimwe typeface ine hunhu hwayo iyo inopesvedzera madudziro atinoita mameseji.. Font inogona kuratidza hukasha, kutapira, kuva pedyo kana hutsinye.
Kwazvinobva serifs Vanomutsa tsika, mukurumbira uye chiremera. The isina serif Izvo zvine hukama nemazuva ano, nyore uye hunyanzvi. The sources zvakanyorwa nemaoko kana script Vanogona kuonekwa sevakadzi, vepedyo kana kuti vane rudo. Kune rumwe rutivi, manyuko Kushongedza Vanoda kutariswa, kuve yakanakira mazita kana dhizaini yekugadzira, kunyangwe isinganyatso kunyoreka mumavara marefu.
Sarah Hyndman, mubasa rake Nei Fonts Matter, akadzidza kuti mamwe mataipi anobatanidzwa sei mupfungwa nemafungiro akadai sekunaka. Semuyenzaniso, Mafonti akakomberedzwa ane hukama nekutapira uye angled mafonti nekuvava. Vatengi vakatoratidzwa kuti vanovimba mamwe mafonti seBaskerville kupfuura Comic Sans. Kubatana kwemanzwiro uku kunogona kuita zvakafanana kune ye tsitsi kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvetsika.
Kushandiswa kwetsika nenharaunda kwetaipa
Mazwi acho anotaurawo nyaya dzekuzivikanwa. Arufabheti yechiArabic ndeyekutuka nemasikirwo. uye inoda ligatures yekuona fluidity. MuChinese, hunhu hwega hwega hune chirevo chekufungidzira uye chekunaka. MuAfrica, masisitimu akadai saVai naTifinagh anoratidza midzi yemadzitateguru.
Mukunyora kwePezhiya, kunobva muchiArabic, chimiro chebhii rimwe nerimwe chinochinja maererano nenzvimbo yaro. Kune chikamu chayo, cheCherokee syllabary yakagadzirwa muzana ramakore rechi 19 naSequoyah kuchengetedza mutauro wake wekuzvarwa nezviratidzo zvayo, zvichiratidza maitiro Kugadzira typographic system inogona kuve chiitiko chehutongi hwetsika. Izvi zvinotiyeuchidza kukosha kwekunyora nezviratidzo, se zviratidzo zveperiodic table.
Misiyano yese iyi inoratidza kuti kunyora kunopindura sei kunhoroondo, magariro uye tekinoroji mamiriro enzvimbo yazvinosimudzira. Naizvozvo, typographic dhizaini haisi yekunakisa whim asi muenzaniso mupenyu we kusiyana kwetsika dzevanhu.
Typography muzera redhijitari: personalization uye branding
Typography ikozvino chikamu chakakosha chekugadzira brand. Makambani nemapurojekiti anotarisa mafonti anoratidza kuzivikanwa kwavo uye kubatana nemoyo nevateereri vavo. Kune mafonti akagadzirirwa chete brand (custom fonts), anoshanda sechiratidzo chekuonekwa.
Kusarudza mafonti emasocial media, mawebhusaiti, uye maapplication ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira zviitiko zvinowirirana uye zvinonzwisisika. Inopindura dhizaini inomanikidza mavara kuti chinja kune ese skrini saizi, kuchengetedza mutsauko wakakwana, kupatsanurana uye kuverenga. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kuti typography inodyidzana sei nekumiririrwa kwetsika uye inogona kupesvedzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzehunyanzvi mukugadzira, sezvakakurukurwa mugwaro. K-pop tsika.
Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye typography yakagadzikana
Nhasi, kunyange typographic dhizaini inopesvedzerwa nekugadzikana. Mamwe mafonti akagadzirwa kuti aderedze kushandiswa kweinki mukudhinda kukuru, senge Ecofont, ine dhizaini inosanganisira madiki "maburi" asingaonekwe neziso remunhu.
Digital optimization zvakare inowana kukosha: Mafonti anobudirira anogona kuderedza huremu hwewebhusaiti uye nekudaro mashandisirwo emagetsi emaseva, chimwe chinhu chisingafanirwe kushomeka mune hyper-digitalized planet.
Typography haisi chimiro chete, asiwo basa, chiziviso, tekinoroji uye tsika. Kubva pamanyoro emonastic kusvika pasocial media posts, typefaces inopupurira shanduko yemagariro uye tekinoroji yakaumba budiriro yedu. Kunzwisisa kushanduka kwayo uye kupfuma kunoita kuti tinzwisise kuti mazwi, kunze kwezviri mukati mawo, anovakwa sei kubva pamufananidzo wekuona..