Buddhism Rites uye Mhemberero: Chii? uye Types

Mitemo yeBuddhism

Mitemo kana mhemberero zviito zvinoitwa mumakore mazhinji pasina kutambura mutsauko mutsika kana chitendero chavo, muBuddhism idzidziso yehuzivi uye yemweya iyo yakafambiswa naBuddha. Mitambo yavo nemhemberero dzakagadzirirwa kurangarira nguva dzekutanga, rufu, gore idzva, nezvimwe.

Chii chinonzi Rites of Buddhism?

Buddhism inopfuura chitendero, nokuti yakapfuma zvikuru muzvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana, miitiro, miitiro, mhemberero nemitambo inoshamisira zvikuru. Dzakawanda dzedzidziso dzakapihwa naBuddha dzinokudzwa uye dzinoyeukwa mune idzi tsika dzechiBhudha. Sechitendero, Buddhism yakapfuma kwazvo, isinganzwisisike uye izere nezvakavanzika zvakawanda, huzivi hwayo hunoshamisa sezvo huchikudzidzisa kurarama hupenyu.

Muvambi wechiBuddha ainzi Siddharta Gautama, anozivikanwawo saSakyamuni kubvira achiri jaya akanga ari werudzi rwaSakya, akaberekerwa muKapilavastu, gore rake rokuberekwa nerufu risingazikanwi, iye pachake akatora zita raBuddha, iro zvinoreva Iye Akavhenekerwa kana Kumuka, uye akatanga kuparidza dzidziso dzake muVaranasi uye muNortheast India yose.

Buddha

Siddhartha Gautama akararama pakati pe40th uye XNUMXth mazana emakore BC. Aive wekuzvinyima uye akazova yogi, murapi, muzivi uye sage. Nedzidziso dzake, akatanga chiBuddha. Akapa dzidziso dzake kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweIndia kwemakore anopfuura XNUMX. Dzidziso idzi dzakanga dzakavakirwa pakutambura uye nzira yokukugumisa nayo kuti usvike kuNirvana.

Pakutanga, akanga ari rutivi rwemhuri youmambo, upenyu hwaakasiya kuti ave mupemhi, uye ipapo akafungisisa ndokurarama somuzvinyiriri, achikwanisa kuwana kuberekwa patsva kwomudzimu. Amai vake vanotendwa kuti vakafa paakazvarwa, zita rake Siddhartha rinoreva "uyo anozadzisa chinangwa chake."

Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vakawanda, akanga ari mugari wenhando ainzi Asita uyo akaongorora mamakisi 32 omwana wacho ndokufanotaura kuti aigona kuva mambo mukuru kana kuti murume mutsvene akadzokororwazve nenyanzvi dzinoverengeka Gare gare, Kaundinya, Brahmin muduku, ndiye akafanotaura kuti aizova Buddha.

Vanhu vekutanga kunyora nezvaGautanma vakazviita semunhu aitsvaga magumo emweya, izvo akazove munhu anozvinyima kana kuti Sramana, mushure mekuodzwa mwoyo nehupenyu hwekunyika. Asi nhoroondo dzehupenyu dzakazobuda pave paya, dzinosimbisa pfungwa inoshamisa pakuita sarudzo iyi, kuve mupemhi anozvinyima. Nhoroondo dzekutanga dzinozivikanwa dzekuda kwemweya kweGautama dzakawanikwa muAriyapariyesana-sutta kana Hurukuro paNoble Quest.

Ipapo vanodonongodza kuti kurega kwake upenyu hweropafadzo kwakanga kuri nemhaka yokuti airangarira kukwegura, kurwara norufu, uye akafunga kuti nokuda kwavo vose kwakanga kune kutiza, kwaakadana kuti Nirvana. Paakaenda, baba vake naamai vokurera vakachema zvisinganyaradzi pamusana pechisarudzo ichi. Siddhartha akararama semuchinda kusvikira ava nemakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe muKapilavastu kusvikira aita chiitiko chezviitiko zvina, kwaakaona kuti kuburikidza nehupfumi uye zvinhu zvenyama hazvisi izvo zvaaida muupenyu hwake.

Chiitiko chekusangana vana chakaitika rimwe zuva paakabva kumuzinda wake kuti aone kuti vanhu vake vairarama sei, uye ari munzira akawana murume akwegura kwazvo, zvino murume airwara, chitunha uye munhu anozvinyima. Kusangana uku kwakamuita kuti aore mwoyo zvakanyanya, saka aida kukunda kuchembera, kurwara uye kufa nekuzvinyima moyo.

Akabuda akatasva bhiza ndokutanga kuva nehupenyu hwekupemha. Sekureva kwevanyori venhoroondo, akatanga kufungisisa neyoga naTenzi Arada Kalama, gare gare akaenda naTenzi Udaka Ramaputa, waakazove nematunhu ekuziva aakadaidza kuti nharaunda yekusakwana kana kusaona.

Nguva dzose aiguma asingagutsikani nedzidziso dzose idzi ndokuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo kundotsvaka ruzivo rutsva, muupenyu hwokuzvinyima, kudya zvokudya zvishoma uye kudzora kufema kwake. Ari mukufunga kudaro akaona mufananidzo wababa vake vari mumunda wakarimwa akaona vachifara. Ikoko akawana fungidziro yaakadana kuti Dhyana uye akaziva kuti iyi ndiyo nzira yechokwadi yokumuka uye kwete upenyu hwokuzvinyima hwakanyanyisa hwaairarama.

Saka akafunga kuti pane nzira yepakati, ine mwero, isina kubva kune hedonism kana opulence kuenda kune mortification, akadana iyi nzira yepakati "The Noble Eightfold Path". Husiku hwemwedzi wakazara akagara pasi pemuonde kana kuti Bhodi, apo akati haaizomuka kusvika awana chokwadi, vamwe vaimutevera vakamurasa nekuti vaifunga kuti asiya zvaaitsvaga.

Akapedza mavhiki ari pasi pemuti, akapedza mazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe arimo, uye akanga atova nemakore makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe okuberekwa paakasvika kwaaiti kumuka kana kuti Bodi, uye ndiwo manzwire aakaita kuti akanga asunungurwa zvachose. Chiitiko ichi chakaitika mumwedzi wechishanu wekarenda yomwedzi, uye kubvira ipapo ave achinzi Buddha kana kuti akamutswa, anogonawo kushandurwa kuti akavhenekerwa.

Mukuwirirana namagwaro ekare zvikuru, apo munhu anova Buddha imhaka yokuti munhu awana zivo huru nhatu: kurangarira upenyu hwekare hwaakanga anahwo, kuva neziso roumwari rinomubvumira kuziva mugumo wekarmic uye nemhaka yokuti akabvisa mundangariro yake zvose. zvinhu zvinokudhakisa. Paanosvika pakumuka kwake anonzwisisa chinokonzera kutambura uye anoziva mapedzirwe ako.

Iyi nzwisiso inozivikanwa sezvokwadi ina dzakaisvonaka, apo dzinozivikanwa nokuziva, mugariro mukurusa worusununguko unozivikanwa zviri nani seNirvana unosvika, uye aiziva kuti vanhu vose vaigona kuusvika. Nokuda kwaBuddha, Nirvana yakanga ichiwana rugare rwendangariro rwakakwana apo munhu akasununguka mukusaziva, makaro, ruvengo uye mumwe mugariro upi noupi wokurwadziwa unotapura ndangariro.

Pashure pokumuka kwake akavamba kuva navadzidzi vaakadzidzisa zivo yake yose kwavari, nokudaro achiumba nzanga yechiBuddha. Kwemamwe makore 45 Buddha akafamba mubani reGanges, pamwe chete nesangha yake, achidzidzisa vanhu vose kubva kune vanotsvaira kusvika kuvakuru, mhondi dzakaita saAngulimala uye kunyange nyama yemunhu Alavaka, aitsigira madzimambo akaita saKosala naMagadha. Makore gare gare kunyange baba vake vakatendeukira kuchiBuddha.

Kupinda kwevakadzi kune kurongeka kwaBuddha, kwakamboita kakurukurirano, sezvo mukadzi wekutanga kuda kutevera sangha aive amai vekurera vaBuddha, Mahaprajapati Gautami, asi akarambwa, iye nevamwe vakadzi vanotevera Buddha munzendo dzake uye dzinopera. kugera bvudzi ravo uye kupfeka hanzu, kusvikira makore mashanu gare gare Buddha abvuma kugadzwa kwemasisita echikadzi, sezvo aifunga kuti varume nevakadzi vanogona kuve nekugona kumwechete kwekusvika pakumuka, kunyangwe ivo vachifanira kutevera 8 mimwe mitemo inonzi gurudharmas.

Mushure memakore makumi maviri ekudzidzisa, akakwanisa kugara muSravasti, guta guru reHumambo hweKosala, kwaaizopedza makore ake okupedzisira. Iyo sangha yakaramba ichikura, saka mitemo yaifanira kusimbiswa iyo yakagadzirwa naBuddha pachake. Iwaya akanyorwa muPratimoska uye aidzokororwa vhiki mbiri dzoga dzoga nenzanga. MaPratimoskas anogadza ese akajairwa etsika mirairo kana zvimiro, iyo mitemo yekutungamira hupenyu mumamongi, akatakura ndiro nenguo.

