Iwo akasiyana mabiomes anoumba pasi pano ane basa rekupfumisa nekupa mutsauko mune imwe neimwe yenzvimbo dzayo kuitira kupa hupenyu kuburikidza nemaruva nemhuka dzayo. Pakati pevamwe vakakurumbira tine sango rakaoma, rinoonekwa zvakanyanya muSouth America, Africa neAsia makondinendi, nemhoteredzo yakaoma uye kunaya kwemvura yakawanda, munyaya inotevera tichadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro peiyi ecosystem uye maitiro ayo makuru.
Sango Rakaoma
Nyika yepasi yave ichizivikanwa nekuve nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagoverwa pasi rose, semagwenga, masango, makungwa, nzizi, nyanza, savanna, pakati pezvimwe, izvo zvose zvinozivikanwa se ecosystems; dzinomiririra nzvimbo dzakapfuma mukusiyana-siyana kwemhuka nemaruva, kuwedzera kune zviwanikwa zvakakosha pakuchengetedza hupenyu hwepasi. Muchiitiko ichi, masango anomira kunze, iwo mantle echisikigo akagarwa nemiti nemiti, kuwedzera kune inodziya uye inonaya mamiriro ekunze.
Masango inzvimbo yakakosha zvikuru nekuda kwemuti mukuru wemiti inopa oxygen kune zvakatipoteredza uye inoitawo sezvinatsi zvemhepo kuburikidza nekutora carbon dioxide inotenderera mumhepo, naizvozvo, munhu akaedza kuchengetedza nzvimbo idzi. Pamusoro pekuve nzvimbo dzinopa zvinhu zvemakemikari zvinoshandiswa pamishonga yechisikigo uye kurwisa zvirwere zvinobata vanhu.
Kune marudzi akasiyana eiyi ecosystem, senge sango rakaoma, rinozivikanwawo serakaoma, tropophilous, sub-humid kana hiemisilva sango, rinopa kuumbwa kwezvinomera uko miti inopesana nemamiriro ekunze emwaka unopisa nekunaya kwemvura pfupi. Iwo anowanzo kuwanikwa pakati peiyo nzvimbo dzakaoma senge subtropical renje uye savannas.
Iyo inoonekwa seimwe yeakanyanya njodzi biomes, nekuti inowanikwa munzvimbo dzine hukuru hwekugara kwevanhu, sezvo ichipa ivhu rakakodzera rekurima uye zvipfuyo, pamwe nekumiririra sosi yekuwana huni nehuni. Izvi zvakakonzera kutemwa kwakanyanya kwemiti yayo uye kurasikirwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, zvichikanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda iyi.
Sango rinopisa rinopisa rinowanikwa kunyanya muSouth America seBolivia, Mexico, Ecuador, inosvika mamiriyoni emakiromita emakiromita ekuwedzera, tichifunga nezve 54% iri mukondinendi ino; ivo varipowo muAfrica kunyanya muMadagascar uye muAsia muIndia. Hunhu hunonyanya kukosha hwemasango akaoma imhando yemamiriro ekunze uye ivhu, uko mwaka wavo wekuoma unogona kusvika kumwedzi mitatu kusvika ku3 muchando uye ivhu rawo rakaorera pasina kupa zvirambidzo.
Masango akaoma ndeemhuri yeLeguminosae nekuda kwekuwanda kwemiti, shrubs nemishonga isingagumi, kunyange zvazvo mamwe masayendisiti achifunga kuti ndeyeBignoniaceae neMalvaceae nekuda kwezvakasiyana-siyana zvemaruva uye zvinomera. Pamusoro pekupa mhuka dzakapfuma mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, felines anoonekwa zvakanyanya mukondinendi yeAmerica senge jaguar, pumas uye tiger, pamwe chete nezvinokambaira zvakaita senyoka uye shiri dzakasiyana siyana. Mhuka dzakadai senzou, rhinoceroses, twiza, pakati pevamwe, dzinogara mukondinendi yeAfrica.
