Messier 83, girafu inotenderera iri muboka renyeredzi reHydra, igorofu inotenderera inoyevedza inoonekwa nemabhainokura. Yakaongororwa naPierre Méchain muna 1752 uye yakawedzerwa kubhuku raCharles Messier muna 1781. Inozivikanwawo seSouthern Pinwheel Galaxy.
Kuburitsa data ye spiral galaxy messier 83
Vachishandisa chishandiso cheHAWK-I cheteresikopu yeVLT iri paParanal Observatory muChile, vaongorori venyeredzi vakati wandei veESO vakakwanisa kutora mufananidzo wakanakisa wakawanikwa kusvika pari zvino wegiraxy inotenderera inonzi Messier 83.
Mupfungwa iyi, giravhiza iri rinoonekwa se "hanzvadzi diki" yeMilky Way yedu, sezvo riinewo chimiro chinotenderera uye boka renyeredzi dzinoyambuka denderedzwa rayo. Uyezve, Messier 83 iri kure nemamiriyoni gumi nemashanu emakore echiedza (muboka renyeredzi reHydra) uye inotenderera makore echiedza anopfuura zviuru makumi mana (anenge 40% yehuwandu hweMilky Way yedu). Gavhiza iri rinogona kudzidzwa pamwe chete nedzimwe nyeredzi dzakadai seCentaurus A galaxy , iyo inonyanya kufarira nyeredzi.
Nzvimbo chaiyo ye spiral galaxy messier 83
Nekuda kwemaonero aMessier 83 ekumaodzanyemba, zvakaoma zvikuru kuiwana muNorthern Hemisphere , pasinei nehukuru hwayo nechimiro chayo. Iri pedyo negamma kana pi Hydrae. Kubva kugamma, yakafara chibhakera kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwepi uye yakafara chibhakera kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero.
Kana uri kuSouthern Hemisphere, tsvaga Iota naTheta Centauri wobva wasvetuka nyeredzi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 kuti uwane M83 . Kuti uione uri kuchamhembe, unoda kanenge 3 kana 4" reflector nedenga rakasviba, nepo vari kumaodzanyemba vachigona kuiona zviri nyore nemabhainokura madiki.
Nyanzvi Zvakazarurwa
Garazi rinotenderera rinonzi Messier 83 rinoonekwa serimwe remagarazi anotenderera anoshamisa uye ari pedyo zvikuru nesu. Garazi iri rinoshamisa uye, panguva imwe chete, harina kujairika. Rave riri nzvimbo yekuputika kukuru kwesupernova, uye zvakaonekwa kuti rine nucleus mbiri pakati paro.
Inoonekwa seimwe yemagalaxy anoshamisa kwazvo mudenga redu. Inhengo yakakurumbira yeboka remagalaxy anozivikanwa seCentaurus A kana boka reM83, iro rinosanganisirawo Centaurus A ine guruva uye NGC 5253 isingawanzoonekwi. Kupfuma kweboka iri remagalaxy kunogonawo kuongororwa mune zvimwe zvidzidzo zvemagalaxy.
Mupfungwa iyi, magirakisi emuchadenga anouya mumapoka akasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nechitarisiko chawo uye kurongeka kwawo, semuenzaniso, kusapinda kwemaoko avo uye mhando dzebundu ravo repakati. Messier 83 ine "bhara" renyeredzi dzinopatsanura denderedzwa rayo, zvichiita kuti rive boka regirakisi rinotenderera. Nzira yeMilky inowirawo muchikamu ichi.
Masayendisiti mazhinji anotenda kuti mitsetse iyi inoshanda sechinhu chinotadzisa, ichitsausa gasi kuenda kunzvimbo iri kutariswa neboka renyeredzi. Gasi iri rinoshandiswa kugadzira nyeredzi itsva uye zvakare kudyisa buri dema reboka renyeredzi , zvichitsanangura kuti nei magirafu mazhinji anotenderera , kusanganisira Messier 83, aine nzvimbo dziri pakati dzinomhanya zvakanyanya uye dzakajeka.
Chakavanzika chepakati pe spiral galaxy messier 83
Zvisinei, pakati peMessier 83 pakavanzika uye panoshamisa. Kureva kuti, gomba guru guru riri pakati paro harisi roga. Iri giravhiza rinoshamisa rinoratidza chinhu chisina kujairika: nucleus mbiri, chinhu chinoshamisa chakawanikwawo muAndromeda Galaxy . Izvi hazvirevi kuti Messier 83 ine maburi maviri matema ari pakati, asi kuti gomba rayo rimwe chete guru guru rakakomberedzwa nedenderedzwa renyeredzi risingaenzaniswi rinotenderera pedyo negomba dema, zvichiita kuti chitarisiko chenucleus mbiri chioneke.