Buddha akapfuurira kuchembera asi haana kurega kudzidzisa, akanga atotanga kuva nemarwadzo emusana, uye akatanga kupa dzidziso dzake kuvadzidzi vanoverengeka, kuti vazorore, asi imwe hama nomudzidzi waainzi Devadatta aida kutora hutungamiriri hweSangha, paakakundikana kuita kudaro, akazviparadzanisa neboka revateveri ndokuumba hurongwa hwake.

Atova akwegura uye achirwara Buddha anosarudza kuti haakwanisi kusimudzira mutsivi we sangha, asi kuti vose vanofanira kurarama sezvitsuwa zvavo pachavo, kuti ivo vanofanira kuva utiziro hwavo pachavo. Zvichida anofa nechirwere chemoyo kune mesentery yakafanana nevakuru. Mudzidzi wake wekupedzisira muhurongwa hwake aive Subhadda. Mushure mekufa kwake akaremekedzwa nemaruva, mimhanzi uye zvinonhuwira, muviri wake wakapiswa, zvisaririra zvake zvakachengetwa sezvisaririra uye zvakagoverwa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeIndia.

Kune vanyori venhau dzakawanda uye vanhu vanofarira Buddha, kunzwisisa kwekarma nekuzvarwa patsva chikamu chehupenyu pachahwo. Buddha akatsanangura kuti kufa uye kuzvarwa patsva (samsara) inongova chikamu cheDukkha uye chinangwa chikuru ndechekusunungura kutenderera. Karma yakanga iri chimiro chechinangwa chepfungwa, apo pfungwa dzose, mazwi uye zviito zvinobva kune unhu hwakanaka, hunova hwakanaka kana husina kunaka uye shure kwezvose kune chinangwa.

Chiito chega chega chekarmic chatinacho muhupenyu huno chinokanganisa kuberekwa patsva nenzira yakanaka kana yakaipa, ndicho chikonzero ndinonyora zvakawanda zvezvikonzero zvinotungamirira kumarwadzo nekunakidzwa, izvo zvinogona kuva zvepanyama kana zvakatipoteredza pamwe chete nekarma.

• Bhudha anodzidzisa chinangwa chikuru chekuti munhuwo zvake anogona kuwana mufaro wenyika.
• Munhu asina basa anozvibata kuburikidza nehukama hutanhatu: vabereki nevana, vadzidzisi nevadzidzi, murume nemudzimai, shamwari neshamwari, vashandirwi nevashandi, vateveri vechitendero uye vatungamiri vezvitendero.
• Buddha anodzidzisa kuti kune marudzi maviri omufaro, unooneka muupenyu uye unowanikwa nenhamburiko yenguva dzose, dziviriro, shamwari dzakanaka uye upenyu hwakadzikama; uye mufaro muupenyu hwapashure uhwo hunowanwa kupfurikidza nokutenda, chirango chetsika, mirairo, rupo nouchenjeri.
• Buddha akataura kuti pakuzvarwa patsva zvakanaka zvaive zvakafanira kurima karma ine hutano kana kusala uye kudzivirira karma isina kunaka kana akusala. Kune karma yakanaka zviito zvitatu zvinofanirwa kuitwa, izvo zvipo, chirango chetsika uye kufungisisa.
• Kukudziridzwa kwepfungwa kwakakosha kuti uwane nzira yemweya uye maitiro ekufungisisa anofanira kuverengerwa mune izvi.
• Buddha anodzidzisa kuti munhu anofanira kufungisisa nezvengozi yokuva nemafaro enyama, sezvo aya ari mavambo erwisano muvanhu.
• Mufaro unogona kuwanikwa kunze kwemafaro enyama uye nekufarira mufarwa wepamusoro wemweya.
• Dhyana ndiko kufungisisa kwakakosha mudzidziso dzaBuddha, patinodzidzisa nedhyana zvese zvinofungwa zvinogona kubviswa kuti zviwane iyo yakakwana mamiriro ekuenzana uye kuziva.

Anonzi Buddha sezvo izvi zvichireva uyo akamutswa. Akakwanisa kufamba mubani rose reGanges, achipa dzidziso dzake uye achiumba nzanga yake itsva umo varume nevakadzi vaigona kubatanidzwa, vazhinji vavo vakava mamongi nepo vamwe vachirarama sevanhuwo zvavo.

Mudzidziso dzake aitsvaka nzvimbo yepakati pakati pekunakidzwa kwenyama nekuzvinyima. Mukutsvaga nzira yake yemweya mamwe maitiro ehutsika nekufungisisa uye kudzidziswa kwaifanira kuitwa uye aigara achipesana nemaitiro evapristi ekuuraya mhuka kuti vaite zvibayiro. Dzidziso dzake dzese dzakaunganidzwa paakafa, kusanganisira hurukuro dzake kana maSutras nemamongi makodhi kana Vinayas, zvino zvakaparidzirwa kuburikidza nemitauro yePracrite, uye yakapararira muIndia.

Mhando dzeRites dzeBuddhism

ChiBhudha chinozivikanwa kuti chakatangira kuIndia pakati pezana ramakore rechitanhatu nerechina BC, chikapararira kunzvimbo zhinji dzeAsia, zvekuti nhasi ndicho chechina chechinamato chinotevedzwa nevakawanda pasi rose. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti inenge 7 muzana yevagari vepasi vanoita Buddhism, izvo zvinoreva kuti tiri kutaura nezve 500 mamiriyoni evanhu.

Kupfuura chitendero, uzivi hwehupenyu, sezvo ichikwanisa kusvika kune husina simba hwevanhu, kuti vagogona kuvakunda uye kuva vakasimba kuburikidza nekufungisisa, kuti vasvike huchenjeri hukuru. Iine nhevedzano yemirau iyo munhu wese anofanira kuita uye nekutevera kuti mweya wake uve wakachena, uchitevera zviitwa zvemweya zvinoita kuti vazive, vagamuchire uye vachinje zvikanganiso zvavo.

Tsika dzese dzeBuddhism dzinoitirwa kusimudzira nzira yekuziva kugona kwemunhu wega wega uye kuti vanosvika kuhuchenjeri. Nokuda kweizvi vanofanira kukwanisa kusvika kuNirvana, inova nzira yokusunungura nayo zvishuvo, kuwana ruzivo rwomunhu oga uye kuwana kuberekwazve. Buddhism yakakamurwa kuita matavi anotevera:

• Theravada: Iyo inonziwo Chikoro cheVakuru, yakatanga muSri Lanka uye ndeimwe yematavi anonyanya kuchengetedza maererano nedzidziso kana Dhamma uye monastic discipline. Dzidziso yake inotarisana neNikayas zviri mukati mePali Canon.
• Mahayana: Iyo inonziwo Nzira huru, bazi iri rinonyanya kuvhurika sezvarinotambira mamwe magwaro nedzidziso sezvo risiri pakati kana kuomarara.
• vajrayana: yakafanana nekuwedzera kweiyo yapfuura, mairi kushandiswa uye maitiro emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodaidzwa kuti Upaya dzinoitwa, dziri maitiro esotericism, mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas, nezvimwe.

Mune rimwe nerimwe rematavi maitiro anogona kunge akasiyana, sezvo mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zviratidzo zvakasiyana uye zvitendero pamusoro pekuti tsika imwe neimwe inofanira kuitwa sei. Zvitendero zvavo zvakavakirwa padzidziso dzose dzaBuddha, uyo kunyange zvazvo asingarangarirwi samwari, ndiye munhu mukuru anonamatwa navaBuddha vose, mamongi uye vanhuwo zvavo, uye uyo mapoka ose anonamatira kwaari. Buddhism inotarisa pazvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha:

kuzvipira: izvi zvinomiririra kupfuura chero chinhu chipi nechipi kuzvipira kuti uve wepamusoro, kuzviita munhu anofanira kunge ane kuzvipira, kudarika uye pamusoro pezvose rudo. Yokutanga inoreva chokwadi chokuti munhu wacho anofanira kugara achifunga nezvekuzvipira kwake kuzvishandura mumweya kuburikidza nebasa rezuva nezuva, iro rinofanira kuva rakasimba, rakachengeteka uye rakasununguka.

Transcendence inoreva maitiro atinofanira kuita pamusoro pehupenyu uye kushandurwa kwezvinhu zvinokosha kuti tisvike mberi uye kuwana muono wakakura wepasi rose, tichitarisa zvinonetsa zvemazuva ose uye kukwanisa kuzvishandisa kune zvose zvemagariro evanhu, zvematongerwo enyika, uye zvakatipoteredza.

Chinhu chechitatu chinova rudo, chinofunga kuti ichi ndicho chinobatanidza kuzvipira uye kudarika, zviri kuburikidza nerudo kuti zororo rinogona kunzwika mukutarisana nekutambudzika, saka kuzvipira kunofanira kuitwa nerudo sezvo kuchikurudzira maitiro uye kunosimbisa nzira. umo mwoyo unovhurika uye nzira yeBodhisattva kana Buddha inotanga.

Kufungisisa: nekuita tsika yekufungisisa iwe unogona kusvika kune chinangwa chekutora ruzivo uye kuva nekufungisisa mupfungwa, pano kufungisisa kunoitwa kuti uwane huchenjeri uye simba repfungwa.

Kuedza: Panguva ino ndezvekuita zviitiko uye tsika dziripo muBuddhism, uye kuve chikamu chechimwe nechimwe chazvo nenzira inoshingaira yekuzadzisa zvaunoda.

