La sango rakaoma inoverengerwa seimwe yeakanyanya hunhu ecosystems inotonga munzvimbo dzakasiyana kana matunhu, mune ino positi tinokukoka iwe kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve rudzi urwu rwesango, maitiro aro, mamiriro ekunze, zororo uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Usazvipotsa!
sango rakaoma
Inonzi sango rakaoma iro ecosystem kana biome, umo nharaunda inotungamira iyo inoperekedzwa nehukuru hwemiti inowanzova nehunhu hwesango rakaoma, mukati umo kuvepo kwemamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro hakukure.
sango rakaoma dzinoratidza mamiriro ekunze akaoma zvachose. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune kurebesa kwechando, iyo ine nguva yeinenge mwedzi mina kusvika mitanhatu. Kana iri mhando yevhu, kazhinji kacho ine chikamu chepakati kubva muzana chefetiraiza, ichi nemhando yekuberekana kwezvirimwa uye kubereka kukuru.
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emasango akaoma pakati peakanyanya kuwanda atinogona kutaura, ndiwo masango anodonha, ane hunhu hwakanyatsotsanangurwa, ari rimwe remasango akazara kwazvo munyika yezvirimwa, sezvo mazhinji acho achichengetwa aine mvura inonaya. yakaturikirwa mumapopoma makuru, ayo anoiisa semuriwo wekuoma kukuru uye kusimukira.
Gare gare tichave tichipa maitiro esango rakaoma, iro isu tinogona kutaura kuti chimwe chazvo ndechekusiyana-siyana kukuru uye mashizha emiti yaro, tichiverenga iyo ine anenge 40 kusvika 60 mamita ekukwirira.
Kana iri maruva nemhuka, materu maviri aya anomiririra chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru izvo rudzi urwu rwe sango rinodonha ari maari, mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana idzo dzakajairika dzakanyatsoenderana nemhando yemamiriro ekunze ayo nzvimbo inovapa.
Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvinomera, sezvo kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinomera zvinoita kuti hupenyu huri pedyo nesango, nenzira yakasununguka inobvira, nemamiriro ekunze ari akanaka kuti agadzikane.
Hunhu hwesango rakaoma
La sango rakaoma Ine hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hwehunhu hunoiperekedza uye nekuitsanangura nenzira yakajairika, tinovonga kwavari isu tinogona kufungidzira kana tiri pamberi pesango rakaoma, rinopisa, kana nyoro, hezvino mamwe emamwe maitiro ayo akatanhamara:
chirimwa chimiro
Sezvatakambotaura, the sango rakaoma Iro hariverengwi sesango rakaoma kunzwisisa, nokuda kwechimiro chinoriratidzira. Haifungidzirwe kunge yakaoma sezvo chimiro chezvinomera zvayo chakakamurwa kuita 3 strata chete. Izvi ndezvi:
- maitiro emakwenzi
- bumhudza
- herbs
Aya marudzi matatu ezvinomera anoitika nekuchengeta nguva kukuru musango rakaoma, umo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuwanikwa, kusiyanisa mashizha pamwe nekuwanda kwemiti yataurwa pamusoro apa.
Kana iri miti, mumasango akaoma kazhinji kune miti miduku pane mamwe marudzi emasango, chokwadi chinoda kuziva. Sezvatakataura muchikamu chekare, miti yaro inogona kusvika kusvika mamita makumi mana, zvisinei, mune zvishoma zvezviitiko, vazhinji vavo vanowanzogara pamamita gumi nemashanu pakureba.
- adaptive mazano
Izvi zvinomiririra humwe hunhu hwayo hwakanyanya, tichifunga kuti zvinomera zvinokwanisa kuchinjika nenzira inoshamisa kune shanduko huru uye maitiro emamiriro ekunze. Tichifunga nezvakawanda zvezvinomera zvinoita hupenyu mumhando iyi ye sango rinodonha kuchengetedza marudzi akasiyana-siyana emaitiro ekugadzirisa, mazano aya akabatanidzwa nemvura, iyo inoita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira uye kurarama kwezvirimwa zvinogara mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma.
