Muchinyorwa chino, ndichakurukura nezvemarudzi ese eruzivo nezve Andromeda Galaxy . Iyi galaxy yakakurumbira, inozivikanwawo seM31 kana NGC 224, igalaxy hombe inotenderera, iri pedyo nesu uye inoonekwa nemaziso, kunyangwe iri kure nemamiriyoni maviri nehafu emakore echiedza kubva pasi redu.
Andromeda chikamu cheboka remagalaksi anozivikanwa se "Local Group," iro rinosanganisira magalaksi maviri makuru anotenderera : Andromeda neMilky Way . Magalaksi makumi matatu asara muLocal Group madiki; nemamwe mazwi, mazhinji acho masatellite eimwe yemagalaksi makuru.
Kune rumwe rutivi, chokwadi chisingakanganisike maererano neruzivo nezve Andromeda Galaxy ndechekuti ndiyo galaxy inonyanya kudzidzwa, sezvo zvichibvira kuona mairi, kubva kunze, hunhu hwese hwegalaxy, kureva, chimiro chayo che spiral, mapoka akatenderera uye akavhurika, zvinhu zvemuchadenga, astral nebulae , supernova debris uye universal axis.
Zvinogoneka kuti zvinhu izvi zvinowanikwawo muMilky Way, asi hazvigoneke kuzviona nemazvo sezvo takanyura mariri, sezvo ruzhinji rwenyeredzi dzedu rwakavanzwa neguruva remuchadenga.
zvimwe Ruzivo nezve Andromeda Galaxy
Uyezve, zvakaonekwa kuti Andromeda neMilky Way zviri kuswedera pedyo nekukurumidza nekumhanya kweinenge 500.000 km/awa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuroverana pakati pazvo kunogona kuitika mumakore angangoita mabhiriyoni matatu. Kana izvi zvikaitika, kuroverana hakufanirwe kufungidzirwa sepakati pemitumbi miviri yakasimba, asi semagalaksi anofamba nepakati pemumwe nemumwe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinobva kumagalaksi ese ari maviri zvichapararira, uye zvasara zvinoumba galaksi hombe yakatenderera .
Misa yeAndromeda Galaxy
Andromeda ine huremu hunofungidzirwa kuti hwakapetwa kanenge kamwe nehafu kupfuura Milky Way , uye kupenya kwayo kwakapfuura kaviri. Inoonekwa nemaziso asina chinhu uye yakaonekwa nenyanzvi yezvenyeredzi yePersia Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, uyo akaidhirowa muna 964 AD. Uyezve, inozivikanwa kuti yakaonekwa pamepu yemuchadenga yeDutch muna 1500.
Saizvozvowo, kwenguva yakareba zvaitendwa kuti Andromeda Nebula yaive pedyo zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe. William Herschel akatongawo zvisirizvo, zvechokwadi, kuti daro rayo rakanga risiri rakakura kupfuura reSirius (makore zviuru gumi nenomwe echiedza); akaiona se " nzvimbo yechitsuwa " iri pedyo zvikuru, yakafanana neyedu.
William Huggins akataurawo musiyano uripo pakati pemagasi ane mafungu, nechitarisiko chawo chakatsetseka, uye "mafungu ane nyeredzi" atinoziva iye zvino kuti magalaxies. Andromeda yakaratidza mitsetse inooneka yakaramba iripo, yakafanana neyenyeredzi. Uyezve, muna 1887, Isaac Roberts akawana mifananidzo yekutanga yeAndromeda Nebula , ichiratidza kekutanga hunhu hwayo hwedenderedzwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, muna 1912, VM Slipher weLowell Observatory akaverenga kumhanya kweAndromeda Galaxy, ndokuona kuti ine kumhanya kwakanyanya kupfuura kwakamboonekwa, kweinenge makiromita mazana matatu pasekondi.
Muna 1917, Heber Curtis akawana ma novae gumi nemaviri muAndromeda. Paakaona kuti aya akanga asina kusimba kagumi pane akaongororwa muMilky Way, akafungidzira kuti Andromeda yaiva kure nemakore zviuru zvishanu echiedza uye kuti iyo, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana zvaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo se spiral nebulae, zvakanga zvisiri zvisikwa asi magalaxy akasiyana. Muna 1920, Curtis naHarlow Shapley vakaita gakava guru. Shapley akataura kuti Andromeda yaive nebula iri pedyo.
