ari solar system mapuraneti ndeavo vanotevera nzira yavo yeelliptical yakatenderedza iyo chete nyeredzi yatinayo uye yatine zita renyika yedu, Zuva, saka, kana uine chero kunetseka kana mibvunzo nezve solar system mapuraneti uye maitiro ayo, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi.
The solar system
Inodanwa nemasayendisiti sehurongwa hwedu hwemapuraneti, uye inoumbwa nemapuraneti, asteroids uye mamwe matumbi ekudenga anoita mafambiro ekushandura akatenderedza zuva. Mitumbi yese inoigadzira inoita kufamba kwayo kutenderera nezuva nekuda kwehukuru hwesimba hunobuda kubva kune chimwe nechimwe chehurongwa.
Zvakaonekwa nevazivi venyeredzi, kwenguva yakareba, kuti kune akawanda masystem akafanana muUniverse, uye akawanda ari kuwanikwa zuva nezuva, asi iyo yatinoti tiite dissertation ndiyo solar system, nekuti ndipo inowanwa.pasi redu uye isu tiri mumaoko ayo kuitira kuti pane hupenyu panyika yedu.
Solar System inoumbwa sei?
Mhedziso yekutanga yakasvikwa nemasayendisiti kubva Solar system yakaumbwa sei? ndechokuti gadziriro yedu yezuva yakatanga makore angangoita mamiriyoni 4.600 apfuura, semugumisiro wedambudziko regiravhiti rakabatwa nehombe huru yegore. Nekuda kwechirwere ichi, kusikwa kwehuwandu husingaverengeki mumabhiriyoni enyeredzi kwakaitika, uye hazvizivikanwe kuti ndeipi mari yacho. Imwe yenyeredzi idzodzo izuva redu.
Solar system, sezvatinoiziva, inoumbwa nemapuraneti, pamwe chete nemimwe mitumbi yatinogona kuwana muchadenga, yakadanwa kunzi mapuraneti maduku, maplanetoids, interstellar gas, stardust, satellites, uye asteroids. Zvose izvi zvinoumba chikamu cheMilky Way yakabhabhatidzwa uye inozivikanwa zvikuru, iyo inoumbwawo nemazana emabhiriyoni enyeredzi.
Pamwe chete nezvose zvayo, solar system iri mune imwe yemaoko kana matavi eMilky Way, iyo yakanzi Orion.
Mhando huru
Zvinhu zvinoumba Solar System, kunyanya, Zuva, nekuti rinomiririra 99% yekuunganidzwa kwenyaya muhurongwa hwedu, ine chiyero chemakiromita 1.500.000. Ipapo tinowana iyo solar system mapuraneti, izvo zvakakamurwa kuita makirasi maviri, mapuraneti ezuva zvemukati uye mapuraneti ezuva kunze.
Chinhu chakakosha che mapuraneti ezuva kunze ndechokuti vakakomberedzwa nemhete kana halo. Isu tinogona zvakare kuwana mapuraneti madiki, ari mune imwe mhando yemhando kupfuura mapuraneti ezuva., uye sanganisira nhamba dzekudenga dzakadai saPluto kana Eris.
Chimwe chinhu chinoumba solar system masatellite. Zvine hukoshi hune mwero, nekuti iwo mitumbi mikuru yekudenga ine maumbirwo chaiwo uye mabasa, ayo anoita mafambiro adzo ekutenderera, kwete kutenderera zuva, asi kutenderedza nyika huru, sezvinoitika nepuraneti Jupiter, ine mwedzi inopfuura makumi matanhatu hukuru hwakasiyana, kana sezvinoitika nepasi redu, Pasi, rine satiraiti imwe chete, Mwedzi.
Tinogonawo kuwana maumbirwo akasimba madiki pane masetelliti ari muchadenga, aya mitumbi madiki, akaunganidzwa mune yave kunzi asteroid belt, iri pakati peMars neJupiter.
Pakupedzisira tichawana maasteroids, izvo zvinhu zvinogona kuve neyakasiyana-siyana conformation. Inogona kuva ice, gasi, mvura, comets, cosmic dust uye meteoroids. Iyo yekupedzisira inopedzisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinodikanwa kuti Solar System izvibatanidze pachayo saizvozvo.
mapoka matatu
Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani magadzirirwo ezuva, nyanzvi, masayendisiti nenyanzvi dzemuchadenga vakasarudza kugadzira chikamu chezvikamu zvitatu zveSolar System izvo zvinopa tsananguro yekuti rakaumbwa sei.
chikamu chekutanga
Muchikamu ichi pane mapuraneti masere anoumba Solar System. Mapuraneti ayo pasina mubvunzo ane chimiro chakasimba ndeaya: Earth, Mars, Venus, Mercury. Anonziwo mapuraneti emukati.
Zvadaro tine mapuraneti ekunze kana makuru: Neptune, Uranus, Jupiter uye Saturn. Nepamamiriro ezvinhu aya mapuraneti ese ane masatellite avo anoita matenderedzwa akaatenderedza.
chikamu chechipiri
Ndiko kwatichawana kunonzi Mapuraneti madiki. Saka inonzi mutumbi wemuchadenga unotenderera zuva, une chimiro chakaurungana, asi usina uremu hwakakwana kuti ukwanise kufamba pedyo nekutenderera kwaro. Ndicho chikonzero vakawana zita iroro. Mapuraneti madiki anozadza chikamu chechipiri ichi ndeaya: Ceres, Eris, Haumea, Pluto naEris.
chikamu chechitatu
Chikamu chechitatu chakasikirwa kuti chichengete yainzi minor body muSolar System, uye pano zvinhu zvese zvasara zvinotenderera zuva zvakaiswa mumapoka.Aya maasteroid, anowanzo kuve nemaamorphous shapes, zvinhu zvinowanikwa muKuiper belt. meteoroids uye ice comets.