General maitiro
Iyo yakaoma sango ecosystem inoonekwa senzvimbo inopisa yakadzika, ndiyo imwe yegumi nemana biomes inoiswa pakati penyika ecoregions, ichiva imwe yakakura uye yakawanda kwazvo muSouth America kondinendi ine dzakasiyana siyana, flora, hydrology, ivhu. , ecologies uye geomorphology, maitiro ayo makuru anoratidzirwa pazasi:
chirimwa chimiro
Zvese zvipenyu zvinopa chimiro chakasiyana chechirimwa chakachinjirwa kumamiriro enzvimbo uye mamiriro ekunze, kana iri sango rakaoma rinopa chimiro chisina kuoma zvakanyanya kana chichienzaniswa nesango rinopisa rinonaya mvura, kuvepo kushoma kweepiphytic nezvinomera zvinokwira uye zvingangoita zviviri kana zviviri kana. mapoka matatu. Kunyange pasi rinoonekwa, miti midiki nemisanganiswa yezvinomera zvinokura padyo nepasi pasi pedenga rezvirimwa.
Miti inoumba iyi biome yakadzikira zvakanyanya mukukwirira pane iri mumasango anogara achinaya mvura. Saizi yaro ingangoita 6 kusvika 12 metres kunyangwe mumasango ane deciduous (subclassification masango akaoma) anogona kusvika 30-50 masendimita kureba.
Adaptive Strategies
Masango akaoma ane marudzi akasiyana-siyana emaruva nemhuka, achionekwa seimwe yezvakapfuma kwazvo muzvinyorwa zvezvisikwa, asi iyo inogumira imvura, iyo inokonzera zvirimwa kutsvaga mazano ekurarama; Ivo vanonyanya kutarisana nekuwedzera kugona kwemvura, kuichengeta mukati mechimiro chayo kuti ibatsire zvakanyanya, sezvo mukana wekusangana nemvura unogona kuve wakasarudzika. Mamwe emazano aya acharatidzwa pazasi:
Kupera Kwemashizha
Kupera kweshizha kunokonzeresa kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwemvura mumwaka wakaoma nekudurura mashizha, zvichiratidza kuti zvinomera zvinobuda nemashizha, kana zvikarasika, chirimwa chinoda kupinda munzvimbo yekuzorora, ichidzikisa metabolism yayo kuchengetedza simba riripo. Ichi ichokwadi chinofanira kucherechedzwa nekuti iwo ari nhengo dzinogadzira dzezvirimwa uye anogona kuunza matambudziko mune ramangwana.
Nepo kana mwaka wekunaya kwemvura wasvika, dzinofanira kushandisa simba rakawanda kugadzira mashizha matsva. Pakati pemamwe emhando dzemhando dzakaoma, iyo Ceiba (Ceiba Pentandra) muAmerican kondinendi uye Teak (Tectona Grandis) muAsia inomira.
phreatophytes
Inofanana nemhando yechirimwa chiripo mumasango akaoma uye ndecheayo anogara akasvibira, saka anochengeta mashizha awo munguva yakaoma, akamira kunze kwekuva nemidzi yemidzi inobatana zvachose kuti itore mvura kubva kunzvimbo iri pedyo. kuwana mvura yepasi pakadzika hukuru. Iwo rudzi rwechirimwa chinoonekwa mumakosi emvura anochengetedza kuyerera kwechigarire pamusoro kana pasi pevhu. Mamwe emhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeCumaná Olive Tree (Capparis Odoratissima).
