Mumukana uno tinokuunzira ruzivo rwese maererano ne sango rakaoma, tichifunga nezvezvimiro zvakapararira murudzi urwu rwezvinomera zvakasiyana. Muchinyorwa chino uchaziva zvese nezvemamiriro ekunze aro, kurerukirwa, zvinomera, pamwe nekuziva kusiyana-siyana kwemhuka dzirimo.Usazvipotsa!
Ndeipi tsanangudzo yesango rakaoma?
Tsanangudzo yesango rakaoma rinoumbwa kuburikidza neshanduro iyo inopupurirwa mune zvayo zvakakosha maitiro. Iyo yatinonzwisisa nayo kuti sango rakaoma rinomiririra kurongeka kana seti yezvinomera inoumbwa nemakirasi kana mhando dzemakwenzi, masango kana miti inowanzowanikwa mune yakaderera sediments.
Mwaka waro unowanzo kuitika pasi pemamiriro ekunze akaoma kwazvo, asi zvakare inovandudza mhando yemamiriro ekunze anopisa ane kudziya kunokwanisa kuwedzera kwenguva yakareba yechando. Rudzi urwu rwesango rwakamiririra imwe yenzvimbo dzakafumurwa zvikuru dziri munjodzi, nekuda kwekugarwa kwenyika dzadzo nemunhu, pamwe nehunhu hunahwo ivhu, izvo zvinoita kuti basa revanhu rirebeswe, richiitwa. kutema kushandiswa kwehuni sechinhu chikuru chehupfumi.
Pasi rose maererano nefungidziro uye zvidzidzo zvakaitwa, zvinotariswa kuti nyika ine 1.000000 square kilometers inotambanukira mune mamwe makondinendi, kunyanya, masango akaomesesa uye akakura zvakanyanya ari munzvimbo. America kondinendikunyanya muSouth America.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinodiwa zvinoumba sango rakaoma?
Zvinhu zvinodikanwa izvo zvinofanirwa kuwanikwa mumhando iyi yesango rakaoma rinofanira kunge riri, kutanga kwezvose, mamiriro ekunze, ayo anoshandisa simba guru pane hunhu hunotungamira munzvimbo, tichifunga kuti zvinomera zvinokwanisa kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze. mhando yemamiriro ekunze aripo munzvimbo.zvakatipoteredza, panobva mhando yesango.
Ichiteverwa nemamiriro okunze, uye pakupedzisira, chinosarudza sango rakaoma rudzi rwevhu riripo musango, ichi chiri chinhu chinosarudza nokuda kwokukura kunokosha kwezvinomera, sezvo zvichifanira kugovera zvinomera kukura kwakanyatsonaka uye kunofambira mberi.
Sango rakaoma rakagadzirwa sei?
Masango akaoma ane chimiro nezvinomera zvisina kuoma mukusiyana neayo anogara achinaya semvura inonaya munzvimbo dzinopisa. Chimiro chayo chine zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze akaoma zvachose, uye zvakare inoumbwa nemhuka hombe inoidya zvakanyanya.
Pasi pemaitiro akataurwa pamusoro apa, masango akaoma akakamurwa kuva marudzi akasiyana, ayo isu tichakupa ruzivo gare gare zvakadzama, kuitira kuti iwe uzive kusiyana kwemasango akaoma ayo akadzidzwa nekuchenjerera uye nekuzvipira.
Ndedzipi mhuka dzatingawana mumasango akaoma?
Sezvinotarisirwa, rudzi urwu rwesango rinowanzochengetera mukati menzvimbo dzaro mhuka dzakawanda dzinoshamisa dzinoiperekedza uye dzinotsanangura pamwero mukuru, mazhinji ayo asingakwanisi kuwanikwa mune mamwe marudzi emasango, sezvo achipa kana kupa mamiriro anodiwa kune kukura kuzere kwehupenyu hwavo mukati mekurarama kwemhuka kwakasimbiswa. Dzimwe dzemhuka idzi ndedzi:
- Nzou
- vana
- Puma
- Jaguar
- Nyoka
- mhando dzakasiyana dzetsoko
- Hyenas
- Leones
- Tigers
- Mhando dzakasiyana dzeshiri, pakati pedzimwe mhuka.