Mapuraneti ezuva
Sezvatakataura mune zvimwe zvikamu zvechinyorwa chino, mushure mezuva rakakosha, mapuraneti ndiwo anoumba chikamu chakakosha cheSolar System yedu, nekuda kwekuoma kwekurongeka kwavo uye kuumbwa. Kuti tipe ruzivo rwuri nani, muchikamu chino tichatsanangura zvakadzama chimwe nechimwe che mapuraneti e solar system:
-
Mercury
Tinotanga neMercury, nokuti ndiyo nyika iri pedyo neZuva.Humwe hunhu hwayo ndeyokuti ipuraneti diki pane ese muzuva. Maumbirwo ayo akafanana neayo nekuti 70% yezvinhu zvayo isimbi uye asara makumi matatu muzana ari silicates. Chimwe chicherechedzo cheMercury ndechekuti, semwedzi, ine huwandu hukuru hwemeteorite kukanganisa pamusoro payo.
Kuswedera pedyo kweMercury kuZuva kunoita kuti kududzira kuwedzere zvakanyanya, saka chii?Mercury inotora nguva yakareba sei kutenderera Zuva? Mhinduro yacho yakaenzana ne88 Earth days. Kana zvaunoda kuziva ndizvoInguva yakareba sei zuva paMercury? Zvakanaka, yakanyanya kureba nekuti yakaenzana ne58,5 Earth mazuva. Saka zuva paMercury rinenge mazuva makumi maviri mapfupi pane gore reMercury.
-
Venus
Venus inyika yechipiri muSolar System maererano nenhambwe kubva kuzuva. Zvinonzi pakati pemapuraneti ezuva rezuva, Venus yakafanana nehanzvadzi yepasi kuNyika, nokuti yakafanana zvikuru, kwete chete muhukuru uye hukuru, asiwo mukuumbwa kwayo, nokuti zvose zviri pasi uye matombo.
-
Pasi
Nyika, inova pasi redu, ndiro zvakare guru pane anonzi mapuraneti ane matombo. Maererano netsvagiridzo, mavambo ayo anosvika makore 4600 bhiriyoni apfuura uye zita rayo rinobva kuLatin terra, yaive mwari wechiGiriki wehukadzi uye kubereka.
Chimwe chimiro chePasi ndechekuti 71% yekuumbwa kwayo iri muhydrosphere (mvura). Chokwadi ichi chakakosha chakabvumira uye chakafarira kuvapo nekusimukira kwehupenyu papasi redu. Hakuna imwe nyika muSolar System ine mwero iwoyo wemvura.
-
Marte
Chimiro chekutanga ndechekuti Mars inyika yechipiri diki muSolar System, mushure meiyo Mercury. Yagara ichinzi Red Planet, nekuda kwekuonekwa kwayo kweruvara dzvuku, iyo yaakawana nekuda kweiyo iron oxide inowanikwa munzvimbo zhinji.
Panyaya yePasi, Mars inenge hafu yehukuru, uye simba rayo rakaderera ne40%, zvikonzero zvakatungamirira NASA kugumisa kuti inyika isingagoni kutsigira hupenyu.
-
Jupita
El Planet Jupiter Inogamuchira zita rayo kubva kuna baba vevamwari vengano dzeRoma, pasi rine huwandu hukuru hweavo vese vari chikamu chesolar system. Hukuru hwayo hwakakura zvakapetwa ka1300 pane Earth. Muviri muhombe unoumbwa nemagasi, kunyanya hydrogen nehelium.
Chimwe chimiro chepasi rino inoshamisa ndechekuti inoonekwa seyekutanga nyika yakaumbwa mune solar system, inotofungidzirwa kuti yakazvarwa zuva risati rasvika. Inguva yakareba sei zuva paJupiter? Nguva yaro ipfupi, yakatenderedza maawa mapfumbamwe nemaminitsi makumi mashanu nematanhatu, saka kutenderera kwayo kunokurumidza.
-
Saturn
Mukurumbira mukuru weSaturn unopiwa nekupenya kwayo kunoshamisa, kunobva kune zvindori kana halos dzakaipoteredza. Galileo Galilei akatanga kuiona mugore ra1610. 96% yeSaturn inoumbwa nehydrogen uye 3% yasara ihelium.
-
Uranus
Iyo inozivikanwa senyika yekutanga kuwanikwa kuburikidza neteresikopu. Chimiro chayo chemakemikari chakafanana neyemapuraneti Saturn neJupiter, sezvo inoumbwa nehydrogen nehelium, asi inewo mvura, ammonia uye methane, kunyange zvazvo yakawanda. Mhepo yaro nderimwe reaya ane tembiricha yakadzikira muSolar System yese, inosvika pa -224 degrees Celsius.
-
Neptune
Neptune yakawanikwa naUrbain Le Verrier, John Couch naJohann Galle, mugore ra1847. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare nenyanzvi vachitsinhira kuti munhu akakwanisa kuicherechedza kekutanga aiva Galileo Galilei mugore ra1612, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisati zvaitika. zvakasimbiswa. Neptune inoumbwa nedombo rakanyungudutswa, methane, hydrogen, mvura, helium, uye liquid ammonia.