Reserve Structures
Inofungidzirwa sechirongwa nemasango akaoma apo vanogadzira zvivakwa zvekuchengetera mvura, kuburikidza nemadzinde avo nemidzi. Mhuka dzinonyanya kumira munyaya iyi iCactaceae (Cactus) inochengeta mvura mumadzinde ayo ichipa kutaridzika kwakanaka, pamusoro pekuvapo kwemushwa unobatsira kuchengetedza mvura. Saizvozvo, kune zvinomera zvinogona kugadzira lignified midzi inochengeta mvura mukati mayo, inozivikanwa se Xilopódios.
sclerophyllous
Inosanganisira kurasikirwa kwemvura kuburikidza nekuputika, kunoitwa nekuderedza ukuru hwemashizha uye kusimbisa tambo yavo yakaoma. Mhando iyi yezvinomera inogadzirisa nyore nyore kune nguva yakareba yekusanaya kwemvura uye kupisa, iyo inogara kwenguva refu, inogara kwenguva refu uye inononoka kukura. Pakati peakanyanya kusimba pane Maquis, Espinal neArrayan, arborescent uye minzwa minzwa inosanganisirwawo.
Leaf Blade Reduction
Muchiitiko ichi, hapana kuderedzwa kwehukuru hwemashizha kunoonekwa, asi panzvimbo yeshizha inotarisana nechiedza chezuva, inoratidzira kukura kwemashizha emashizha akaparadzaniswa nemashizha kana pinnae, anozivikanwawo semashizha emashizha.
Mhando dzeSango Rakaoma
Kugoverwa kwemasango akaoma kunoonekwa mumakondinendi eAmerica, Africa neAsia, zvichisiyana mukuoma kwenguva yekuoma, rudzi rwevhu uye humwe hunhu, kurongeka kwemasango akaoma kuchaunzwa pazasi:
Jungle kana Spinescent Xerophile Sango (Espinal kana Espinar)
Izwi rokuti xerophilous rinosanganiswa nezvinomera zvinokura munzvimbo dzakaoma, idzo nzvimbo dzine kushomeka kukuru kwemvura, dzisina miti yakawanda, nokudaro ivhu rinocherechedzwa nyore uye mamiriro ekunze ari kutonhora kana kudziya. Pakati pemiti yemiti iripo ndeye evergreen (perennial) ine makomboni uye akakamurwa mashizha akakamurwa. Imhando yesango rakaoma rinopa mazano ekuderedza mashizha, sclerophyllia uye succulence; Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa shanduko kune hunde neminzwa.
Masango eXerophytic anowanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeContinental Africa, Madagascar neSouth America; Iyo ndeimwe yemakuru eVenezuelan biomes akatambanudzwa kuchamhembe uye kumahombekombe kwenharaunda yenyika yese, iwo chikamu cheiyo geography yeFalcón, Lara neAnzoátegui nyika. Vanoonekwawo munyika yeArgentina ine marudzi akawanda emiti yeminzwa
Masango kana Masango Anotema
Mwaka waro unorebesa kuoma kubva ku5 kusvika kumwedzi yakawanda, uchifunga semamiriro ekunze emwaka webani, iwo anoratidzwa nenyaya yekuti mhando dzechirimwa dzinogara mairi dzinenge 80% dzinorasikirwa nemashizha panguva yekusanaya kwemvura, saka idzo mhando dzemhando. , vachiuya kuzoona rudzi urwu rwebiome munzvimbo dzine makomo uye munguva shoma yekusanaya kwemvura.
Masango kana Semideciduous Masango
Inomiririra mhando ye ecosystem iripo muCosta Rica, mhando yemiti iripo, 50% inochengetedza mashizha awo mumwaka wakaoma. Mwaka wayo wakaoma unogona kubva pamwedzi mitatu kusvika ku3, zvichienderana nekusangana kwayo nemvura yakachena.
Jungle kana Monsoon Sango
Imhando yesango rakaoma remwaka, mhepo yakawanda iripo ndeyekupisa kwegungwa, kudziya uye kunyorova. Dzinogona kunge dzakanyanya kufanana neiyo semideciduous asi dzine kukura kukuru kwechimiro. Kufanana zvakanyanya nemasango anogara achinaya mvura asi mwaka wekunaya kwemvura kushoma, tichifunga nezvemamiriro ekunze ekunaya kwemvura muzhizha kunosvika 2000 mm pagore.