M83, mukoma mudiki weMilky Way
Masayendisiti anoona nezvenyeredzi iyi inonzi Messier 83. Kazhinji, inowanzonzi Southern Pinwheel, nekuda kwekufanana kwayo nePinwheel Galaxy Messier 101 iri kuchamhembe. Spitzer Space Telescope yeNASA inotiratidza, zvakadzama, kupararira kweinfrared kwezvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji seMilky Way yedu.
Tichifunga nezvezviri pamusoro apa, dai taiva pakati chaipo peMilky Way's disk, taingokwanisa kuona giraxy redu kubva pamaonero akamanikana, akatenderera. Saizvozvowo, taizoona Messier 83 takatarisana, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuona chimiro charo zvakadzama. Tsvagiridzo iyi inobatsira masayendisiti kuongorora kuti giraxy redu raizotaridzika sei dai taigona kuenda kunzvimbo iri nani.
Kune rumwe rutivi, sezvakaita Milky Way yedu, girafu reMessier 83 rinoonekwa segirafu regirafu rakavharika nekuda kwemaitiro emabhawa enyeredzi ari pakati paro. Nzvimbo iyi yebhawa inonyanya kushamisa mu infrared, sezvo tichigonawo kusiyanisa curve yakapatsanurwa yeguruva reS nekushandisa bhawa renyeredzi rakananga.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, denderedzwa iri reguruva riri mukati rinobatanidza nemaoko anotenderera akavharwa zviri kunze kwediski, anowanzoonekwa semipendero inopenya yegirini-tsvuku. Pakati pemaoko ekutanga anotenderera , tinowanawo membrane yakaoma yeguruva inotambanukira mudiski yese.
Uyezve, kunyange hazvo Messier 83 iri kure nemakiromita angangoita mamiriyoni gumi nemashanu echiedza, muchokwadi, ndeimwe yemapoka enyeredzi ari pedyo mudenga. Izvi zvinopa vaongorori mukana wakanaka wekuona girafu, iyo, kunyangwe iri hafu yakakura kudaro, inoita kunge yakafanana zvikuru mukupararira kwayo negirafu redu reMilky Way.
Saizvozvowo, chiedza che infrared chine marefu e 3,6 ne 4,5 microns chinoratidzwa nebhuruu negirini, zvichiratidza kupenya kwechiedza chenyeredzi. Chiedza che 8 microns chinoratidzwa netsvuku; chiedza chenyeredzi che 8 microns chakabviswa kumashure kuti chiratidze zviri nani zvidimbu zveguruva zvichipesana nemashure emagalaxies.
Masayendisiti anoratidza izvo zvinogadzirwa zvakanyanya kubva kumiganhu yegwara renyeredzi
Tinogona kazhinji kutaura zviri kuitika mukati megiraxy kana kuti zvinotsanangurwa sei uye zvakapararira sei, asi tinowanzo shamisika kuti chii chiri mberi. Panyaya iyi, nzvimbo dziri pedyo dziri pedyo neSouthern Pinwheel Galaxy, kana kuti giraxy inotenderera Messier 83, dzinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uyu wakabatana kubva kuNASA 's GALEX space observatory uye Very Large Array. Pinwheel yebhuruu nepingi iri padivi ndiyo dhisiki yekutanga yegiraxy, nepo zvinhu zvakaita seribhoni zviri maoko ayo akakura.
Galaxy Evolution Explorer iteresikopu yekutsvagisa yeultraviolet. Kuongororwa kwayo kunoratidza mapoka enyeredzi diki dziri kure kwazvo mugaraji, kusvika ku140.000 light-years kubva kurutivi rwayo. Kuongororwa kweVery Large Array (VLA) kunoratidza frequency yeredhiyo tsvuku. Kunoratidza maatomu ehydrogen ane gasi, maburi enyeredzi, anoumba maoko marefu egirafu.
Kune rimwe divi, vazivi venyeredzi vanonetsekana kuti nyeredzi dzemucheche dzinoenderana nemaoko akawedzerwa, nekuti izvi zvinovabatsira kuti vanzwisise zviri nani kuti nyeredzi dzinogona kuumbwa sei mu "masango" egirazi, uye mune ino spiral galaxy Messier 83.