Nokuva nemazuva akawanda anoonekwa seanokosha mukati megore, miitiro ichagara ichipembererwa iyo inowanzofara uye uko vanhu vose vanoenda kutemberi dzomunzvimbomo, vaBuddha vakawanda vanoshandisa karenda yeLunar pamitambo yavo, ndicho chikonzero nei vachisiyana munyika nenyika, maJapan kazhinji. shandisa karenda rezuva.

Buddhist Religious Rites

Izvozvi zvinorongwa kupfurikidza nemibato kana kuti zviito zvakasiana-siana izvo vaBuddha vanofanira kuita, izvo zvakavakirwa pazvitendero zvavo nechitendero. Buddhism inonakidza nekuti yakapfuma mutsika dzayo, inobvumira vateveri vayo vese kuti vazvione nesimba kuti vakwanise kuzadzisa chinangwa chavo, chinova huchenjeri.

Buddhism haizviratidzi sechitendero asi sehuzivi hunotsvaka chete kuwana utera hwemunhu uye huve hwakasimba kuburikidza nekufungisisa uye kutsvaga huchenjeri hukuru. Ndiyo kuburikidza nemafungiro aya kuti vane mitemo yakawanda uye tsika dzinobvumira munhu kuti achenese mweya wake, kutevera nzira yeBuddhist yekucheneswa kwemweya uye kujekeswa, iyo nekufamba kwenguva inobvumira munhu kunzwisisa nenzira yakananga uye yemunhu zvikanganiso zvose izvo vanhu vanoita uye kubudirira kushanduka kwavo kuzere.

Miitiro yose inotsvaka chinangwa chimwe chete uye ndechokuti munhu anosvika pakunzwisisa kwekugona kwavo kusvika kuuchenjeri, ndicho chikonzero ivo vanotsvaka kuzadzisa kusunungurwa kwezvishuvo, kuwana ruzivo rwemunhu uye kuberekwa patsva, kuitira kuti vawane Nirvana. Mukati meiyi miitiro inokosha tinogona kuwana:

genuflections

Ndiyo nzira iyo munhu anoremekedza nayo nokunamata nayo, itsika inoitwa namamongi naavo vose vanoshandisa chiBuddha kukudza Buddha, inogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri:

• Yokutanga iri kuita kufora, umo munhu wacho anofanira kumira uye kuita kudzokorora kwe "On Mani Padme Hum", inova mantra yepasi rose, kuita kudaro maoko akaiswa pamwe chete pachipfuva chechipfuva, anosimudzwa kuti aaise. pamusoro pemusoro wobva watora nhanho kuenda mberi. Zvadaro maoko anoderedzwa kune chiso, imwe nhanho mberi inotorwa, zvino tinounza maoko kuchipfuva uye danho rechitatu rinotorwa. Gare gare tinoparadzanisa maoko uye tinorerekera muviri pasi uye pamabvi edu tinotanga kuwedzera muviri wose kusvikira huma yedu yabata pasi, kufamba uku kunodzokororwa kakawanda.
• Nzira yechipiri ndeyekuwaridza muviri pameti pasi, mukati memonastery kana nzvimbo tsvene, uye kuita mafambiro ekufamba asi munzvimbo imwechete. Ichi chimiro chechipiri chinoitwa neavo vanoita chitsidzo, avo vanokumbira kudzivirirwa, mufaro kana kubvisa kumwe kutambura. Netsika iyi mweya unogona kukudziridzwa nekuita zviuru gumi zvekuremekedza apo muviri unobata pasi uye tsoka dzisina makumbo dzinochengetwa, sechiratidzo chekuremekedza.

Gumbo remunamato

Inozivikanwa zviri nani sevhiri remunamato, icylinder iri paaxis, yakagadzirwa nematanda nemhangura, sevhiri rengoro, kunze kwayo ine mantra yaOm Mani Padme Hum, uye mukati mebepa rinoiswa nemimwe minamato kana mantras. Iri vhiri rinorukwa uye rine kukosha kukuru sezvo uchifanira kudzokorora minamato kana mantras. Kunyanya iwe kutenderera, nguva zhinji iwe yaunofanirwa kudzokorora minamato Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti uve nehungwaru hwakawanda uye, mukuita, kuchenesa karma yako. Mumatemberi echiBuddha unogona kuwana mavhiri eminamato akawanda, mamwe anotova nezviuru zvawo.

mitero yemoto

Ivo vanozivikanwa seJoma, Jomam kana Javan, uye itsika dzinoitwa dzakatenderedza boka revanhu uye moto wakatsaurwa unopihwa. Izvi zvinobva pakuita zvibayiro zvemoto, itsika yezviuru zvemakore iyo mune mamwe matavi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Kana iyi rite yaitwa, iyo inoenderana Sutras inofanirwa kudzokororwa.

kusunungurwa kwemhuka

Izvi zvinoitwa munzvimbo dziri pedyo netembere dzechiBhudha dzeTibet uye mhuka dzinoburitswa maYaks nehwai. Vanogona kufamba vakasununguka, mushure mekunge vakashongedzwa neshinda dzakasiyana-siyana dzesirika dzinobva pamatatu kusvika kune mashanu mavara akasiyana, pamwe chete nemarabhoni emachira matsvuku.

Zvinopiwa sezvipo kumifananidzo yaBuddha neGomo rinoyera, pasina kukuvadza nzvimbo, hapana munhu anogona kukuvadzwa kana kuti kuita zvibayiro, sezvo mhuka dzinofanira kufa nomuzvarirwo.

matombo enzungu

Aya ndiwo nhevedzano yematombo akaturikidzana mumirwi pasina kurongeka kana chimiro, sezvaanoiswa mumahombekombe emigwagwa, nzizi kana mumadhorobha nemisha. Tinogona kuzviwana munzvimbo dzinoyera uye mumigwagwa yeTibet, uko matombo akavezwa neSutras dzakasiyana.

Tsika ndeyekuti kana muBhudha kana murapi achipfuura, vanofanirwa kusiya ibwe mumurwi ndokuti Sutra. Itsika yave ichiitwa kwezviuru zvemakore, saka kwatova nemirwi yematombo ari madziro, uye tinoawana ari pedyo zvikuru nemamongi uye mutsoka dzevanhu mumakomo. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa yekuwedzera kwayo iJiana rusvingo, iyo yatova mamita mana kureba, mamita 4 kureba uye anopfuura 300 yakafara, unogona kuiwana muguta reXinzhai Village muTibetan Prefecture yeYushu (kuChina).

bhiza remhepo

Mumutauro wavo vanozivikanwa saLung Ta uye iwo mireza yeminamato, varapi veBuddhism vanoidana iyo chiratidzo chemagumo emunhu uye zvinhu zvishanu zvechisikigo. Zita rayo rinobva kumhepo uye bhiza, iyo ndiyo nzira iyo zvisikwa zvinoshanda semotokari. Bhiza rinogona kutakura zvese zvinobatika uye zvinhu, uye mhepo ndeye ethereal, saka minamato inoitwa inotakurwa nemhepo.

Mireza inogadzirwa muchimiro cherectangle, ingave pamucheka kana bepa uye yakarongwa mumapoka uye nemavara, iyo inodudzira cosmogony yeTibet, inogona kuve nenhamba dzakadai semhuka inomiririra yezvishanu zvinhu: simbi, huni, mvura, moto nenyika. Izvi zvine kurongeka kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi uye neimwe nzira yekuzviisa:

• Ruvara rwebhuruu runodyidzana uye runofananidzira denga nenzvimbo
• Ruvara ruchena runofananidzira mhepo nemhepo
• Ruvara rutsvuku rwuri moto
• Ruvara rwegirinhi rwuri mvura
• Ruvara rweyero runomiririra nyika.

Dzinofanirwa kusungirirwa mumutsara we diagonal kubva panzvimbo yepamusoro-soro kusvika pasi uye dzakasungirirwa pakati pezvinhu zviviri. Vanogona kuonekwa mutemberi, stupas, makomo anopfuura uye mumamongi.

Mo

Iyi tsika ndeyekuita kubvunza kuburikidza nekushandisa dhayisi, munhu anovakanda kana mudzidzisi anofanira kutanga aita kudanwa kumwari wake wekudzidzisa (uyo angave ngirozi yake inomuchengeta yevaKatorike) uye anokanda dhai reTibetan, zvichienderana nezvakabuda, dudziro dzinoitwa dzinenge dziri mhinduro kumibvunzo inenge iine munhu ari kubvunzwa.

Izvi zvinoumbwa nedayisi mbiri uye dhiyabhorosi yeTibetan inoratidzika semandala, mairi mune zviratidzo zvisere, apo dice inobvumirwa kuwira. Nhamba inobuda inotorwa kune syllable yeTibetan diagram uye chiratidzo chayo.

anotendeukira kurudyi

Iyi tsika yeBuddhism inoitwa nevanhu kuitira kuti varware, vadzivise njodzi kana njodzi kuti zvisaitike, uye navowo hunhu hunoitwa nekuunganidzwa. Inoitwa mumamongi, uye inoumbwa nemafambiro akati wandei anoitwa panguva imwe chete. Munhu wacho anofanira kudzokorora sutras paanenge achitenderedza mavhiri emunamato uye achitenderera chifananidzo, nguva dzose munzira yewachi, ndiko kuti, kurudyi.