Ivhu Type
Mumasango akaoma, ivhu rejecha rinonyanya kutonga, semajecha ejecha kana kuti ivhu revhu, rinoonekwa nemhando yevhu rakaorera rine pH iri pakati nepakati. Nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura shoma, vanogona kuchengetedza muchimiro chavo chikafu chinodiwa pakukura kwezvirimwa, vachipa kurasikirwa kushoma nekuda kwekudonha kana kuwacha. Rudzi urwu rwesango harungagadzirwe muvhu risina kudzika sezvo ruchigona kudzikamisa kupinda kwemidzi yaro.
Nzvimbo
Nzvimbo yemasango akaoma anoonekwa mumakondinendi matatu America, Africa neAsia, aripo munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa, nekuvapo kwemhepo yekutengeserana uye monsoon, zvisinei neizvi vane hunhu hwakasiyana zvichienderana nenharaunda yavari:
America
Munyika yeAmerica, masango akaoma akakwanisa kuvhara chikamu chikuru chenharaunda yose, kutanga kuchamhembe kweYucatan Peninsula (Mexico), inoteverwa neCentral America kusvika kuSouth America. Kuratidzira chikamu cheCaribbean uye mapani eColombia-Venezuelan uko rudzi urwu rwebiome runotungamira. Kuwedzera kuPacific pamhenderekedzo yeEcuador, Peru, Paraguay, Brazil uye kuchamhembe kweArgentina. Kuvapo kukuru kwemasango akaoma kunoonekwa munyika dzeBolivia neBrazil.
Africa
Mukondinendi yeAfrica, nzvimbo yakaoma yesango inocherechedzwa kubva kumhenderekedzo yeAtlantic iri pakati pesub-Saharan savanna kuchamhembe uye chikamu chesango rinonaya mvura kumaodzanyemba. Inoteverwa muRift Valley kunharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweNamibia uye inopedzisira yakura muAfrica Plateau. Yekupedzisira inosanganisira zvikamu zveEthiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique neZimbabwe kusvika kuzvitsuwa zveMadagascar. Saizvozvowo, nzvimbo dzine masango akaoma dzinoonekwa muEgypt.
Indo-Asian Region uye Australasia
Munzvimbo dzeAsia, masango akaoma emamiriro ekunze emonsoon anocherechedzwa, anouya kuzopa mhepo inoramba ichiita monsoon. Matunhu anofukidza rudzi urwu rwebiome iPakistan, India, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweChina, zvakare ichicherechedzwa kuchamhembe nekumabvazuva chikamu cheAustralia.
Flora
Iyo flora inopindirana nemhando dzose dzemiti dzinowanikwa mukati meimwe nzvimbo, munyaya yemasango akaoma, ane zvishoma zvakasiyana-siyana zvemiti pane masango anogara achinaya mvura, nenzira imwechete iyo inopa mhuka yakakura yezvipenyu, iyo inonyanya kukosha ichasimbiswa pasi apa. :
Leguminosae kana Fabaceae
Zvirimwa zvakaiswa mukati memhuri yeLeguminosae ndezviya zvinomera, zvinokwira, zvegore kana zvisingaperi. Ndiwo anowanzo wanzogara mukati memasango akaoma, achiratidzira mapoka ane mashizha akakamurwa zvakanaka, maitiro avo achave akasiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenzvimbo yavanowanikwa:
- America: mhando dzemiti yakadai seAcacia, Pithecellobjum, Albizia, pakati pevamwe, inoonekwa.