Kunyangwe iyo sango rakaoma Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuderera kwekuvapo kwemvura, munzvimbo idzi kazhinji kune dzimwe nguva dzekunyorova, dzine nguva shoma shoma kana kurebesa, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, mhando dzakawanda dzemiti dzinoshandisa zvakakwana kudonha kwemvura kwechisikigo, vachishandisa iyi yakakosha sosi. kugara munguva refu yekusanaya kwemvura kuripo musango. Dzimba mumidzi yayo chikamu chemvura yakakosha senzvimbo inochengeterwa iyo mukufamba kwenguva inovabvumira kurarama mumamiriro ekunze ekusanaya kwemvura.
Kupera kwemashizha
Zvinoshamisa kuti, iyi ndiyo imwe yemaitiro anogadzirwa nezvirimwa kudzivirira kudzikisira kana, zvichitadza, kurasikirwa kwehuwandu hwemvura yakakosha (mvura) iyo yainayo mukati mechimiro chayo, ndosaka, kudzivirira chiitiko ichi, zvirimwa zvinowanzodururwa. mashizha avo kuti awane kuchengetedza kwehuwandu hwemvura inounganidzwa kuti irarame zvisikwa munzvimbo yavanogara.
Kana ichi chiitiko chikaitwa, simiti inopinda munzvimbo yekuzorora, kuitira kuderedza simba rekupfeka, pamberi pechiitiko ichi zvirimwa zvinorasikirwa nechidimbu chikuru chemashizha awo, zvisinei, zvinokwanisa kudzoreredza mashizha nekuuya kwemvura.
- phreatophytes
Zvinoshamisa kuti zvinomera zvinochengetedza zvakafanana zvakasvibirira hue mumashizha ayo, ndicho chikonzero nguva yakareba yekusanaya kwemvura isingakanganisi zvachose maitiro emiti. Iyi greening effect inoitwa nekuda kwekuunganidza nzira iyo zvinomera zvinotora zvinobudirira. Pakati pemiti inokwanisa kuita izvi, tinowana muorivhi.
- kuchengetedza chimiro
Zvino, sezvatataura muzvikamu zvakapfuura, zvinomera zvakakura zvesango rakaoma zvine unhu hwekuchengetedza mvura, mubvunzo unomuka, unoichengeta kupi? Zvakanaka, chimiro chekuchengetedza chinochengetwa muhunde uye, zvakare, mumidzi yemiti, ingave iri miti kana mamwe marudzi emiti miduku. Vese vanoita izvi reserve effect. Pakati pezvirimwa zvinonyanya kukwanisa kuita chiitiko ichi nekubudirira kukuru, tinowana miti inonzi xilopódios.
- sclerophyllous
Inomiririra nzira inobvumira nzira yekutora mvura. Inobvumirawo kupfeka kwemvura kana, kukundikana izvo, kurasikirwa kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Kuderedzwa kweshizha remashizha
Ichi chiitiko chakasikwa zvachose, chinobvumira mashizha akaenzana kuti anyatsokura, zvisinei, kuderedzwa kwavo kunonyatsooneka nekuda kwesimba rinobudiswa nezuva.
Mhando dzemasango nemasango akaoma
Kune hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana hwemasango uye masango akaoma, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane maitiro akafanana mune dzimwe nguva. Pazasi isu ticharatidza akajairika marudzi emasango aripo mune mamwe matunhu pasi rese, ayo akanyatso kupihwa nekuvapo kukuru kwemaruva nemhuka.
Spinescent xerophytic sango
Inomiririra imwe yemhando dzemasango ane zvinomera zvakakura, umo mune kuvapo kwemiti mikuru, yakapiwa nemashizha akanyatsorongeka akaperekedzwa ne sclerophyll process. Mune mamwe maitiro, masango aya anewo mamwe maitiro anobvumira mashizha kuti awane shanduko inoshanda, iyi muhutano hwavo hwose, kusanganisira tsinde uye kunyange mashizha ayo. Iyi nzira yesango inowanzowanikwa muAfrica kondinendi.
Mariri mune kuwanda kukuru kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti, zvisinei, zvinomera zvinonyanya munzvimbo idzi ndezviya zvine minzwa muchimiro chazvo. Pakati pavo roses, uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana e cacti.
sango rinodonha
Ndiyo imwe yemhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzesango, iyo ine kuoma kukuru mukati, inofungidzirwa kuti nguva yakaoma inotora inenge inenge mwedzi mitanhatu. Mune yakawanda yeiyi mwaka yakaoma, ruzhinji rwezvinomera zvinogadzira hupenyu munzvimbo idzi zvinowanzorasikirwa nemashizha, chokwadi chisiri chakashata zvachose, nekuti kuburikidza neichi chokwadi, zvinomera zvinokwanisa kuchengetedza mvura uye kurarama munguva yakaoma.