Hunhu hwesango rakaoma
Masango akaoma anomiririra chimiro chakakwana chesango maererano nechimiro chayo uye hunhu hwakanyanya uye hunoshamisa. Iyi inzvimbo yepasi pevhu, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa neine nzvimbo dzakadzika. Pakati pehunhu hunotungamira mu sango rinodonha tinowana zvinotevera:
chirimwa chimiro
Chimiro chechirimwa chinowanikwa mumasango akaoma ambotaurwa chinomiririrwa nehuwandu hwekudyara kwezvirimwa zvakasvibirira zvinoshandura semiti, makwenzi uye makwenzi anogona kuwanikwa akapararira, pamwe nekupa hukuru hukuru uye huwandu maererano nekusiyana-siyana. zvinomera zviripo panzvimbo.
urefu hwemuti
Kureba kwemiti kunomiririra chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha munyaya iyi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti musango rakaoma miti inowanzoyera mamita manomwe kusvika gumi nemaviri, uye kusiyana nemamwe marudzi emasango, iyi ine miti yakakura-yakakura iyo dzimwe nguva inosvika pakukura kwemamita makumi matatu kusvika makumi mashanu.
adaptive mazano
Chimwe chezvikonzero chinoganhurirwa chose chose muurwu rudzi rwesango rakaoma sezviri pachena imvura inokosha, chitubu chisingawanzodzikama zvikuru mumugariro wokunze waaya masango, idi rinokudziridza rudzi rwomusengwa wokupukunyuka muzvinomera.
Tichifunga nezvekuti nzira dzinoitwa nezvirimwa ndiko kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemvura yakakosha panguva dzakati wandei dzekuoma nenzira yakabatanidzwa, kuitira kuti urambe uri mupenyu uye nekudaro kuwana kubereka uye kutenderera kwehupenyu hunotsanangurwa.
Kupera kwemashizha
In the sango rakaoma Miti yacho inoita hunyanzvi hunovatendera kuti varambe vachichengetedza iyo yakakosha mvura. Iyi nzira yakavakirwa pamudziyo wemashizha, achikwanisa kubuda nemashizha awo. Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwekuita runogona kuunza migumisiro yakaipa mune zvimwe zvikamu zvehupenyu hwavo.
Nenzira iyi, zvidyarwa zvinofanirwa kuderedza metabolism, kuitira kuti nenzira iyi kuchengetedzwa kwesimba ravainaro kugone kuvimbiswa, uye kana mvura ichingouya, vanogona kuburitsa simba rakawanda rinovabvumira kuvaka kana kugadzira mashizha. yakagadziridzwa zvachose. Mu sango rinodonha Mamwe marudzi anowanzo kuwanikwa, akadai se:
- Ceiba
- teak
- phreatophytes
Zvinoshamisa kuti zvinomera zvesango rakaoma zvakasvibira zvachose. Zvidyarwa zvakanyanya kukosha kunyangwe kuoma kwemamiriro ekunze, chiitiko ichi chinowanikwa nekuda kwehukuru hwezvirimwa zvinokura kuburikidza nekugona kurarama kwazvinazvo, kusvika pakuchengeta mvura mukati mekudzika kwadzo, mhando inoita chiitiko ichi chirimwa chemuorivhi.
kuchengetedza chimiro
Miti mizhinji ine mwero wakachengetwa wemvura inokosha inobvumira kuti irambe iri mipenyu munguva iyo mvura isinganayi. Matura emvura aya anochengetwa mumidzi pamwe chete nemadzinde.
kuderedza kurasikirwa
Zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kuderedza kurasikirwa kwese kwemvura, kuburikidza nekuderedzwa kwemashizha avo, kusimbisa chikamu chechimiro chavo nemhando yenyama ine kuoma kukuru.
Kuderedzwa kweshizha remashizha
Chiito chambotaurwa chinoshandura mukugadzirwa kwemhando yeshizha yakawanda kwazvo inobvumira kuti shizha rideredzwe nenzira yakanyanyisa.
Mhando dzemasango akaoma
Kune akasiyana siyana emasango akaoma mune ecology akasiyana akatitenderedza, rimwe nerimwe rawo riine akacherechedzwa uye akasarudzika maitiro anoita kuti ave akakosha zvinoshamisa. Mhando dzesango dzinosiyana zvichienderana nechimiro chiripo muhunhu hwezvakatipoteredza, kureva mamiriro ekunze, tembiricha, rudzi rwevhu pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha pakuumbwa kwesango kana masango akaoma. Pakati pemhando dzakakurumbira tinowana zvinotevera:
Jungle kana spinescent xeric sango
Iri sango rine miti yakawanda inoita mazano ataurwa pamusoro apa, nechinangwa chekuchengetedza mvura inobvumira kuwedzera kwehupenyu hwezvirimwa zvinokwanisa kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze.