- Africa: munzvimbo dzeZambia masango emopane (Colophospermum mopane) anocherechedzwa, imhando yerudzi rwema legume, nepo masango ari kumatunhu ezasi anosanganisira mhando dzakadai seAcacia ine hurefu hunosvika 8 metres.
malvaceae
Iyo inozivikanwawo seBombacaceae, iboka remiti yemiti, yemiti uye shrubby; Vane mamwe mashizha ane tsinga pashizha reshizha uye mazhinji anowanzo kudonha. Imwe yemhando yayo ndeyemiti yemabhodhoro, inozivikanwa nehunde yakakora muchimiro che curve. Munyika yeAmerica, Ceiba (Ceiba pentandra) inowanikwa zvakanyanya, muAfrica Baobab (Adansonia spp.) uye muAustralia Brachychiton populneus.
monsoon forest
Masango emonsoon anomira pachena nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze uye mhepo dzekutengeserana, kazhinji rudzi urwu rwesango runotangira munzvimbo dzine mwaka wemvura chero yakaoma uye ivhu rawo rakapfuma musimbi. Iyi mhando yebiome inoonekwa muIndia uye muSoutheast Asia mhando dzakadai seTeak (Tectona Grandis Verbenaceae), zvakare mamwe marudzi e bamboo (Bambusoideae), marudzi emango (Mangifera spp.), neem (Azadirachta indica), pakati pezvimwe.
fauna of
Inowirirana nemhando dzose dzemhuka dziripo munharaunda, dzinoita basa rekupfumisa nekuchengetedza kuenzana munzvimbo yadzo yechisikigo. Kana iri masango akaoma, haagadziri mhuka dzakawanda kwazvo, izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekushisa uye kusavapo kwemvura. Kunze kwemasango akaoma, anoratidza huwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu, mamwe acho anoratidzwa pazasi:
Zvipfuwo
Iri ikirasi yemhuka dzinodziya-dzine ropa dzinozvarwa kubva mudumbu uye mazhinji anofamba nemakumbo mana, mumasango akaoma eSouth America kondinendi felines senge puma (Puma Concolor), ocelot (Leopardus Pardalis) uye Jaguar. (Panthera onca). Pakati pemhuka dzinoyamwisa pane zvikara zvakaita setsoko dzvuku (Alouatta Seniculus) nenguruve dzemusango dzakaita seCollared Peccary, zvichiratidza kuti mhuka dzinoyamwisa dziri mukati meiyi ecosystem zviremwaremwa nemakonzo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mukati memasango emopane ekondinendi yeAfrica, nzou ( Loxodonta africana), zvipembere zvitema ( Diceros bicornis ), twiza ( Giraffa camelipardalis ), warthog ( Phacachoerus sp.) uye mbizi ( Equus spp. ) zvinogona kucherechedzwa. Mhuka idzi dzinonyanya kudyiwa nemhuka. Nepo zvikara zviripo ishumba (Panthera leo) nembada (Panthera pardus).
bird
Imhuka dzine vertebrate dzinodziya, dzinobereka uye dzinochochonya kubva mazai (oviparous), dzinofamba, kusvetuka uye vazhinji vanogona kubhururuka, ichi chiri chimiro chavo chikuru. Pakati peavo vanogara mumasango akaoma eSouth America, guacharacas (Ortalis ruficauda) uye turpial (Icterus icterus) inomira, iyo yekupedzisira ichionekwa sechiratidzo chenyika yeVenezuela. Mukondinendi yeAfrica unogona kuona mhou (Struthio camelus), magora (Torgos, Trigonoceps neGyps) uye gondo rehondo (Polemaetus bellicosus).
Reptiles
Imhando yemhuka ine vertebrate yakafukidzwa nezvikero zvisina minhenga kana vhudzi, inogona kuenderana nemamiriro epasi uye emvura; Mukati memasango akaoma unogona kuwana nyoka dzine chepfu (Bothrops) uye turtles (Chelonoidis carbonaria).
Climate
Mamiriro ekunze ndiwo mamiriro emamiriro ekunze enzvimbo chaiyo, achipesvedzera zvinhu zvakasiyana senge geography, mamiriro ekunze, pakati pezvimwe. Mumasango akaoma mune mamiriro ekunze maviri emwaka anopisa ane mwaka wekunaya kwemvura uye mwaka wekuoma kwenguva refu. Kunonaya mvura iri pakati pe600 mm kusvika 2000 mm, inova nguva yekunaya kwemvura zhinji asi zvimwe chetezvo nguva dzekusanaya kwemvura dzinobva pamwedzi mitatu kusvika kumishanu. Avhareji yetembiricha yayo yakakwira, inodarika 3ºC.