Kucheneswa pamwe Yamantaka

Nezita rekuti Yamantaka, Buddha anozivikanwa semukundi werufu, uyo anogona kubvisa uye kubvisa chero chinhu chinorwadza. Tsika iyi inoitwa neLama anodaidza Buddha uye anoita tsika yekuchenesa simba kuburikidza nekushandisa minhenga yepikoko nemuriwo unozivikanwa seKusha. Mukuchenesa, kushandiswa kunoitwa nezvinhu zvina: mvura, mhepo, pasi nemoto, inotanga nekuchenesa muromo uye ipapo munda wesimba, kuisa chisimbiso uye kushumirawo kuva nekudzivirirwa mune ramangwana.

Iyi tsika yave yakajairika kushandiswa sezvo vanhu vachikwanisa kubuda muzvirwere zvemuviri uye kunyange zvekuora mwoyo, izvo zvakasimbiswa.

Christening

Izvo zvinoitirwa kuchenesa uye kuchenesa pfungwa, uye ivo vanoitwa kakawanda senge monk inoda kudzidza nhanho nyowani yesoteric chakavanzika. Zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemudzidzisi anoita rubhabhatidzo, anozivikanwa zvikuru ndiye panoonekwa mandala, akabata bhodhoro muruoko. Pakuita izvi munhu anofanira kuona kana kufungidzira shato ina dzichizadza mabhodhoro mana nemvura inobva mumuromo, yozodirwa mumusoro wemudzidzi. Naye kunodiwa kuti vakabhabhatidzwa vave nesimba rechiBuddha uye kuti pfungwa dzavo dzicheneswe.

Kusungwa

Netsika iyi zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa Buddhism, asi chero kusangana uye hukama nenyika yekunze hunofanira kubviswa, mushandi weBuddhism anofanira kudzokorora mantras, izvi zvinoitwa mumatanho anosiyana nekufamba kwenguva, mamwe anogona kuve mazuva asi kune mamwe. izvo zvinotora makore, uye mukati mayo haugone kusiya mamongi. Nechiito ichi munhu anorimwa, anowana kunzwisisa kukuru uye huchenjeri, asi haaiti kamwe chete muhupenyu asi kakawanda.

Iyi tsika ndeimwe yeavo vari chikamu cheesoteric chakavanzika cheBuddhism, kana murapi akazvivharira pachezvake haachasangana nemunhu chero upi zvake, chikafu chinounzwa kumusuwo webako, nemuchengeti wenzvimbo yakavharirwa, uyo. inofanira kungwarira kune mushandi nguva dzose.

lasuosuo

Iri ishoko rinoshandiswa nevaTibetan pavanopfuura nemumakomo kana mumipata inoyera, zvarinoreva kuti Mwari vakunda. Kushandiswa kwaro kunobva kunhaka yakasiiwa kubva kare neavo vaipa zvibayiro kune ava vamwari. Zvegomo nevehondo.

Moyo Sutra Puja

Iyi tsika inotsvaga kuwana maropafadzo evaBuddha, itsika yakasimba uye yakareba inopfuura awa. Mariri, mimhanzi inoera inofanira kuimbwa uye zvigubhu zvinoridzwa, uchinamata uye uchidzokorora mantra yeMoyo Sutra.

Iyi mantra kana Mwoyo Sutra inonziwo Essence yeUchenjeri Sutra, uye yakanyorwa muchitendero chechiBhudha, inoshandiswa muchikoro cheMahayana, ine mavhesi gumi nemana ari mumutauro weSanskrit kana Shlokas, uye inofanira kusanganisira A mantra. iyo inodzokororwa muzvikoro zvese zveMahayana, inonzi Devanagari, yakanyorwa seizvi:

गते गते पारगते पारसंगते बोधि स्वाहा

Zvazvinoreva kuenda kumusoro, kumuka, ngazvive zvakadaro.

kutamba kwechitendero

Kubva panguva dzekare, hunyanzvi: mimhanzi, kutamba uye mitambo yemitambo yakashanda kufambisa tsika, kuiparadzira uye kuchengetedza tsika nechitendero chiri chipenyu kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa.

Mudzimba zhinji dzemamongi dzinowanwa muTibet, madhanzi egamuchidzanwa anoitwa, ayo anoitwa pamazuva anokosha uye ane ukoshi hukuru nokuda kwechiBuddha. Vanotaura nyaya dzaBuddha, maBodhisattva kana kuti vanhu vatsvene, zvikomborero zvenzvimbo, zvezuva kana kuti zvegore, zvokuchenesa nokubvisa simba rekarmic.

Pakupera kwegore mazhinji emitambo yechitendero iyi inoitwa, mudzimba dzemamongi nemumaguta, mamongi anowanzo pfeka nekupfeka masiki mukuremekedza maYaks anoonekwa sevanamwari, uye votevera parade yavo yakatenderedza imba yemamongi. Nadzo vanobvisa kana kudzinga mweya yakaipa iyo gore rinopera rasara kuti rinotevera rigamuchirwe ratocheneswa uye rakachena.

Khaw Pansa uye Ok Pansa

Iyi tsika inobva kuThailand uye yeavo vanoshandisa Theravada Buddhism, mairi mamongi anoita kudzoka kwemweya kwemwedzi mitatu, mumwaka wekunaya (Chikunguru kusvika Gumiguru), inozivikanwa seWassa mumutauro wePali kana Pansa Sanskrit. Mamongi anofanira kuchengetwa mumusha wemamongi uye panguva iyoyo vanoita kufungisisa kuti vakure pamweya nekuita zvidzidzo zvenguva dzose. Khae Pansá zvinoreva kutanga kwekudzokera shure, uye Ok Pansá zvinoreva kupera kwekudzokera.

Iyi tsika yekare kwazvo, inotendwa kuti inobva panguva yaigara Buddha, yakagamuchirwa nevanozvikudza veIndia, ndiko kuti, avo vanhu vakatama kubva kumafaro ehupenyu, vanogara mukurega uye vanongorarama kubva kune zvipo zvaanopihwa nevanhu, nzendo idzi dzakatanga mumwaka wekunaya kwemvura zhinji.

Pilgrimage

Irwo rwendo rwunoitwa kugomo rinoyera uye kushanya kunoitwa kumativi ese egungwa, kunoitwa kukumbira kuchengetedzwa, huchenjeri uye simba rakawanda, sezvo makomo nenzvimbo dzinoyera dzinoita kuti vawane mamwe makodzero.

Machechi uye Tsika dzeBuddhism

Buddhism itsika yakapfuma mutsika dzechitendero nemhemberero, vamwe vanobva kutsika dzekare uye pamwe navo vanotsvaga kuwana uye kuona zvavanotenda, kuwana huchenjeri uye kunzwisisa kukuru kweBuddhism.

Initiation Ritual

Iyi tsika inotsamira pachikoro cheBuddhism icho mutendi ari kwacho, chinozivikanwa ndicho chinoitwa mumatanho maviri kana nhanho. Yokutanga ndiyo nhanho yePabbajja, inotanga apo mutendi ane makore 8, mwana anoendeswa kumamongi pazuva rinoratidzwa nehoroscope kuti aite kutanga. Ikoko mamongi anomugamuchira uye achamupa zvishongo zvitatu zvechitendero chechiBhudha:

• Buddha, munhu akajekerwa waunofanira kuziva semudzidzisi wako
• Dharma kana dzidziso uye kunzwisisa kweizvo Buddha akadzidzisa
• Sangha kana nharaunda yeBuddhist kwairi kuzobatanidzwa.

Gare gare anokururwa zvipfeko zvake ndokupiwa jasi reyero, musoro wake unoveurwa chose chose, uye nzvimbo dzake dzose dzinopiwa mamongi echiBuddha: zvipfeko zvitatu, bhandi, tsono, badza, sefa, feni. nendiro yekugamuchira zvipo.

Vanokudzidzisa mitemo mishanu mikuru yehunhu hwechiBuddha, inova chikamu chehupenyu hwako uye iyo yaunofanira kutevedzera kune iyo tsamba nebasa rakakura:

1. Havafaniri kutora kana kuparadza rudzi rwose rwomunhu kana rwemhuka.
2. Havafaniri kutora zvinhu zvevamwe vanhu, kureva kuti, havafaniri kuba, kubiridzira kana kuita chitsotsi.
3. Vanofanira kudzivisa kusazvibata kunokuvadza ivo kana kuti vamwe.
4. Havafaniri kureva nhema, kuchera, makuhwa, kupika.
5. Havagone kushandisa chero mhando yezvinodhaka, kunyangwe zviri pamutemo, kana doro kana kofi.

Danho rechipiri kana chikamu chinodaidzwa kuti Upasampada, uye chinotanga panopera Pabbajja, umo mumongi mukuru wechiBhudha anogadzwa uyo anofanira kumudzidzisa zvirevo zvese izvo mutanga anofanira kuremekedza. Saizvozvowo, zvinhu zvose zvinodzidziswa kuitira kuti vawane uchenjeri, tsitsi uye kuchengeteka mune zvavanotenda. Vasati vasvitsa makore 20, vanofanira kupwiswa kuti vapfuurire uye ipapo ndipo apo tsika yokumutumidza kuti mumongi inoitwa.

Iyo inozivikanwawo seRite yeChod, ichokwadi tsika yesoteric uye yakajairwa yeTibetan Buddhism, asi chakavanzika chakachengetedzwa pakati patenzi nemudzidzi.

tsika yerufu

MuBuddhism, rufu inhano inokosha kuti mweya usvike nirvana, iyi nzira hairwadzi kana kuti yakaipa. MuBuddha anofunga kuti nzira yakanakisisa yokufa ndeyokuti munhu wacho anoziva zvichazoitika kwaari, uye ndosaka vanhu vepedyo zvikuru vachidiwa, iyi inhanho yokutanga upenyu hutsva pedyo nenirvana.