Masango kana semi-deciduous masango
Zvinofadza kuti iyi ndeimwe yemasango kana masango, ayo anowanzove ane zvinomera zvisingarevi mashizha akasvibirira, pane zvinopesana, zvinopfuura makumi mashanu kubva muzana zvemiti zvine mashizha akaoma zvachose. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti nguva yekuoma inogona kubva pa4 kusvika kumwedzi mishanu.
Sango kana monsoon sango
Izvi zvinogona kunge zvine humwe hunhu hwesango rinodonha, zvisinei chimiro chayo chinogona kuoma zvakanyanya, chichifananidzwa nemasango anopisa, sezvo sango remonsoon rine zvinomera zvakadzikama, izvo zvinogona kuratidza hombe epiphytism.
Ini ndinowanzo
Sango rakaoma kazhinji rine chitaera kana rudzi rwevhu rejecha, kunyangwe masango akawanikwa aine rudzi rwevhu revhu, iri riri ivhu rinoverengerwa sevhu rinobereka zvibereko, rinoita kuti zvirimwa zvikure nekubudirira kukuru. magadzirirwo awo midzi yawo.
Kutenda kune nguva huru dzekusanaya kwemvura, ivhu harina kukanganiswa maererano nekubviswa kwezvokudya zvaro, kuchengetedza izvi nekuvimbika kukuru uye kubereka. Ivhu rinofanira kunge rakadzika, sezvo midzi yemiti inoda kutora midzi mukati mechimiro ichi, izvo zvichavabatsira kuramba vakagadzikana pasi pavanenge vakasimwa.
Nzvimbo yesango rakaoma
Mamiriro ekunze anopisa akazara anowanzomiririra nzvimbo yakachengetedzeka uye yakanyanya kuchengetedzwa painokura masango akaoma. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nemhepo ine simba inorova mukati mavo, pakati pavo tinowana mhepo yemonsoon, iyo inokanganisa masango akaoma munguva dzakatarwa dzegore.
America
Kubva kuMexico kuenda kuBrazil, tinogona kuona zvinomera zvakakura uye kuvapo kwemasango akaoma mukondinendi yeAmerica, ichi chiri chimwe chezvinomera zvakakura kwazvo pasi rose, iyo ine mhatsa huru yemhuka nemaruva mukati mayo. Vese muVenezuela neColombia unogona kuona rudzi urwu rwesango rakaoma, rakapfuma zvachose muchimiro chayo chechisikigo. Sezvakaita kune dzimwe nyika dzakadai se:
- Argentina
- Ekwadho
- Peru
- Brasil
- Paraguay
Idzi ndidzo dzimwe dzenyika dziri mukondinendi yeAmerica, idzo dzine nzvimbo huru kana matunhu ekukura kukuru kwezvinomera munharaunda yavo, sango iri rinoonekwa serimwe remasango anoyevedza pasi rose, nekuda kwehukuru hwehunhu hwaro, mamwe ari nyika idzi dzakatorwa semegadiverse nekuda kwemasango nemasango anowedzera munzvimbo idzi.