Zvisinei, muna 1925 Edwin Hubble akawana nyeredzi dzeCepheid dzakasiyana-siyana mumifananidzo yeAndromeda. Kuwanikwa uku kwakajekesa kuti zvinhu zvakadaro chaizvoizvo magirafu, kufanana neMilky Way, asi akakura chete, saka Andromeda Nebula (zita richiri kuwanikwa mumagwaro ekare) rakazonzi Andromeda Galaxy. Muna 1929, Hubble akataura nezvepfungwa yake yakakurumbira yekuti Andromeda Nebula inyeredzi dziri kunze kwegalafu , zvichireva kuti iri kunze kwegalafu redu.
Nezvezviri pamusoro apa, muna 1943 Walter Baade ndiye akatanga kunzwisisa nyeredzi dziri pakati peboka renyeredzi reAndromeda, uye akataurawo kuti kwaive nemapoka maviri eCepheids , ayo airatidza kudzokorora daro rawo kusvika padanho riri pedyo nerinotenderwa nhasi.
Uyezve, kana tikawana rumwe ruzivo nezveboka renyeredzi reAndromeda, Spitzer Space Telescope yakaratidza kuti Andromeda ine nyeredzi dzine trillion imwe chete, dzinopfuura nhamba yenyeredzi dziri muboka iri kagumi.
Iyo Hubble Space Telescope yakaona zvakare kuti Andromeda galaxy M 31 ine mbiri axis. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ingave ine macores maviri akajeka, pamwe nekuti "yapedza" galaxy diki yakambopinda paaxis yaro, kana kuti zvikamu zvepakati payo zvakafukidzwa nechikamu chakasviba.
Nzvimbo yeAndromeda Galaxy
Rumwe ruzivo nezveAndromeda Galaxy nderokuti nekuda kwenzvimbo yairi, chinhu chatinogona kufungidzira nemaziso, zvisinei iyo inowanikwa 2.5 miriyoni light-years kure, negwara rinonongedza kuboka renyeredzi reAndromeda. Kuti tive nekwanisi kuiisa neunyanzvi, tinofanira kubata chikwere chePegasus, uye kubva ipapo zvichava nyore kuisa. Inogona kuonekwa kubva pasi nehombe, diki oval shape ine yakanyatsopararira contours, panguva imwe chete ichipa yakawanda chiedza.
Chimiro cheAndromeda Galaxy
Saka, Andromeda ine chimiro chakafanana, ine nzvimbo mbiri dzenyukireya dzakaparadzaniswa nemakore akati wandei echiedza . Mimwe mishumo inoratidza kuti nzvimbo idzi dzinogona kufamba-famba uye dzave dzichiparara nekufamba kwenguva.
Manyuchi emagalaksi ane nzvimbo dzinofamba zvine simba uye ane maburi matema makuru . Zvimwe zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti magalaksi ane bhaa pakati, ndosaka zvichigona kunzi akafanana neMilky Way.
Vaongorori venyeredzi vakataurawo kuti kupenya kwekunze kwenyeredzi chikamu chedenderedzwa renyeredzi. Sekureva kwedzimwe tsika, girafu iri riri kushanduka kuita girafu rine denderedzwa, umo utsi neguruva zvinoungana mumhete dziri pedyo nepakati. Andromeda inoumbwa nehydrogen isina kusimba, zvichikonzera kurongeka kwenyeredzi kunoramba kuripo uye kwakasimba. Ine nhamba yakakura yemagirafu esatellite, mazhinji acho ari pamucheto mumwe chete.
Mapuraneti eAndromeda Galaxy
Imwe ruzivo nezve Andromeda Galaxy ndeyekuti masayendisiti akawanda akaedza kuwana mapuraneti ari mukati mayo achishandisa materesikopu anokwevera pasi . Chinhu chega chekudenga chavakakwanisa kuona chine huremu hwakapetwa katanhatu kana kanomwe kupfuura hweJupiter. Vazivi venyeredzi nevasayendisiti vanofungidzira kuti iyi ingave ndiyo nyika yekutanga muAndromeda Galaxy.