Relieve
Mamiriro epasi (terrestrial reliefs) anoreva zvimiro zvepasi zvichiratidza mamiriro emophological angave neimwe nzvimbo. Masango akaoma anopa mamwe mazano, mune mamwe mapani, intramontane mipata, mapani uye makomo emakomo anoonekwa. Zvizhinji zvacho zviri pakati pegungwa nehupamhi hurefu hwemamita mazana matanhatu pamusoro pegungwa uye nzvimbo dzine makomo dzine hurefu huri pakati pe600 ne700 mamita pamusoro pegungwa.
Nzvimbo yeSango Rakaoma
Masango akaoma ari mumakondinendi eAfrica, Asia neAmerica, kuwedzera kukuru kweiyi ecosystem kunowanikwa munyika dzeSouth America, imwe neimwe yadzo icharatidzwa pazasi:
Dry Jungle muMexico
Mexico ndiyo imwe yenyika dzine kuwedzera kukuru kwemasango akaoma, ari kure ne equator, nzvimbo yaro inowanzova yakaoma, kuva chinhu chinobatsira kune rudzi urwu rwezvisikwa; Nechikonzero ichi, chikamu chikuru cheYucatan Peninsula chinopa huwandu hweiyo biome, uko mwaka wakaoma unobva kumwedzi mishanu kusvika kumwedzi misere iri 5 metres pamusoro pegungwa.
Tree Species
Masango akaoma eMexico anouya kuzopa huwandu hwemhando nhatu dzemhuri dzezvirimwa, yekutanga iri legumes sequebracho (Lysiloma divaricata), Chaparro (Acacia amentácea) uye huizache (Acacia constricta). Burseraceae yakadai seChinese copal uye tsvene copal inogonawo kuonekwa. Munzvimbo yechipiri mumhuri yemalvaceae mapoppies uye pochote, imwe kirasi iripo ndeye michindwe yakadai secoyol (Acrocomia aculeata) uye guano palms (Sabal japa). Pakupedzisira, maCactaceae anocherechedzwa, akadai sematenga (Neobuxbaumia tetetzo) uye candelabra, iyi mhuri yekupedzisira ndiyo yakanyanya kuwanda mune yese biome.
Nixticuil Sango reMexico
Isango remhandara (sango rekutanga) rekuwedzera kukuru angangoita 1860 mahekita, ari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweMetropolitan nzvimbo yeGuadalajara muMexico; Iyo inzvimbo yakachengetedzwa yakasikwa pamwe chete nemamwe masekete akavakidzana. Pakati pemhando dzemaruva aripo, mioki nemioki inomira pachena, seQuercus fogaceae, palo dulce (Eysenhardtia polystachya) uye copal (Bursera spp.). Nepo mhuka dziripo zvino dzichigarwa nemhuka dzinoyamwisa dzakadai semhungu, tsuro, possums uye skunks.
Dry Forest muColombia
Colombia ine mawedzero makuru esango rakaoma munharaunda yaro, rakagovaniswa semapani nenyika yeVenezuela. Nhasi, 8% yeiyi ecosystem inorambira munyika ino, kurasikirwa kweiyo biome nekuda kwehurombo hwekurima, kukura kwemaguta uye kudzvanywa kwezvipfuyo kwaonekwa. Nzvimbo chaiyo iri pamhenderekedzo yeCaribbean uye mudunhu remapani anozivikanwa seValles del Patía, Arauca neVichada. Ivo vanoonekwa zvakare muAndean montane mipata yeCauca neMagdalena nzizi.
