Muchikamu chino ndichataura pamusoro pemarudzi ose iruzivo nezve galaxy andromeda. Mupfungwa iyi, iyo yakakurumbira Andromeda Galaxy, inobatwawo seM31 kana NGC 224, iguru rinotenderera renyeredzi, riri padyo nesu uye rinoonekwa neziso rakashama, zvisinei nekuti iri 2,5 miriyoni chiedza makore kure.
Zvakare, Andromeda chikamu chesangano reungano dzinodaidzwa kuti "Local Group of Galaxies", iyo inobata magnas maviri. mapoka enyeredzi spirals, kureva, Andromeda and the Milky Way. Kupfuurirazve, mamwe asara amapoka enyeredzi anodudzwa samapoka enyeredzi enzvimbo, 30 maduku; Mune mamwe mazwi, mazhinji acho masatellite eimwe yepamusoro.
Kune rumwe rutivi, chokwadi chisingakanganisi maererano neruzivo rweAndromeda galaxy ndechekuti ndiro galaxy rakadzidzwa zvakanyanya, sezvo zvichikwanisika kuona mukati maro, kubva kunze, hunhu hwese hwegwara renyeredzi, ndiko kuti, bumbiro raro remhepo, denderedzwa uye akavhurika masumbu, zvinhu zvepamhepo, nebulae astral, supernova marara uye universal axis.
Zvinogoneka kuti nenzira imwe cheteyo zvinhu izvi zvinowanikwawo muGwara Renzou, asi hazvibviri kuzviona nokururama kwakadaro sezvo takanyura mariri, sezvo zvizhinji zvegwara redu renzou zvakavanzwa neguruva. nzvimbo.
zvimwe Ruzivo nezve Andromeda Galaxy
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakaonekwa kuti Andromeda uye Milky Way dzinoswederana nounyoro dzichimhanya dzinenge 500.000 3.000 km/awa. Izvi zvinofananidzira kuti kunetsana pakati pevaviri ava kwaizokonzerwa mukati memakore anosvika XNUMX mamiriyoni. Kana ikakonzerwa, kudhumhana kwakadaro hakufaniri kutorwa sekuti kunoitika pakati pemiviri miviri yakasimba, asi kuti makwara enzou aizoyambuka rimwe nerimwe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chimwe chikamu chezvese zviri zviviri chaizopararira uye zvimwe zvese zvaizogadzira nyeredzi. elliptical zvikuru.
Misa yeAndromeda Galaxy
Andromeda, ine huremu hwakadzikiswa hunenge nekamwe nehafu uremu hwe Milky Way, uye inopenya kudarika kaviri. Inoonekwa neziso rakashama uye yakacherechedzwa nemuzivi wenyeredzi wePezhiya Abd-al-Rahman Al-Sufi, aimiririra uye akaidhirowa mugore ra964 AD Kutenderedza pamusoro apa, inozivikanwa kuti yakaonekwa zvakare pamepu yeDutch yenzvimbo. mugore re1500.
Saizvozvowo, kwenguva yakareba zvakatendwa kuti "Great Andromeda Nebula" yaiva pedyo zvikuru kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe. Uyewo, William Herschel akatonga, zvisizvo hongu, kuti nzira yake haina kuenda kure nenzira inoenda kuSirius (17.000 light years); akaisiyanisa seinonyanya kuenderana"zvose-island”, yakafanana neyedu.
Saizvozvo, William Huggins akacherekedza mutsauko uripo pakati pegaseous nebulae, nekuona kwavo mitsetse, uye “nyeredzi-yakabata nebulae” yatinoziva zvino kuva makwara enzou. Andromeda yairatidza mitsetse yeperennial spectral, yakafanana neyenyeredzi. Saizvozvowo, muna 1887, Isaac Roberts akawana mifananidzo yekutanga ye Nebula yeAndromeda, ichifumura kekutanga maitiro ekutanga esangano ravo rinotenderera.
Kune rimwe divi, muna 1912, VM Slipher we Kucherekedza Lowell akaverenga kumhanya kweradial yeAndromeda Galaxy, ndokuona kuti yaive nekumhanya kukuru kwati kwamboonekwa, makiromita angangoita mazana matatu pasekondi.
Heber Curtis akazivisa muna 1917 gumi nembiri nyeredzi novas muAndromeda. Paakaona kuti aya akanga asina kusimba pane mativi akaongororwa muGwara renzou, akafungidzira kuti Andromeda yakanga iri kure nechiedza chemakore 10 500.000 uye kuti zvose zviri zviviri iyo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana, zvaigarogarwa panguva iyoyo se<em>spiral nebulae, zvakanga zvisati zviri muchadenga asi makwara enzou akasunungurwa. Muna 1920 Curtis naHarlow Shapley vakaita nharo huru. Shapley akati Andromeda yaive nebula iri padyo.