Imwe yenzira dzinowanzoitwa zvinobudirira ndeyekushanduka kwemashizha anogona kuzoita spines, chiito chinonyatso shamisa maererano nekupona kwechirimwa uye kugona kwavo kugadzirisa. Kunyanya, mhando dzesango idzi dzinowanzowanikwa mu Africa kondinendi, mune rimwe remasango akapfuma mune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana iMadagascar.
masango anodonha
Mumhando iyi yesango tinowanzo kuwana nguva yakarebesa yekuoma inogona kupera kubva pamwedzi mitanhatu kusvika gumi neimwe. Kazhinji, zvinomera uye zvipenyu zvinogara munzvimbo idzi dzine masango zvinowanzorasikirwa nemashizha kana mashizha pachawo, nekuda kwemwaka wakaoma unowedzera panguva yambotaurwa.
Masango kana semi-deciduous masango
Miti iripo mumhando iyi yesango yakasvibira zvachose, uye kusiyana nemasango ane mashizha, zvinomera zvinowanzochengetedza hupfumi uye mashizha nguva dzose, kunyange mumwaka wakaoma, izvi zvinokonzerwa, nenguva yekuoma uye mashizha. kusingaperi musango, tichifunga kuti mwaka uno unoderedzwa kubva pamwedzi mitatu kusvika kumishanu.
Sango kana monsoon sango
Iri imhando yesango rakaoma kwechinguva, chimiro chayo chinopihwa nekukura kukuru kwechirimwa. Miti yaro yakaoma zvikuru, kuoma kwemavara ayo kunogona kuenzaniswa mune mamwe mwero norudzi rwesango rinogara richinaya rine mutoo womunzvimbo dzinopisa.
Ini ndinowanzo
El Pasi pevhu Imhando yevhu ratinowanzowana mumhando iyi yesango, izvo zvinoreva kuti fetiraiza yavanoburitsa inoshanda zvine mwero. Pamusoro pekuve ne pH yakapihwa nemwero.
Mukuwedzera, rudzi urwu rwevhu rune zvishoma zvishoma zvinovaka muviri kupfeka nekuda kwekugezwa kunogara kuri mavari, tichifunga kuti rudzi urwu rwevhu rinotora uye rinochengetedza mukati maro mamwe emvura. Kune chikamu chayo, midzi yemiti inoda kuwedzera muvhu rakapiwa nehupamhi hwakakwana, kuti upinde mukati mavo uye uzvisimbise zvakasununguka.
Nzvimbo yemasango akaoma
Masango akaoma anowanikwa munzvimbo dzinodziya dzinopisa, pasi pemhepo ine mhepo ine simba semamonsoon, ayo anowanzo kunaya zvakanyanya mumwaka wegore, zvichikonzera kushanduka kwekushisa nguva nenguva. Aya marudzi emasango akaoma anowanikwa mumakondinendi anotevera:
America
Nzvimbo ine masango iri munyika yeMexico, kunyanya mudunhu reYucatan, iri mudunhu reCentral America. Nepo sango rakaoma rakakamurwa pakati peColombia neVenezuela, tichifunga kuti nyika mbiri idzi dzine mapani akakura. Dzimwe nyika dzine masango nemasango akaoma ndeidzi:
- Brasil
- Peru
- Borivhiya
- Argentina
- Ekwadho
- Kuve Brazil nyika ine masango akawandisa uye masango akaoma, kusanganisira, zvakare,
- Borivhiya
Africa
Africa ikondinendi inowanzo zivikanwa uye inoratidzwa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwakakura kwenzvimbo dzesango uye savanna hombe dzinoitsanangura. Masango akaoma anowanikwa munzvimbo dzinotevera:
- Kenya
- Ijipiti
- Mozambiki
- Madhagasika
- Tanzania
Aya masango anowanzofukidza zvikamu zvikuru zvekondinendi yeAfrica, kubva kusub-Saharan savanna, kusvika kunharaunda yeNamibia, achikwanisa kuwedzera kuburikidza nepamusoro pebani reAfrica.