Africa
Panyaya yekondinendi yeAfrica, sango rakaoma riri pakati pemavirazuva, iro rinokwanisa kupinda munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzeAfrica. Africa inoverenga seimwe yemakondinendi ane huvepo hukuru hwemasango akaoma. Pakati penzvimbo dzinochengetedza huvepo hwemhando iyi yesango tinowana:
- Mozambiki
- Somaria
- zimbabwe
- Kenya
- Ethiopia
- Madhagasika
Nharaunda yeAsia
Munzvimbo iyi kana dunhu, mhepo dzemonsoon dzinonyanya, dzine nzvimbo huru. Muchiitiko ichi, masango akaoma anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinotevera:
- Pakistan
- Tailandia
- Cambodia
- Vietnam
Flora iripo musango rakaoma
Rudzi urwu rwesango rakaoma rinozivikanwa zvikuru iro rakareruka zvikuru maererano nemisiyano yarinopa nemasango anogara achinaya mvura, kana kuti masango ane mwando. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze anoitika munharaunda yavo, sezvo iyi isiri mhando yemamiriro ekunze anonyatsoenderana nemhando dzakawanda dzezvirimwa nemhuka. Zvisinei, ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvipenyu zvinoiperekedza. Pakati pavo tinowana zvinotevera zvinomera mhando:
Fabaceae
Imhando yemiti inowanzowanikwa mumasango mazhinji kana masango akaoma. Vanowanzo kuuya mumarudzi akasiyana, ose ane hunhu hwakanyatsotsanangurwa uye hutete. Panyaya yemasango akaoma ari muAmerica kondinendi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinomera, pakati pemarudzi anoita hupenyu mairi tinowana:
- Acacia
- Pithecellobium
- Zvinyorwa
- albiza
- Ceiba
Panyaya yemasango emuAfrica, pane kazhinji dzimwe mhando dzinomira pachimiro chadzo, pakati pemiti yakawanda tinowana miti mirefu, kusanganisira mitiro yemiti inonzi mopane.
malvaceae
Pasina mubvunzo, izvi zvinomiririra imwe yemhando dzezvinomera zvinowanzomira zvakanyanya semiti mikuru. Miti iyi ine zvimiro zvinokatyamadza, nekuda kwehunhu hwehunde yavo yakakombama, inofanana nechimiro chebhodhoro. Ceiba chimwe chezvinomera zvinonyanya kuwanikwa mumasango eAmerica.
Sango reMonsoon
Imhando yesango umo marudzi akasiyana-siyana emushenjere anotonga, rudzi urwu rwe Muti hunhu hwakakwana, tichifunga nezveunhu hwainahwo.
mhuka dzesango dzakaoma
Sezvatakaratidza, the sango rinodonha kana kuti ine mhando hombe dzemhuka mukati, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze asingafarire mhuka zhinji dzinojairana nedzimwe mhando dzenzvimbo dzinopisa, izvo, idzo chete mhuka dzinokwanisa kujairana nemamiriro akanyanya anopihwa. nemasikirwo esango rakaoma. Pakati pezvipenyu zvinogadzira hupenyu munharaunda yacho tinogona kuratidza zvinotevera:
Zvipfuwo
Pakati pemhuka dzinoyamwisa dzinonyanya kumira pane rudzi urwu rwesango zvekuti tinowanzowana mhuka dzepanyika dzakakwanisa kujairana nenharaunda yadzinogara, pakati padzo tinowana:
- Puma
- Jaguar
- Nzou
- Ocelot
Zvakare, mamwe marudzi etsoko anowanzo kuwanikwa, akadai se Spider monkey, iyo ine mararamiro anobvumira kuwana nyaradzo munzvimbo dzakapoteredza musango, kuva imwe yemhuka inoramba ichinyatsofadzwa nemamiriro echisikigo nemikana inopiwa nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Kana dziri nzou, idzi dzinowanzowanwa zvikuru mumasango eAfrica, setwiza, ndosaka nhamba huru dzerudzi rwembizi dzichiwanwawo. Kusiyana nesango reAmerica, iro rine mhuka dzesango shoma, sezvo makonzo anowanzo kuwanikwa muhuwandu uye mhuka dzakawanda dzinogara dziripo, dziri dzematunhu akasiyana kana nyika dzaanoganhurana nadzo. Mariri kazhinji inowanikwa:
bird
Kana dziri shiri dzinoita upenyu musango rakaoma, tinowanzowana zvakasiyana-siyana, sezvo idzodzi dzakawanda Mhando dzeshiri izvo zvinogara zvichitamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo kana matunhu, kutsvaga chikafu, zvisinei, zvimwe zvacho zvinoramba zvakamira munzvimbo, pakati pezvatinowana zvakanyanya:
- The Turpial
- The Guacharaca
- Mhou
- magora
- martial eagle
Reptiles
Iyi ndeimwe yemhando dzakawanda kwazvo musango rakaoma, sezvo vachikwanisa kuenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze, pakati pezvinokambaira zvakanakisa zvatingataura:
- Nyoka
- Turtles
- zvidhoma zvecomodo
- iguanas
masango akaoma mamiriro okunze
Chaizvoizvo, rudzi rwemamiriro ekunze akanyanya kukosha kuratidza maererano nesango rakaoma, pasina kupokana chinhu chinotsanangura mamiriro ayo anokura uye anotsanangura nharaunda yawo. Kazhinji, masango akaoma anowanzo kutsanangurwa nekukura kwavo mumamiriro ekunze anopisa uye nzvimbo.