Biodiversity
Biological diversity iri mumarudzi ese ezvinomera (miti, miriwo nemakwenzi) nemhando dzemhuka (shiri nezvinoyamwisa). Masango akaoma eColombia aripo akapoteredza 2600 emiti yemiti pakati pemiti, cacti, bignoniaceae uye mhuri dzemalvaceae; 230 marudzi eshiri uye 60 marudzi emhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Miti iripo mumasango akaoma eColombia ndiyo cumalá (Aspidosperma polyneuron), cruise (Platymiscium pinnatum) uye caracolí (Anacardium excelsum). Mamwe marudzi emiti inogara ichiitika ndeorejeros (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), chicalá (Handroanthus ochraceus) uye igüá (Albizia guachapele).
Dry Jungle muPeru
Masango akaoma muPeru anowanikwa munharaunda yePacific yegungwa, kunyanya kumawere ekumadokero pedyo nemakomo eAndean. Iwo anozivikanwa semasango equatorial, ane kuwedzera kuchikamu chekuchamhembe kweDunhu reTumbesian, kubva kuGulf yeGuayaquil kusvika kunharaunda yeLa Libertad. Iri sango rinogoverwa neEcuador, richipinda mukati menyika yePeruvia kuburikidza neMarañón Valley ine 2800 mamita pamusoro pegungwa. Imhando yesango rakaoma rakaoma rine mamwe marudzi akakodzera senge ceiba (Ceiba pentandra), cacti, legumes uye huswa.
Masango akaoma emwaka ari pakati peAndean anowanikwa mumipata ye intramontane, inozivikanwa nekuve nzvimbo ine makomo ine 500 kusvika 2500 metres pamusoro pegungwa, iri mhando yesango rakaoma rakaoma. Vane mitsara miviri, kuwedzera kune denga remiti ine mamita manomwe kusvika ku7 mamita pakureba, mhando dziripo ndeye cacti (cactus) uye legumes (ceibas).
Dry Jungle muEcuador
Sango rakaoma riri muEcuador rinosvika mahekita 41000 XNUMX, iwo rudzi rwesango rakaoma rine maruva rinogoverwa nePeru (inozivikanwa seTumbesino). Chikamu chikuru cheiyi ecosystem chinowanikwa muLoja uye muZapotillo Canton. Mhando dzemiti inogara iyi Ecuadorian biome ndiyo guayacanes (Handroanthus chrysanthus) chikamu chemhuri yeBignoniaceae, kuwedzera kune ceibos (Ceiba trichistandra) yemhuri yeMalvaceae, imhando yemuti unoshamisira nekuda kwechimiro chavo chembiru.
Pamusoro pekuve nekusiyana kukuru kwembesa, kuratidza mhando dzecarob (Prosopis juliflora) uye almond (Geoffroea spinosa). Mamwe marudzi akakodzera anoti palo santo (Bursera graveolens), muyuyo (cordia lutea) uye hawthorn (Pseudobombax millei).
Dry Forest muArgentina
Masango akaoma anoratidzirwa nekupa nzvimbo yakaoma nemvura shoma, munyaya iyi ivo vari munzvimbo yekuchamhembe kweArgentina, nzvimbo inonzi Chaco yakagoverana neParaguay neBolivia; pakati penyika idzi pane nzvimbo huru yesango rakaoma. Iyo geology yenyika yeArgentina inoumba kuenderera kwakasiyana kune akasiyana mamiriro ekunze uye ecology. Inotonga mwaka miviri chete yakaoma uye yekunaya kwemvura, ine tembiricha inodziya iri pamusoro pe20 degrees Celsius.
Ivo vanocherechedzwawo munzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kusvika pakati penyika yeArgentina uko xerophytic mhando dzakadai seProsopis, Acacia, pakati pezvimwe, dzinocherechedzwa; Rudzi urwu rwedunhu runoratidzwa nekuve matunhu asina mvura kana kuti ane hunyoro hwemamiriro ekunze, zvirimwa zvinowanikwa muzvikamu izvi zvinochinjirwa kushomeka kwemvura uye nharaunda yakaoma.
