ari Tundra Characteristics vakatsanangura iyi ecosystem segwenga repakati penyika, hunhu hwekuva nekutonhora kwakanyanya, kune mhepo ine simba uye mvura shoma. Tinokuudza kuti vakadii, ivo nzvimbo ye tundras uye zvimwe zvakawanda nezve iyi biome.
Chii chinonzi tundra?
Iyo tundra inzvimbo yebioclimatic, ine miti yayo yakanaka, ine mamiriro ekunze anotonhora uye inogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakatenderedza pasi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzetundra dzine maitiro akafanana zvichienderana nekirasi yavo, kureva kuti, zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemaruva nemhuka dzinopfuura nemunzvimbo idzi, pamwe nekupisa kwavo uye sedimentation.
Iyo tundra biome inowanzoita serenje uye imhaka yemamiriro ekunze anotonhora avanayo, nezvinomera zvakaderera uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana siyana, makwenzi haawanzo kuoneka mazviri. Iyo tundra inozivikanwawo seyakajeka mune dzimwe nyika dze America kondinendi.
Saizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti tundra inzvimbo inocherechedzwa munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anotonhora, mipata yakakura uye makomo uko nyika inowanzoita chando. Maererano nenhamba inobata chikamu chegumi chepasi.
Tundra Characteristics
Iyo tundra ibani risina miti kana mishoma, nekuti zvinomera zvaro zvinokura zvishoma, imhando yebiome ine ivhu rayo rechando uye inofukidzwa nematehwe echando, iyo inokwanisa kuvhara madhaka ese uye inotofukidza makomo anoitika ikoko.
Tundra pasi
Ivhu re tundra rakaomeswa nechando, izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekutonhora kwayo uye mhepo ine simba. Mu tundra ivhu rine chando zvishoma, aya tembiricha echando anowanzo kukwira pamusoro kana pasi pe0º, chero tembiricha yemhepo ichitonhora.
Iyo sediment ye tundra inowanzoita ivhu revhu rakanyoroveswa nemvura uye rine simbi yakawanda, ndicho chikonzero ivo vanowanzova negirini-grey hue.
Kunyange zvazvo sediment ye tundra ine mvura yakawanda, pane dzimwe nguva maruva nemhuka hazvigoni kubatsirwa nazvo, nokuti hazviwaniki nyore pamusoro. Zvichienderana nemhando ye tundra, ice cap inonyunguduka mumamiriro okunze ekupisa.
Mune imwe kurongeka kwemazano, sediments ye tundra inoshaya zvinodiwa zvechisikigo zvinovaka muviri, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi inova nzvimbo isina kufanira yekuisa manyowa.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ivhu re tundra rine yakawanda kabhoni uye izvi zvakavharirwa muvhu rayo rechando, kana sediments ichibviswa, carbon inosunungurwa se carbon dioxide.
Tundra Climate
Kune imwe neimwe yemhando dze tundra dziripo, mumwaka wechando kunotonhora zvakanyanya, ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuti ivhu ravo rinogara riri munzvimbo yakasimba. Munguva yechando the tundra tembiricha inogona kusvika -28ºC.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mumwaka wezhizha, alphine uye arctic tundra dzine mvura yakawanda uye izvi zvinoita kuti zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvikure. Nekuti mamiriro ekunze anogona kusvika madhigirii gumi, nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya, zvakatipoteredza zvinokwezva mhuka dzinotama.
Mhando dzeTundra
Kune marudzi matatu e tundra anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi.
tundra alpha
Ndidzo dziri mumakomo marefu, nekudaro ma blizzards akasimba kwazvo uye mhepo yemuchadenga inorema. Mvura inowanzoyerera nepasi nyore nyore, asi iyo yakareba miti ichiri shrubs.
Antarctic Tundra
Aya ari munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi yeAntarctic nenzvimbo yakatenderedza, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakashomeka, huwandu hwakakura hwezvinomera hunogona kuwanikwa, kuwedzera kune mosses, algae uye lichens.