Rufu runoshandurwa kuva chimwe chinhu chiri rutivi rwedenderedzwa roupenyu uye chisingafaniri kutyiwa, sezvo usiri mugumo wenzira asi muitiro womusikirwo, uwo wapose pose uye usingagoni kudziviswa. Muchivanhu ichi, hazvionekwe kuti vanhu vacheme kana kuchema.

Ndiko kupfurikidza norufu apo munhu anogona kutanga upenyu hutsva, uhwo huchava nedzokororo dzakawanda kutozosvikira munhu asvika Nirvana. Muchiitiko ichi, munhu anenge atodzidza uye ane uchenjeri hwakakwana mumweya wake kuti akwanise kuona chokwadi, chiri chaicho. Nokuda kweNirvana hakuna tsananguro yakakwana yokuti chii nemhaka yokuti kwakaoma kunzwisisa sezvakaoma kunzwisisa zvokwadi.

Tsika yorufu kana kuti tsika yamariro echiBuddha inotanga netsika yokupfuura, iyo inoumbwa nokurava Bar-do'i-thos-grol, bhuku ravakafa, inoitwa apo munhu anenge ava kuda kufa kana kuti achangobva kufa. . Paunenge uchiita kuverenga, iwe unopiwa makiyi ekutungamira eBardo, iyo isiri chinhu chinopfuura nhanho yepakati pakati pehupenyu huviri, panguva iyi mariro anoitwa anotora mazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe uye uko mhuri neshamwari vanokupa chikafu nezvinwiwa. zvipo kumweya wemufi.

Mitumbi inowanzopiswa, asi pane zviitiko apo kuvigwa kwemvura kana mutumbi unongosiiwa wakasikwa kuti uore zvoga. Mushure memazuva makumi mana nemapfumbamwe ekuvigwa, tsika dzemariro dzinotanga nekugadziriswa kwemutumbi mu formaldehyde, kuitira kuti ugone kugara mumba mawaigara kwemazuva manomwe usati wapiswa. Danho iri rinonzi Gnan Sop.

Bhokisi rinofanirwa kunge riine mufananidzo wemufi, makenduru uye avo vanoenda kumariro vanofanira kupfeka hembe chena kana rima. Apo mazuva akagadzwa anopfuura, Buddha anonamatwa uye jira rinoiswa pachiso chomushakabvu, ipapo mutumbi unoiswa mubhokisi kuti umuke.

Mhemberero dzakawanda dzisati dzaitwa, imba yemufi inofanira kuramba yakashama kuitira kuti veukama vasangane. Mamongi anoimba pazvizhinji zvemhemberero idzi. Senzira yekukudza mufi, murume anosarudzwa kuita mumongi kana mukadzi kuti ave mai murungu. Murume akasarudzwa anofanira kuveura musoro wake uye anofanira kupfeka nguo dzetsika, asi mukadzi akasarudzwa anofanira kupfeka nguo chena, haafaniri kutaura kana kubata varume kuti arambe akachena.

Vanhu ava vanofanira kunge vari kuseri kwebhokisi uye muruoko vakatakura shinda chena inova nzira inofanira kuteverwa navahosi vemushakabvu. Vhiki yapiswa kana kupiswa, imwe mhemberero inoitwa mukukudza mufi uye mazuva 49 gare gare kuoneka kwekupedzisira kunoitwa. Kwapera gore pashure porufu, mumwe mutambo unoitwa uye ipapo pamakore echitatu okuyeuka rufu, ndipo panopera nguva yokuchema.

Kune madhorobha anoita mhemberero gore negore kwemakore manomwe uye mamwe ayo anoitwa makore manomwe oga oga kwemakore makumi mana nemapfumbamwe. Mukati megore rokutanga rorufu, hapana mutezo womumhuri unofanira kutora rutivi mumhemberero umo vachava nemhemberero kana kuti mafaro.

Mitambo yeBuddhism yegore idzva

Mugore idzva, iro munyika dzakawanda ndiro rokutanga raJanuary wegore rimwe nerimwe, munyika dzeAsia rakasiyana maererano netsika netsika uyewo nemhaka yezvavanotenda. Kune vaTibetan tsika iyi inonzi Losar uye inoitwa pakati paJanuary naFebruary, asi chinhu chinokosha hachisi zuva ripi rinoitwa, asi kuti mutambo wacho uchaitwa sei uye kuti ndezvipi tsika dzichaitwa mairi.

Mapato acho anoitwa mumhuri, uye naizvozvo tsika yacho inogona kusiyana, nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho vanobatwa vari voga uye avo vari pedyo navo, kushanyira temberi kunoitwa, zvipo zvinopiwa uye mamwe mhemberero dzechitendero dzinoitwa. Imwe yemitambo iyi inodaidzwa kuti Hondo yeMvura inoitika mumigwagwa, vanhu vose vanotota nemvura ine mavara akasiyana-siyana kuti vazvichenese nekuzvinatsa pazvivi zvavo.

Yese mifananidzo yeBuddha inofanirwa kucheneswa, ingave iri mumamongi kana mudzimba, inogezwa nemvura uye essences kuitira kuti rombo rakanaka risvike mugore rinouya. Imwe yetsika idzi ndeyekutora jecha kuita zvidimbu zvidiki kana mumaoko kumamongi, ichi ndicho chiratidzo chetsvina yavaive nayo mutsoka mugore rapera.

Aya mashoma akavezwa pane akaturikidzana stupas uye mireza yemavara inoiswawo sekushongedza. MaBuddha emamongi anofanirawo kutakurwa achifora kuenda kuguta riri pedyo, kuitira kuti vanhu vamwase mvura pamusoro pavo.

Iyo Nyi-Shu-Gu uye iyo Losar

Kune vaTibetan, mhemberero dzeGore Idzva dzine zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana, asi zvine hukama zvachose, chimwe ndechekuvhara kwegore rakapera kubvisa zvakaipa zvese zvaive mavari, uye kuti gore rinotevera rinogona kutangwa neimwe nzira. .nzira itsva uye mukuwanda.

Iyo Losar chikamu chetsika yekuti gore idzva risvike.Zvinoreva kuti gore uye Sar nyowani, tinowanawo Nyi-Shu rinova zuva rekupedzisira regore rapera.

Nyi-Shu-Gu

Inonzi zuva remakumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, uye pazuva rino kucheneswa kwedzimba uye muviri kunoitwa kuti kubvise kusava nehanya, zvipingamupinyi, zvose zvisina kuchena, kusagadzikana uye zvirwere zvinowanikwa mavari. Pazuva rino nhevedzano yemitambo inoitwa kupemberera gore idzva riri kuuya, zuva risati ratanga gore idzva, kuchenesa uye kucheneswa kunofanira kuitwa.

Dzimba dzinofanirwa kucheneswa zvachose, ipapo munhu anogeza uye kugeza bvudzi rake, munhu wese anofanira kuzvitarisira uye kuchena kugamuchira gore. Mushure mekuchenesa, vanogona kufara, kudya Guthuk uye tsika inoitwa kuti ibudise mweya yakaipa uye zvakaipa zviri mudzimba.

The Guthuk

Iyo soup yenoodle inozivikanwawo seThukpa Bhatuk, inoperekedzwa nezvakasiyana zvinongedzo uye yakakosha zvinonhuwira kuti zvidyiwe pahusiku hweNyi-shu-gu. Iyo noodles idiki uye yakaumbwa negomba, iyo inogadzirwa nemaoko, zvimwe zvinoshandiswa ndezvi: Labu kana Asian radish, yakaomeswa cheese, chilies, peas.

Kuti ive Guthuk, chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinofanira kuiswa mundiro yega yega, sebhora remukanyiwa rine chimwe chinhu chakakosha mukati maro, sechinhu kana bepa rine mazita kana mufananidzo. Dumpling iri ngarive hombe kuitira kuti rive rakasiyana nesadza kana Bhatsa, kudzivirira kuridya nekukanganisa nezviri mukati.

Zvinhu izvi zviri mukati mezvimedu zvinoiswa nemaune kutamba joke pamunhu arikushandirwa, ndosaka misa yega yega ine chimwe chinhu mukati. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi kana kudhirowa kwakanaka semakushe kutaridza mutsa, kana zimbe remazimbe kuudza munhu kuti moyo wake mutema. Zvinhu zvinoshanduka zvichienderana neimba yazvinogadzirwa, dunhu razvinogadzirwa uye kunyangwe zvichienderana negore.

Rite rinoitwa kuti ribvise kusava nehanya rinoshanda nenzira yakadai kubvisa mweya yakaipa uye simba rakaipa kwete kubva kuvanhu chete asiwo kubva mudzimba, tsika iyi inozivikanwa seLue uye Trilue. Chekutanga chazvo chifananidzo chidiki chemurume chinogadzirwa neTsampa (gorosi yakakangwa, bhari kana mupunga) nemvura netii. Uyu ndiwo mumiriri wezvaunoda kuva nazvo mumba.

Trilue inoumbwa nezvidimbu zviviri zvakagadzirwa nechinhu chimwe chete, uye inopiwa kumunhu mumwe nomumwe akakokwa kuti adye kuitira kuti zvirwere zvibviswe, tsika dzose dzinoitwa muto weGuthuk usati wabikwa uye unochengetwa.