Hunhu Miti
Miti yemiti inowanikwa mumasango akaoma eArgentina ndiyo quebracho tsvuku ( Schinopsis balansae ), white quebracho ( Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco ), kuwedzera kune carob tree ( Prosopis alba ), lapacho ( Handroanthus impetiginosus ) uye black guayacaú ( Caesalpinia ) paraguariensis). Kune zvakare dzimwe mhando dzemichindwe dzakaita seyatay (Butia yatay), pindó (Syagrus romanzoffiana) necaranday (Trithrinax campestris).
Dry Jungle muVenezuela
Nekuda kwehukuru hwakakura hwezviwanikwa, Venezuela inoonekwa senyika yakapfuma, ine akati wandei akasarudzika mamiriro enzvimbo ayo anoipa akasiyana siyana ezvipenyu, pakati pavo kuvapo kwemasavannah, nzizi, madziva, makomo uye kunyanya kuwedzeredzwa kwemapani. kuti dzinowedzera munzvimbo yekumadokero kwenyika, inoonekwa semasango akaoma.
Munzwa
Nzvimbo dzakaoma dzemunyika dzinozivikanwa se espinar-cardonal, uko mhando dzemiti midiki senge makwenzi ane minzwa uye columnar cacti, inonziwo cardones, inotonga. Iyi mhando yedunhu inoonekwa muLara state depression, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweFalcón uye muUnare depression.
Mhuka dzakanyanya mumatunhu aya ndedziya dzemhuri yeArborescent cacti, senge datum cardón (Stenocereus griseus) uye lefaria cardón (Cereus repandus), pamwe neglobose sub-shrub cacti sebuchito (Mammillaria mammillaris). ) uye chirimwa (Melocactus curvispinus); rumwe rudzi rwemhuri yechirimwa imbesa dzakadai se yabo (Parkinsonia praecox) uye cují yaque (Prosopis juliflora). Mukuwedzera pakuve nekuvapo kwehuni hwakapararira, miti yemiti inokura pasi pemiti yemiti panzvimbo yakaderera.
Deciduous Sango
Masango akaoma anowanikwa mumakomo emahombekombe, kunyanya kuchamhembe kwenyika uye mudunhu remapani ari kumaodzanyemba, anosanganisira nyika dzeApure, Barinas uye chikamu chemakomo eAndean, achiratidzira masango ane masango ane makomo akadzikira, anenge 6 metres kusvika 9 metres, nenguva yakaoma inosvika mwedzi mitanhatu ine avhareji tembiricha ye6 degrees Celsius.
Mhuka dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzezvirimwa mumhando iyi yesango ndeye legumes, malvaceae, cacti uye bignoniaceae. Pakati pezvimwe zvinonyanya kuonekwa ivera (Bulnesia arborea), yacure (Pithecellobium dulce) uye araguaney (Handroanthus chrysanthus), iyo yekupedzisira ichiva chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha pakuva chiratidzo chenyika.
Semi-deciduous sango
Inonyatso kuzivikanwa semapani ekumadokero ari munzvimbo dzeLara, Cojedes, Barinas, Apure, Guárico nedzimwe, kune nzvimbo yakakura yemasango ane masango ane mawere, ane hova dzemvura yakachena (nzizi nemadhamu), inoonekwa seimwe nharaunda dzakapfuma kwazvo muzviwanikwa zvenyika yose, zvinosuwisa kuti zvimwe zvacho zvakaparadzwa nekutema miti kusingadzoreki, kuwedzera kwezvipfuyo uye kushandiswa kwekurima.
Nhasi kune matunhu akadzivirirwa nenyika semasango emasango, achiratidzira Caparo iri muBarinas; Miti yakanaka yemiti yakadai semisidhari (Cedrela odorata), padillos (Cordia alliodora), saqui saqui (bombacopsis quinatum) uye Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) inowanikwa.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira:
Mishonga yeMishonga uye izvo zvavanoshandiswa
Kukosha Kwemvura kune Zvipenyu