Kunaya
Nezvekunaya kwemvura, izvi zvinowanzo hunhu husingawanzo kuwanikwa mu sango rakaoma, zvisinei, apo kuvapo kwadzo kunoitika mukufamba kwadzo kana kuti rwendo nomunharaunda ine masango, mvura inonaya inoramba iri pamusoro pe700 mm uye inotowedzera kusvika kuanenge 1.900 mm. Zvisinei, nguva yekuoma inotora inenge hafu yegore.
Temperatura
Pamusoro pe30 ° tembiricha yemhando iyi yesango rakaoma rinowanzoitika, inova rudzi rwekupisa kwakadzikama.
Relieve
Rusununguko rwuripo mumasango akaoma akasiyana, sezvo vane nzvimbo dzakawanda kubva kumakomo e-morphologies akasiyana-siyana uye hukuru, pamwe chete nemhando dzakawanda dzemiti, sonde zvakare inzvimbo dzakakura, mipata yekuwedzera kukuru uye ukuru, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. iyo inotsanangura maitiro ekuyamura kwesango.
Sango rakaoma muMexico
Mexico inotora seimwe yenyika iyo, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwayo nharaunda, ine zvikamu zvakakura zvemasango, masango, mapani, makomo, uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshongedza nharaunda dzayo, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, masango akaoma anowanikwa munzvimbo yake. ndima. Mumhando iyi yesango, nguva yekuoma inowanzova yakareba zvikuru. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti nguva yekusanaya kwemvura yakaiswa pazasi pemwedzi ye7.
Sango rakaoma muVenezuela
Venezuela ndiyo imwe yenyika dzine megadiverse dzisingakwanise kushaikwa kubva pane iyi runyorwa. Izvi, nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwenzvimbo dzinotsanangura nyika, imwe yenyika dzinoganhurana neAmazon, kuwedzera kwenzvimbo inozivikanwa se mega green lung inoratidzwa nezvinomera zvakakura zvinoyambuka akati wandei nyika dzeSouth America.
MuVenezuela, kuvapo kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emasango kunozivikanwa, kwete chete akaoma, asiwo matunhu ane makomo, achiperekedzwa nezvinomera zvakakura umo huwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu hwakanyatsoenderana nemhando yemusangano unopiwa nemhoteredzo inogona kuwanikwa. Pakati pemhando dzesango dzinowanzo kuwanikwa munyika ino, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena:
sango rinodonha
Izvi zviri mumakomo. Izvo zvinotsanangurwa nemasango ane makomo marefu. Kusiyana nemasango eMexico, aya ane nguva yakaoma iyo inotora mwedzi mitanhatu, ichiperekedzwa nekupisa kweanenge 28 °.
Nhamba huru yemarudzi emiti inowanikwa mune iri sango reVenezuelan rakaoma. Kukwanisa kumira pakati pavo, zvinotevera:
- Mbesa
- Vacure
- Araguaney
- Yacure
- Cactaceae
- Vera
- arboreal
Ndiwo mamwe emarudzi ezvinomera anotekeshera musango rakaoma riri muVenezuela. Kuva araguaney muti unofananidzira, une mhando yemashizha anonyanyo zivikanwa nekuda kweruvara rweyero rwakanyanya mashizha awo. Nehunde yebrown inochengetedza kusiyana kunoita kuti muti uve wakakosha, iyo nhasi inhaka yetsika yenyika.
semi-deciduous yakaoma sango
Rudzi urwu rwesango ndirwo rwunonyanya kuwanikwa munharaunda yese yeVenezuela, sezvo ruchiwanikwa mumapani mazhinji anotsanangura nyika. Rudzi urwu rwesango rune migero yemvura, inonzwisiswa senzizi, mapopoma, madhamu, uye madziva anotambanuka munzvimbo yese yesango. Nechikonzero ichi, rudzi urwu rwemasango dzimba mukati mayo huwandu hukuru hwemhuka dzemhando dzinogara munharaunda.