Iyo flora yenzvimbo ino inowanikwa mumvura uye pasi. Mhuka dzinogaramo zvisimbiso nemapenguin.
arctic tundra
Aya anowanikwa kuChamhembe kweNyika, ane chando chakanyanya kunyura chinodzika pasi pasi nehushasha hunogona kusvika -50ºC mumwaka wechando. Munguva yezhizha, biome inogamuchira mhuka dzinotamira kunzvimbo iyoyo.
Iyo Flora yeTundra
Iyo tundra ine inosvika mazana mana emhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa, pakati peizvi unogona kuwana huwandu hwakawanda hwemosses, shrubs uye lichens. Miti haimere munzvimbo iyi, imhaka yechando chinoitika munzvimbo idzi.
Nzvimbo ye tundra inokodzera kukura kwe mosses, sezvo inokura kusvika inenge 10cm pamusoro pe sediment uye inokwanisa kutsungirira mhepo ine simba ye tundra.
Nekuda kwekusabereka kwevhu mu tundras uye nekuda kwekuti hakuna kukwana kwakaora organic matter mavari, iyo flora inozvarwa chete mune dzimwe pfungwa, kunyanya kune iyo kune yakawanda yemvura uye zvishoma. zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri, izvi ndezviya zvinobatsira mukuberekesa uye kukura kwezvinomera zviripo mu tundras.
Mhuka dzeTundra
ari tundra mhuka, anoshandiswa kumamiriro ezvakatipoteredza enzvimbo, nekuda kwehuzhinji hwehunhu hwavanahwo, pakati pahwo masculature emuviri ane mafuta akawanda anovabvumira kushivirira hunyoro hwenzvimbo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko tinogona kuona kuti vakagadzirira kutsungirira mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, akadai; Dzimwe mhuka dzinogadzira migero mikuru pasi kana kuti muchando kuti dzizvifukidze mumwaka unotonhora zvikuru wegore, sezvinoitwa nemhembwe namakava.
Mu tundras, kune mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodya uswa, dzakadai setsuro, lemming, reindeer uye musk, asi kunewo mhuka dzinovhima dzinodya dzimwe mhuka, semuenzaniso, falcon, chena. bere, mhumhi nemazizi.
Kukosha kweTundra Features
Kuwedzera kwekushisa mumwaka wezhizha kunoderedza ivhu, zvisinei, iyo yakawanda kabhoni inoiswa muvhu, haibvumiri kurasikirwa nechando.
Ndokunge, kana kabhoni ichiri kubatwa, haimiriri njodzi yekusvibiswa, ichi ndicho chikonzero nei zvichinzi tundra inodzivirira nyika kubva pakugona kuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide, inomiririra yakanyanyisa chepfu uye inokuvadza. gasi repasi redu.
MuArctic tundra, uye Antarctic tundra pane kuratidzwa kwezuva, uko zuva rinoramba riripo kwenguva yakareba padenga uye parinovanda rinogadzira kuratidzwa uku kunonzi kuchena husiku kana masikati masikati. Noche.
Kusiyana nekuratidzwa kunze kwezuva repakati pehusiku, mumwaka wechando munzvimbo dziri pedyo nematanda zuva rinovanda kwemazuva uye kunyange mwedzi, naizvozvo usiku hunowedzera, izvi zvinofadza kutonhora kwepamusoro mu tundra.
Kune kumwe kutyisidzira kune ino nyika, imhaka yechimwe chinhu uye hapana chimwe kunze kwekudziya kwepasirese, nekuda kwekunyunguduka kweaizi yepolar, iyo tundra inotyisidzirwa nekugona kuburitswa kwekabhoni dhaidhiodhi iripo mavari. Kunokosha kuziva kuti kushatisa kunowanzotapura pasi redu rose.
Iyo ozone layer inotamburawo, iyo inogona kupera simba munzvimbo dziri pedyo nematanda, ichipa musuo wemwaranzi ye ultraviolet inokonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze tundra dzinodaidzwa kuti lichen, iyo inonyanya kunzwisiswa kune chero mhando yekusvibiswa, nekuti inogona chete kurarama mukuwanda kweokisijeni. Iyi mhuka isina kujeka ndiyo kudya kwenhamba yakawanda yemhuka dzinogara mu tundra.