Mabhora ehupfu nenhamba dzacho anogadzirwa oiswa mundiro hombe isingachashandiswi sezvo ichifanira kuraswa mushure mehusiku ihwohwo, inochengeterwa uye ichiunzwa mushure mekunge Guthuk yashandiswa kuvhura mabhora, munhu wese anofanira kusiya zvishoma zveguthuk kuti ubatanidze zvakasara zve dumplings.

Pakupera kwekudya, zvidimbu zve lue uye trilue zvinopiwa kune vanhu vakagara vachidya, izvo zvinofanirwa kudzvinyirirwa kuitira kuti chimiro chemaoko chigadzikane pahupfu. Iyo trilue inozokwizwa panhengo yemuviri inenge ichirwara kana kupera simba uye zvinoshuvira kuti hutano hubviswe mumuviri. Pavanenge vachiita izvi vanofanira kutaura mazwi akadai:

• Lo chik dawa chu-nyi, Shama sum-gya-druk-chu, Gewang parchey thamchey dokpa sho!

Izvi zvinoturikira kuti mwedzi gumi nembiri ine gore, mazuva mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu, kune zvakaipa uye zvipingamupinyi, enda. Zuva iroro muusiku kunogona kuva nemufaro uye kusuruvara, kusvikira dumplings yakazarurwa, asi chido chikuru chezvose ndechokuti gore idzva harina chirwere nemarwadzo.

Zvimedu zvezvimedu zvehupfu kubva kune trilue zvinowedzerwa kune lue, uye izvi zvose zvinotorwa pamwe chete nemamwe muto mundiro imwe chete, kune avo vanovhenekera kenduru, kunyange zvazvo isina kuitwa munzvimbo dzose. Matochi ehuswa anowanzobatidzwawo kuti atenderere nemba achiti nenzwi guru "Thonsho ma!" kureva Buda, kuti masimba akaipa nemweya yakaipa zviende. Mudzimba zhinji vanoita minamato nemunamato vachifamba mumakamuri emba nemwenje.

Mushure mekuita kutenderera kwemba, tora ndiro netochi uye uzvisiye mumharadzano iri pedyo, usina kutarisa kumba. Iyi tsika ndiyo inonyanya kuitwa muTibetan Buddhism. Mushure mokutora zvose zvakasara kubva kumba, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mweya yakaipa inoisiya uye ipapo hapana nzira yekudzokera kumba, saka vane hutano hwakanaka uye hwakachena musha uye vanogona kugamuchira gore idzva mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.

The Losar

Mhemberero iyi ndeyekukunda kwezvakanaka pane zvakaipa uye izuva rakakosha muBuddhism. Usati wapemberera, makeke, zvingwa, michero yakawanda uye zvihwitsi zvinoiswa paatari yemhuri yega yega, iyo yakashongedzerwa chiitiko neDergas kana makiki, chang inova chinwiwa chebhari, loboe gwenzi regorosi rakadyarwa mugirazi uye uta ndiko kunoenda mhodzi dzebhari dzine hupfu.

Aritari iyi inofanira kugara yakadaro kwemavhiki maviri kuitira kuti budiriro ipinde mumba mugore idzva iri. Mazuva matatu ekutanga ndiwo akanyanya kukosha maitirwo aya maitiro:

Zuva rokutanga: Chankol inogadzirwa, Koenden chinwiwa chinogadzirwa nechaanga nenzira yedoro reTibetan, Khapse inogadzirwawo, dri butter, rudzi rwebhota rakagadzirwa nemukaka wemukadzi Yak, shuga yenzimbe, churras (chizi yakaoma yakagadzirwa ne. mukaka wedri kana mukadzi Yak, mvura nemazai.

Madonati anonzi Karsai, zvikafu zvakasiyana nenguruve, Tibetan yak nemakwai zvakakangwawo, zvipiriso zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoitirwa vanamwari uye chikafu chinoiswa mumidziyo kana ndiro dzemapuranga dzakapendwa nemavara akasiyana kana Qemar. Mhemberero idzi dzine mhuri, asi kushanya kweshamwari nevavakidzani kunogamuchirwa kuti vawane mvura yegore kubva murwizi.

Mvura inopinzwa mudzimba, inoiswa paatari, rusenzi inobatidzwa uye marambi ebhota anobatidzwa, minamato yorugare inoitwa mugore, vana vanosungirwa kupfeka mbatya itsva, uye kukwazisana kweGore Idzva. kana kuti Tashi Delek kuti ape zvikomborero. uye rombo rakanaka.

Zuva repiri: Anozivikanwa saGyalpo Losar kana Losar Rey, nhasi misangano inoitwa yeDalai Lama uye vatungamiri vemunharaunda vakasiyana-siyana muSamsara neNirvana Hall of Excellence.

Zuva rechitatu: inonzi inodzivirira Losar, kushanyirwa kunoitwa kumamongi, kuita zvipiriso kumaatari uye kune zvisikwa zvekudzivirirwa kweDharma, mireza yekunamatira uye mabhiza emhepo anoiswa. Kubva nhasi ndipo vanhu nemamongi vanoita mhemberero dzeLosar.

Miitiro yeBuddhism yekubudirira

Kune vanhu vanotevera chitendero chechiBuddha, zvakajairika kuti vanogara vachiita tsika nemitambo, sezvo vakasiiwa kwavari kubvira kare.

Nokuda kwebudiriro nepfuma vanewo nhevedzano yetsika, chinowanzova chokuisa Buddha yendarama kana kuti Money Buddha, iyo ine mufananidzo waBuddha ane ingot yendarama muruoko rumwe uye bhegi rendarama mune rumwe. kukwanisa kupa uye kugamuchira, kukwezva simba idzva rinofambisa mari nehupfumi mumunhu.

Mari Buddha Ritual

Mune iyi tsika, Buddha weMari anoiswa mumba, akananga kuruboshwe uye mupunga, michero nemari zvinopihwa kwairi kukwezva kuwanda, ipapo nhevedzano yeminamato inoitwa.

minamato yekubudirira

KuvaBhudha, kudzokorora munyengetero uyu kunoita kuti munhu azvifungidzire somunhu akabudirira ane zvinhu zvakawanda, vamwe vachipa mipiro kuna Buddha kunze kwedzimba, kuitira kuti kuwanda kugovane.

"Ah Buddha ane simba uye mukuru!, nhasi unouya kwandiri, nekuda kwesimba renyu guru, kuti rombo rakanaka, uye iwe unobvisa zvipingamupinyi zvose zvinouya kwandiri, ndinoziva kuti iwe uchandibatsira mune zvose zvandinokumbira. pamusoro penyu, zvamuchandiona, kuti muchandidzivirira nokundipa pfuma, muzita raMwari, nokuda kwokunaka kwake kukuru netsitsi dzake. Mukuru weBuddha mweya wekumusoro nekuchena, tumira kuvhenekerwa kwako kubva kune isingaperi chadenga, kwaunogara, ndapota tipe zvatinokumbira uye kuvhenekera nzira yedu.

Mimwe misiyano inogona kuwanikwa kubva mumunamato uyu, uyo unoshandiswawo kukumbira hupfumi. Mufananidzo weBuddha unofanirwa kuiswa uchifunga nezvemusuwo wekupinda weimba, isa tafura kumashure kuruboshwe uye nekuitenderedza vamiriri vezvinhu zvishanu vanoiswa:

• Moto: unogona kuisa kenduru yakabatidzwa uye rusenzi tsvimbo, kana yakagadzirwa nesandalwood zviri nani.
• Pasi: Unogona kuisa dombo requartz remhando ipi neipi.
• Metal: isa matatu eChinese macoin akasungwa nerubhoni dzvuku, iwe unofanirwa kuisa mari yese ine yang side kumusoro, unogona kuzviziva nekuti iro divi rine mavara mana echiChinese.
• Mvura: isa girazi remvura kana kapu, izvi zvinofanirwa kuchinjwa zuva nezuva, iyo inoshandurwa hairasirwe asi inogona kutorwa kana kuiswa mutangi rehove kana tsime.
• Huni: isa chimedu cheChinese bamboo kana ruva.

Uyezve, munofanira kuisa mukombe nemupunga uye imwe nezvimedu zviviri zvechingwa, izvi zvinongoiswa zuva rimwe chete sechipo, uye zuva rinotevera vanopararira kunze kweimba kuti kuwanda kugovane, iwewo une. sarudzo yekudya uye nezvimwe kana hutano hwako husina kunaka.

Paunenge uine zvese zvakaunganidzwa nezvinhu zvishanu nezvipo, ita zvikumbiro zvaunoda, uchinyora pabepa dzvuku, izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchitevera uyu muenzaniso:

"Ndinotenda ne (kunyora zvinhu zvese zvakanaka zvawakagamuchira uye zvaunoda), zvese zvakandinakira, izvo kana chimwe chinhu chiri nani chandinotarisira kugamuchira pamberi (taura zuva). Ndatenda, Baba".

Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kusaina ichi chikumbiro, iyi tsika inogona kuitwa nevamwe vanhu vari mumba, pabepa rako uye machira anofanira kuiswa pasi petsoka dzechifananidzo chaBuddha.

Kuseka Buddha Ritual

Bhudha anonyemwerera, anozivikanwa zviri nani saBuddha akakora, anoshandiswa kumutsa budiriro, pamwe chete nomufarwa, sezvo mufaro uchikwezva mufaro mukuru. Ichi chifananidzo chinoshandiswa mudzimba, mabhizimisi, uye kunyange mahofisi, sezvo chiri chifananidzo chinofadza zvikuru, mukuwedzera kuva chifananidzo cheBuddha chinozivikanwa zvikuru uye chakakurumbira, sezvo chinokwezva rombo rakanaka.