Zvakadaro, muna 1925 Edwin Hubble akawana nyeredzi dzeCepheid mumifananidzo yeAndromeda. Kuwanwa uku kwakajekesa kuti midzimu yakadaro chaizvoizvo imapoka enyeredzi akada kufanana neGwara Renzou, ari kure zvikuru bedzi, zvokuti Andromeda Nebula (zita richiri kuwanikwa mumagwaro ekare) rakasvika pakubatwa zvakakwana seGarazi reAndromeda. Muna 1929, Hubble akashuma rondedzero yake yakakurumbira yeAndromeda Nebula sea star system yokuwedzera galactic, ndiko kuti, iri kunze kweboka redu renyeredzi.
Maererano nezviri pamusoro, muna 1943 Walter Baade ndiye akatanga kunzwisisa nyeredzi mukati mechikamu chepakati cheAndromeda galaxy, uye nenzira imwecheteyo akataura kuti kune marudzi maviri enyeredzi. cepheids, iyo yaifananidzira kuberekazve daro rayo kuukoshi hwatova pedyo zvikuru neinotenderwa nhasi.
Uyezve, kana tikatanga kuwana mamwe mashoko pamusoro peboka renyeredzi reAndromeda, teresikopu yemuchadenga. Spitzer yakaratidza kuti Andromeda ine nyeredzi bhiriyoni, inopeta nekagumi nhamba yenyeredzi dziri mu.
Iyo Hubble Space Telescope yakaona zvakare kuti Andromeda galaxy M 31 ine mbiri axis. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti ingave ine macores maviri akajeka, pamwe nekuti "yapedza" galaxy diki yakambopinda paaxis yaro, kana kuti zvikamu zvepakati payo zvakafukidzwa nechikamu chakasviba.
Nzvimbo yeAndromeda Galaxy
Rumwe ruzivo nezveAndromeda Galaxy nderokuti nekuda kwenzvimbo yairi, chinhu chatinogona kufungidzira nemaziso, zvisinei iyo inowanikwa 2.5 miriyoni light-years kure, negwara rinonongedza kuboka renyeredzi reAndromeda. Kuti tive nekwanisi kuiisa neunyanzvi, tinofanira kubata chikwere chePegasus, uye kubva ipapo zvichava nyore kuisa. Inogona kuonekwa kubva pasi nehombe, diki oval shape ine yakanyatsopararira contours, panguva imwe chete ichipa yakawanda chiedza.
Chimiro cheAndromeda Galaxy
Naizvozvo, Andromeda ine chimiro chakapetwa kaviri, zvakare ine mbiri mbiri dzinopisa nzvimbo uye dzakabviswa kwemakore mashoma. chiedza. Rumwe ruzivo rwakanyora kuti nuclei yavanonakidzwa inokwanisa kufambisa imwe neruremekedzo kune imwe uye iyo yakave isina kurongeka nekufamba kwenguva.
Iyo nuclei yemapoka enyeredzi ane nzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga yekufamba uye nekumiririra magaro super yakasimba matema. Imwe tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti makwara enzou ane mbariro pakati, saka zvinogona kutaurwa kuti yakafanana neGwara renzou.
Vazivi venyeredzi vakataurawo kuti kupenya kwokunze kwenyeredzi chikamu chedenderedzwa renyeredzi. Zvinonzi, maererano nedzimwe tsika, boka renyeredzi riri kuchinja kuva galaxy ine mhete, umo mhute neguruva zvinounganidzwa mumarin’i ari pedyo nepakati. Andromeda inonzi iine haidrojeni isina kwayakarerekera saka kurongeka kwenyeredzi kunoenderera uye kune simba. Iine nhamba huru yemagalaxi esatellite, uye mazhinji awo ari panzvimbo imwe chete.
Mapuraneti eAndromeda Galaxy
Mamwe mashoko pamusoro peboka renyeredzi rinonzi Andromeda nderokuti masayendisiti akawanda akaedza kuriongorora achishandisa teresikopu. giravhiti tsvaga mapuraneti asina kuenzana muAndromeda galaxy. Chinhu chimwe chete chomudenga chavakwanisa kufananidza chinorema zvakapetwa ka6 kana ka7 seJupiter. Vazivi venyeredzi nevazivi vanofungidzira kuti iyi inogona kunge iri nyika yekutanga muboka renyeredzi reAndromeda.