Nzvimbo yeIndia-Asia
Aya anomiririra masango ane mamiriro ekunze makuru emhepo yemadutu emhepo. Aya masango anogona kuwanikwa munyika dzinotevera:
- China
- Vietnam
- Tailandia
- Pakistan uye Eastern Australia
Flora iripo mumasango akaoma
Imwe yemhando dzatinogona kuwana mumasango kana masango akaoma ndeyeMalvaceae chirimwa mhando. Iyo ine morphology iyo hunde yemiti yakakora. Mhando iyi yemiti inowanzonzi muAmerican continent, Ceiba, tichifunga kuti mune dzimwe nyika dzekondinendi dzinowanzopa imwe nzira yemazita, somuenzaniso, muAfrica inozivikanwa se boabab. Panyaya yesango remonsoon tinowanzo kuwana mhando dzemiti dzakadai se:
- Iyo bamboo
- mhando dzemango
- teak
- fauna of
Zvisikwa zvakakura uye zvakawanda mumasango ane miti mitema nepakati pemiti, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze anopisa ayo mamiriro ekunze anopa kune huwandu hukuru hwezvirimwa nemhuka dzinogara kune dzimwe nzvimbo kana masango ane masango. Pakati pemhuka dzakatanhamara tinogona kuwana zvinotevera:
- Zvipfuwo
- primate monkey
- red howler tsoko
- Nguruve dzemusango
- Bats
- Guinea yenguruve
- Nemakonzo akasiyana sembeva
- Panyaya yemasavanna emuAfrica tinogona kuwana mhuka dzakasiyana siyana dzatinowana:
- Twiza
- Zvipembere
- Nyati
- Mbizi
- Nguruve yemusango
- Mbada
Mukondinendi yeAmerica tinowana marudzi anotevera eshiri:
- Guacharacas
- Harpy gondo
- Gondo remhanza
- magora
- Magora
- Hawk
- Mhou
Panyaya yezvinokambaira tinogona kuwana:
- makarwe
- alligators
- Nyoka dzakadai:
- Anaconda
- Jingle Bell
Kunaya
Masango akaoma ane mvura yakasiyana-siyana inonaya kubva pa600 mm kusvika pa2000 mm. Nekudaro, kunyangwe ichokwadi chekuti kunaya kwakanyanya, mwaka wakaoma unogona kuwanikwa unotora mwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu.
Relevate
Rusununguko rwatinogona kuwana mu sango rinodonha, yakasiana chose chose uye yakapiwa kuvapo kukuru kwemipata nezvikomo, zvakapiwa mapani makuru nenharaunda dzamakomo. Kureba uko izvi zviripo kunosvika 700 metres pamusoro pegungwa.
Biodiversity
Nezve zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasango akaoma, tinogona kudzikamisa kuti kune kuwedzera kukuru kwezvipenyu zvinogara munzvimbo idzi dzomusango, idzo dzakagadzikana zvachose, tichifunga kuti nzvimbo yekugara uye yezvakatipoteredza inopa mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana nzvimbo yakasiyana. kuitira budiriro izere yenguva yehupenyu yavanokura.
- Anenge 2.800 marudzi emiti anowanikwa
- 250 marudzi eshiri
- 100 mhuka dzinoyamwisa
CONCLUSIONS
Takadzidza zvakasiyana-siyana uye hunhu hunosiyanisa masango nemasango akaoma ane hukama hukuru kune kushamisa kwechimiro chavo, kusvika pakuziva kunaya kukuru, maitiro emamiriro ekunze anofambidzana nawo, pamwe nekusiyana-siyana kwemarudzi anogara maari.
Kune chikamu chayo, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti imwe neimwe yemasango atakambotaura kare, maererano nekuparadzaniswa uye kupatsanurwa kwemasango nemasango akaoma ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehemispheres, uye makondinendi enyika, imwe neimwe yemasango ane zvakasiyana. maitiro ane chekuita nemhando yemiti, pamwe nekusiyana kwemhuka dzirimo.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szeQPUxV56s
Tinogona kuwana huwandu hwehunhu mumasango eAfrica ayo asingawanzo kusimudzira mumhando dzemasango emuAmerican continent. Imwe neimwe yemasango ari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenzvimbo dzine hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hwezvipenyu zvinoita kuti ive yakasiyana uye inongopfumisa chete.
Hunhu hwekuvapo kwemasango aya mukuzara kwayo kugona izvo zvinomera zvadzo zvinomiririra, uye kunyangwe izvi zvine mamiriro ekunze ane nguva refu yekusanaya kwemvura, tinogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti nhamba huru yezvipenyu nemhuka inogona kuwanikwa pakati pe zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu.
Nzvimbo idzi pari zvino inzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa nevakuru venzvimbo dzerudzi rumwe norumwe, vanogara vachiita zvidzidzo kuti vawane ruzivo rwakadzama rwemhando yevhu ravo, kubviswa kwekupisa nekutema miti, kuitira kuchengetedza kurarama kwezvipenyu. gara munzvimbo idzi.