Netsika yatichakupa iwe, une maitiro maviri ekuzviita mumwedzi mumwe chete, kana kune mwedzi mutsva kana kana kune mwedzi wakazara. Chikonzero chekuzviita ndechekuti kubudirira kunoitwa, pamwe nehutano uye rudo, chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti iwe unosarudza zvaunoda panguva iyoyo kuti zviitwe, uye nekudaro zvinoenderana nezvaunoda iwe unofanirwa kuve uine essences. uye makenduru ekurudyi.

• Prosperidad: Kana izvi zviri izvo zvaunoda zvakanyanya, saka iwe unofanirwa kuve uine essences ye tangerine, sinamoni nekokonati, makenduru achashandiswa orenji kana yero.
• Utano: kana iri ndiro dingindira rako rekutanga unofanirwa kushandisa eucalyptus, ndimu, mint kana pine essences uye shandisa girinhi kana chena makenduru.
• Amor: munyaya iyi unofanira kushandisa essences yekinamoni, maruva e-orange, cloves, jasmine kana roses uye makenduru matsvuku kana epinki anofanira kushandiswa.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvaunofanira kuva nazvo pakuita tsika: mufananidzo waBuddha anonyemwerera, makenduru matatu, uye essences akakodzera pane zvaunoda kusimudzira, kana uine zvese, mirira mwedzi mutsva kana kuzara uye nyora tsamba pa bepa rekutenda kune zvese zvaunoda kukwezva muhupenyu hwako, kana zviri zverudo, nyora kuti ndeupi mudiwa waunoda, kana iri budiriro, ratidza kuti unoda kuve wakawanda sei uye nguva yaunofanirwa kuve nayo. Kana uri munhu ane hutano, ipa kutenda nekuda kwehutano hwako hwakanaka uye nesimba rakanaka raunaro zuva nezuva.

Chaunofanirwa kurangarira ndechekuti iyi ingori mienzaniso yezvaunogona kukumbira mutsamba yako, unogona kukumbira chero chaunoda, chero chakanaka. Kana uchinge wapedza kuinyora, zora makenduru nedumbu raBuddha nechinhu chawakasarudza, vhenekera makenduru, tenda Buddha nokuda kwezvose uye ugopisa tsamba yacho madota acho ovigwa muhari yemaruva kana mubindu uye makenduru ose ngaapise zvachose. Iwe unogona kuita iyi tsika mwedzi wega wega kana pese paunoda kukumbira chimwe chinhu.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5Q123T5nNc

Mitambo yeBuddhism

Nekuda kwetsika zhinji idzo Buddhism inadzo, zviri pachena kuti ine nhamba huru yemitambo yekupemberera kana kurangarira, mazhinji ayo anokatyamadza, pamwe nekuzara kwechakavanzika uye kukwezva kwekuona. Mumwe nemumwe wavo ane tsika yakasarudzika, kusanganisira yeBhudha Nyowani, Magha Puja, Pii Mai kana mhemberero yeLunar New Year, Vesak, Ewk Phansas, uye Khao Phansas, mhemberero yeAsala, pakati pevamwe.

gore idzva rechiBuddha

Isu takambotaura nezvazvo, inozivikanwa seLosar uye zvichienderana nenyika kune munhu, kupemberera kwayo kunoitwa nemazuva akasiyana, izvi zvinoitwa pakati pekupera kwaNdira kusvika kutanga kwaFebruary, kunotanga kupembererwa rimwe zuva. pamberi pegore idzva nemitambo yemitambo uye kazhinji inopedza vhiki mbiri.

Vesak kana Buddha Day

Izuva rinonyanya kukosha kune vaBuddha uye avo vanoita chitendero ichi, inofanira kuitwa kana kune mwedzi wakazara mumwedzi waMay. Inopemberera nhambo nhatu dzinokosha dzaBuddha: zuva rake rokuzvarwa, kuvhenekerwa kwake uye rufu rwaSiddharta Gautama (Buddha), sezvo zvose zvakaitika pamwedzi wakakwana.

Iri rinopembererwa nemapazi ese eBuddhism uye rave zororo repasi rose kubva 1950, rakatemwa neWorld Fellowship of Buddhists Horidhe iyi inovandudza kuzvipira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwakareruka uye hunoyemurika, kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza pfungwa, kuita mutsa nerudo, uye kuwana runyararo nekuwirirana kwevanhu vese.

Zuva reMagha Puja

Ndechokupemberera mharidzo yokutanga iyo Buddha akapa pamberi pevadzidzi vake vane 1200 XNUMX, apo ndipo paanozivisa nheyo dzechiBuddha nokutangwa kwacho sorudzidziso, mukuwedzera kukugadza nharidzano yake yokupedzisira, iri yokusvika Nirvana. Iyi mhemberero yakakosha, uye inoitika pazuva remwedzi wemwedzi wechitatu wemwedzi, uye inotsvaka kuchenesa pfungwa, kuita zvakanaka uye kudzivisa kuwira muchivi. Izororo munyika dzakaita seThailand, Laos, neCambodia, uye munyika dzese dzeSoutheast Asia. MuTibet inonzi Chotrul Duchen festival.

uposatha

Iyo yakakosha yeBuddhism uye inoitwa paine mwedzi wakakwana, saka panogona kuve nemhemberero dzakati wandei mumwedzi wemwedzi, Uposatha zvinoreva zuva rekutsanya. Mamongi echiBuddha anotsanya nenzira inotevera: vanodya kubva pakubuda kwezuva kusvikira masikati, vozodya chinhu chose kusvikira zuva rinotevera. Vese vanhu vakarara nemamongi vanofanirwa kunzwa kuti kuzvipira kwavo kunokura uye zvakare kuti vanofanirwa kuita kuvandudzwa kwetsika yeDhamma.

kathina

Mutambo uyu unoitwa pakupera kwekudzokera kwemamongi eKhaw Pansá neOk Pansá, kuitika kwayo mushure memwedzi wakazara waGumiguru uye inoitwa kwemazuva makumi matatu, mairi mamongi echiBuddha anoongwa uye zvipo nemipiro zvinoitwa. zvembatya nechikafu izvo zvinoendeswa kumatemberi akasiyana-siyana emunharaunda nevanhuwo zvavo vemamwe marudzi.

Songkran

Iri bato reThai New Year, rinoitika pakati paApril 13 ne15 yegore rega rega, zvarinoreva inhanho yekuongorora nyeredzi, inoratidza kuti inguva yekuchinja kwakawanda. Mhemberero dzinoitwa uye hondo yechinyakare yemvura inopembererwa mumigwagwa, inokandwa kwemazuva matatu akatevedzana, mhuri dzinounganawo uye zvisungo zvemhuri nezvisungo zvinovandudzwa, vakweguru vanokudzwa kuburikidza nemitambo yetsika dzakasiyana-siyana uye tsika dzekare. Zvizhinji zvadzo zvinoenderana ne:

• Chenesa, chenesa uye shongedza temberi.
• Ita zvipo uye zvipo kumamongi echiBhudha.
• Kuita mhemberero kuratidza ruremekedzo kuna Buddha uye kuita anonhuwirira mvura kuzodza.
• Isa mvura mumaoko evakwegura kuratidza ruremekedzo nokuonga.

Loy Krathong

Iro Floating Fountain Bowls Mutambo, unoitwa mumwedzi wakazara waMbudzi uye unogara zvichienderana nenzvimbo inoitirwa mutambo, pachayo kune mazuva akati wandei ekupemberera, pahusiku hwekutanga mhemberero inoitwa kuti mwaka wekunaya wapera uye unoitwa mukukudza Mae Khongkha, mwarikadzi wechiHindu wemvura.

Mhemberero yaro ndeyemadzitateguru mutsika yebrahmana, kubva ipapo inoenda kumhemberero dzechiBuddha dzechinyakare, asi zvikoro zvakawanda zvinoti kupemberera uku kunoitwa kuratidza ruremekedzo uye kunamata kune Sacred Footprint yaBuddha, inowanikwa kumahombekombe erwizi rweNammadhammahantee. .

Kune avo vanotora chikamu mumutambo, itsika yekuunza zvinonhuwira, makapu ane mashizha, mari, mapepa akawanda ane mavara, makenduru, uye zvose zvinoiswa mumabhasikiti akagadzirwa nemashizha emiti yemabhanana, anonzi Krathong. Zvadaro izvi zvinoiswa mumvura kuita mupiro uye zvose zvakanaka zvakagamuchirwa zvinoongwa, zvinokumbirwa kudzinga rombo rakanaka uye kuunza rombo rakanaka.

Zviuru zvema<em>krathong zvinogona kuonwa zvichiyangarara murwizi nemakenduru akabatidzwa mukati Aya anoumba mufananidzo wenyoka unofamba nomumvura muchiedza chomwedzi wakazara Kudhanha kunoitwa, mumhanzi unoridzwa, maparadhendi anoitwa, ma<em>fireworks anotangwa, uye zvokudya zvomunzvimbomo zvinogadzirwa.

Mutambo Wenzou

Jaipur iguta riri mudunhu reRajasthan muIndia, apo mutambo weHoli unoitwa mumwedzi waKurume. Nzou chimiro chiripo mune dzakawanda ngano, uye inosanganiswa nehumambo, vamwari uye chimiro chaBuddha. Mariri pari panoitwa parade nenzou dzakapendwa, machira emavara akasiyana anoiswa paari, muvelvet ine embroidery nezvishongo zvakawanda, kumashure kwavo kune vamwe vanotamba vanofanira kutamba nesimba guru, vachiteverwa nemabhiza, ngoro, ngamera, pfuti uye. palanquins.

Mitambo yechinyakare yakadai sekudhonzana nenzou pachadzo, pamwe nemitambo yepolo, inotambwawo. Uyu mutambo wakatsaurirwa kune nzou, saka pamagumo, iyo yakanakisisa yakashongedzwa nzou inosarudzwa. Iwe unogonawo kuona Gaj Shringar, apo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chokuita nenzou zvinoratidzwa, kusanganisira zvishongo zvakawanda, machira anonzi Jhoo, Howdahs, ayo ari macheya anogara pamashure avo, ngoro dzakasiyana-siyana, mifananidzo yakawanda, pamwe chete nemishonga yemishonga uye zvokudya.

Kunyange zvazvo mutambo uyu uchiitwa mukuremekedzwa kwadzo, mabatirwo anoitwa nzou ave achikurukurwa nezvawo zvikuru, sezvo mifananidzo yakawanda inoiswa padziri ichikuvadza ganda radzo, kunze kwokuti dzinomanikidzwa kuita mabasa neshoo. uko vasingabatwe neruremekedzo uye kururamisira, saka nzanga zhinji dzekuchengetedza mhuka dzakaita zvirevo maererano neizvi.

esala perahera

Mutambo uyu wakakura kwazvo muSri Lanka, unoitwa pakati paChikunguru naNyamavhuvhu pese paunosangana nemwedzi wakakwana wechirimo, unoitwa kweanenge mavhiki maviri kana zvakadaro, chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndecheguta reKandy kwaunogona kuona. mufaro wakawanda, mimhanzi uye ruvara. Chinhu chikuru chemhemberero iyi zino raBuddha. Sezororo renyika remubatanidzwa wemhemberero mbiri dzekare:

• Mutambo wekukunda kwaMwari Indra pamusoro peVrita, dhimoni uye kukumbira kwemvura inonaya apo ino ndiyo nguva yakaoma.
• Midungwe inoitwa mukukudza Temberi yeZino raBuddha, iyo inoremekedzwa zvikuru muSri Lanka uye uko chisaririra chinochengetwa, icho chinogara chiri muusungwa hwemamongi, mukati memuchengetedzo wakagadzirwa nendarama nematombo akawanda anokosha .

Mumatemberi umo mhemberero inoitika, unogona kuona kuratidzwa kwakaisvonaka uko mimhanzi yengoma inovaperekedza, pamwe chete nemafakirs, mabhendi emimhanzi uye nzou dzakawanda dzine zvipfeko zvakanaka zvekushongedza. Pakutanga kwekufora kunofanira kuenda nzou Maligawa, iyo inotakura reliquary nezino raBuddha.

Pazuva rechitanhatu remhemberero usiku, mapurisa anonzi Randoli Perahera anoitwa, uko palanquins yaitakura vahosi munguva dzekare inorangarirwa. Mukupedzisira kwemafambiro, anoitika pazuva, kuvharwa kwemhemberero kunoitwa nekucheka kwemvura muRwizi rwaMahaweli kunze kweguta reKandy.

Iyi tsika inotarisira vaKapuralas, vane mutoro mutemberi uye ndivo vanocheka mvura nesaber yakagadzirwa negoridhe uye vanodzokorora minyengetero. Vakawanda vanotora mvura mumakapu akasiyana-siyana kuti vaende nayo kutemberi, kwavanogara kusvikira mutambo wegore rinotevera wavamba.

O-Bon

O-bon itsika inobva kuJapan uye inogara ichiitwa zvichienderana nekarenda yemwedzi, pakati paNyamavhuvhu, kana karenda yezuva, iri muna Chikunguru. Inofungidzirwa kuti mutambo wechiBuddha chaiwo, sezvo paine nyaya apo mudzidzi wekare waBuddha akaona mweya waamai vake uye, kuitira kuti aderedze kutambudzika kwavo uye avatungamirire munzira yerunyararo, akatevera dzidziso uye akakwanisa kubatsira mweya kuzorora murunyararo.

Mhemberero inotsvaga kugamuchira midzimu yose inoda kuunganazve nevadiwa vavo pasi pano uye kuti nguva ino yakazara nemufaro, kuti ine mimhanzi, kutamba, uye kuti hapana kushaya zvokudya kana zvinwiwa. Kukudzwa kunopiwa kumadzitateguru eavo vanopinda mumhemberero, kutamba kweBon-Odori kunoitwa, maatari kana butsadan inofanira kuiswa mudzimba dzose uye marambi anobatidzwa pamagonhi ose eimba iyo inoshanda segwara rekutungamira. midzimu inovashanyira.

Kunyangwe iri yekwaBuddhism, zvishoma nezvishoma yakava chikamu chetsika netsika dzechiJapan, saka zvishoma nezvishoma yakazobva patsika dzechiBuddha. Tsika iyi yave ichipembererwa kwemakore anopfuura 500, yakadzika midzi kwete muchitendero chete asiwo murudzi, umo mamwe mabasa netsika zvakawedzerwa.

Bodhi

Mhemberero iyi inoitwa musi wa8 Zvita wega wega, uye inonzi zuva reKuvhenekerwa kwaSiddartha Gautama kana kuti Buddha. Pazuva iri Buddha akawana kujekerwa kuzere mugore ra589 BC uye ndipo paakava Buddha. Vanowanzonongedzerawo kuzuva rino sokumuka kwaBuddha uye mavambo echiBuddha, chinovamba nepfungwa yokuti vanhu vose vane simba rokusvika Nirvana ndokugumisa kutambura.

Pamberi peBodhi, mamongi anoita zviitiko zvakawanda, kugadzirira zuva iri, vhiki risati raitwa mumamongi madzoro anoitwa, kwavanongogona kurara maawa maviri pazuva uye pahusiku hwekupedzisira hwekudzokera kwavo kurinda kunoitwa, sezvakangoita. Buddha akaita asina kurara.

Tsika dzeBuddhism

Nokuti Buddhism inosanganisira mhemberero dzakawanda, mitambo, mhemberero, tsika, uye tsika dzinosiyana zvichienderana nebazi reBuddhism mavari kushandiswa, kune misiyano inocherechedzwa mumaitiro avo mukati mebazi rimwe nerimwe, saka hazvibviri kuzvinyora zvose. Asi kune tsika mbiri dzinoitwa nevatendi vose uye vanhu vechitendero cheBuddhism pasi rose:

Kufungisisa: iyo yakakosha kune vese maBhudha sezvo iri tsika yechitendero kazhinji, nayo pfungwa inokudziridzwa, huchenjeri hunogona kuwanikwa uye unodzidza kunzwisisa zviri nani. Vese varapi veBuddhism vanoita tsika iyi kurima, uye kunzwisisa zviri nani zvese zviri muchokwadi chedu, hunhu uye zvakare kuzvisunungura kubva kumarudzi ese ekutambura.

Kufungisisa kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nechikoro cheBhudha, misiyano iyi iri muhunyanzvi hunoshandiswa kufungisisa uye yave tsika kuburikidza netsika yechiBhudha, saka maererano nehunyanzvi hwavanoshandisa, zvinogona kunzi:

• Theravada Buddhism: maitiro anoitwa kuti ave nekufambira mberi uye kuti murapi anogona kukwenenzverwa, vanofanirwa kuongorora nyika dzavanopinda nadzo pavanenge vachifungisisa.
• zen buddhism: Zvinoitwa kuti uwane humwe huchenjeri, asi hunotariswa pakuva wega uye kushandisa intuition, kuwana kuwirirana kwechisikigo, nehunyambiri uhwu hunodziviswa uye kufungisisa kwakakwana kweZen kunowanikwa.
• ChiTibetan Buddhism: mune izvi, uremu hwakawanda hunopiwa kune chimiro chekufananidzira uye kusaziva kwepfungwa, maitiro akawanda emitambo anoitwa kuitira kuti pfungwa dzishandurwe.

Kunamata: ndiwo muitiro wechipiri wemateru ose echiBhudha, mazviri kunamatwa kwaBuddha kunotsvakwa mose muri muviri mumaatari edzimba, pamwe chete nomutembere nomudzimba dzemamongi. Pano mantras, minamato inoshandiswa uye mipiro nezvipo zvinofanirwa kuitwa.

Zvitendero zveBuddhism

Zvinotendwa zvechiBuddha zvakavakirwa padzidziso dzose dzaSiddartha Gautama kana kuti Buddha, uyu akanga ari munhu anoshamisa, munhu akawana kushanduka kwake amene ndokuva akavhenekerwa, achiita hwaro hwechiBuddha. Akava murume akachenjera zvikuru akakwanisa kuita shanduko yechokwadi pakunamata kuburikidza nedzidziso dzaaipa. Akatumidza dzidziso dzake sezvokwadi ina dzakanaka:

Duhkha

Chirevo chayo chakapamhama uye chinogona kusanganisira kusagutsikana, kuodzwa mwoyo, kutambura, kusagadzikana, kurwadziwa, kusuwa, nezvimwe. Saka zvinogona kupfupikiswa kuti inobata nekutambura uye kurwadziwa kwepasi rose mukutarisana nekuvapo kusina