Munzanga mune zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinomiririra rudo, runako, unyoro uye kubatana pakati pavo vese, maRosi anogona kujekeswa, zvirimwa izvo kubvira kare zvave zviripo mukushanduka uye kukura kwetsika dzemunhu zvichiratidza chiitiko chikuru kune yayo. symbology, Ngatizivei zvishoma nezvavo, pano munyaya ino.
Las Rosas
Roses inofananidzwa neboka remaruva emhuri yeRosaceae, inoratidzirwa kuva gwenzi rine minzwa uye maruva; kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana, ane maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye mamwe akafanana akafanana neminzwa uye mavara avo akanaka, chinhu ichi chekupedzisira chichaenderana chete nemhando yemhando, inogona kuzivikanwa se rosebush kana makwenzi maduku.
Muzhinji, makwenzi akasimuka anogona kuwanikwa mumhando mbiri dzemiti yakadai semakwenzi uye zvinomera zvinokwira, izvo zvinowanzova pakati peminzwa yose. Panyaya yemhando dzakafanana nemakwenzi, dzinogona kusvika masendimita makumi masere uye kunyange mita imwe, nepo vanokwira vanogona kusvika kusvika makumi maviri emamita, kunyanya kana vakakwanisa kukwira pane zvimwe zvirimwa.
Roses anoratidzirwa nekugara achinhuhwirira uye anosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi, anogona kutora mavara senge chena, pink, yero, orenji, bhuruu uye kunyange girinhi, kuve yakakurumbira munharaunda kuti ishandiswe mukushongedza, zviitiko nemhemberero. .
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emarudzi, angangoita 30,000 anogona kurimwa, ruzhinji runogara runowanikwa kuAsia kondinendi, kune mamwe anowanikwa kuEurope, North America uye kunyange Africa. Zvizhinji zvezvipenyu izvi zvinorimwa uyewo mahybrids anogona kushandiswa zvekushongedza nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kwawo uye ruvara.
Mukuwedzera, inogona kushandiswa kubviswa kwemafuta anokosha kubva kune marudzi ose avakatorwa, kunyanya kumunda wemafuta ezvinonhuwira, sechizoro, chemishonga uye zvakare mumunda we gastronomy. Kazhinji mhando huru dzinorimwa dzinoti Rosa Moschata, Rosa Damascena, Rosa Californica, Rosas Rugosas naRosa Gallica.
Vanhu vanotarisira kutarisira uye zvese zvine chekuita nemaruva vanozivikanwa sevarimi vemaruva asiwo seXNUMXth century rosalists, ivo vanowanzo tarisa pakusimbisa saizi yavo uye ruvara, nenzira iyi vachikwanisa kugadzira maruva ese akakura uye Akanyanya. anoyevedza, kazhinji haana chero rudzi rwekunhuhwirira, chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti marozi anonyanyozivikanwa kana echinyakare ndiwo anonhuwirira zvakanyanya, anotapira uye akasimba.
Nekufamba kwenguva, maroses ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa pakati pemaruva ese anotsvakwa nevanhu, aripo mumapindu mazhinji seboka rakakura remakwenzi emaruva asi anogara ari emhando imwe chete, ari iwo akasiyana akakura zvakanyanya paanenge ari makwenzi emaruva. diki kubva pa 1 kusvika ku 15 centimita pakureba kusvika dzave makwenzi kana kuti vanokwira vanokwanisa kusvika pakakwirira panokwanisa kufukidza pasi.
Mavambo eRozi
Mabviro emaruva anogona kurondwa kumashure kumakore angangoita 4000 Kristu asati auya, mumakondinendi eAsia neEurope. Uko budiriro dzekare dzakaita sevaEgipita, vaBhabhironi nevaGiriki ndivo vakatanga kurishandisa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokushongedza mudzimba uye sechiratidzo chorunako. Parizvino, marozi anogona kuwanikwa chero pasirese, akamira kunze kunyanya mukondinendi yeAsia sezvo ichionekwa senzvimbo yemabviro emaruva mazhinji.
Hunhu hweRozi
Iyo rose inoonekwa seruva, uye mamwe makwenzi uye rose makwenzi anowanikwawo mukati meboka iri. Rosa genus iboka remakwenzi ane maitiro akasiyana-siyana asi kazhinji ane minzwa uye ane maruva akawanda, ari iwo makuru anomiririra mhuri yeRosaceae.
Mhuri yeRosaceae inoratidzwa nekuve seti yemiti ine zvinhu zvakasiyana, inosiyana zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana dzine hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana, ichiiswa zvakanyanya nemichero, mashizha nemaruva, kana iri yemaruva vanoonekwa semahermaphrodites ane akasiyana siyana. petal styles inokwanisa kusvika mamita gumi nemashanu pakureba, pamusoro pekuve nehukuru hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo.
Iyo genus yeRoses ine chitarisiko segwenzi, ine midzi yakasimba uye yakadzika kwazvo, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva kuti kurima inofanira kuroverwa nekuti ine midzi midiki, ine hunde yehuni uye dzimwe nguva ruva kana ruva rinoonekwa muchikamu chepamusoro. mune zvimwe zviitiko kwete, kazhinji madzinde ane chimiro chakamira ane epidermis muchimiro cheminzwa (minzwa), matavi awo ane lignified ane ruvara rwegirinhi uye shava paanenge achiri madiki, anotanga kutora grey ruvara sezvaanokura. .
Mashizha ayo anogona kuve akaumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana, angave serrated uye petiolated, asi anogona zvakare kuve akatsetseka uye ane inopenya uye matte akasiyana. Vanogona kuratidza inflorescence pavanenge vaine kumusoro kana vari voga, vanowanzo umbwa nepetals mashanu uye ine mavara akasiyana. Iyo rudiments inogona kuve seminal, yemahara kana welded.
Classification yeRozi
Zvidyarwa zvese zvine kupatsanurwa kwakasiyana-siyana, ivo vanowanzo kupatsanurwa vachifunga nezve kwakasiyana dzidziso, kufambira mberi kwemajini uye molecular biology, kana iri Roses ivo ndeverudzi rwemiti, kunyanya kuchikamu cheStreptphyta, chiri mukati meboka re spermatophytes uye chikamu chiduku che rosids. Muchiitiko ichi tinoziva kurongwa kwemaruva kubva pakuona kwekurima, kuva mumapoka mana makuru akaiswa pasi apa:
Masango akasimuka makwenzi
Masango emusango ndeaya anokura muzvisikwa pasina chikonzero chekurimwa, ane mashizha anodonha uye anowanikwa kuEuropean continent, Africa uye kumadokero kweAsia; Iro shrub inogona kusvika kusvika mamita maviri pakureba, ine hunhu hwegirinhi ruvara, yakafukidzwa neminzwa uye ine mapoka kana ari oga akacheneruka pink uye/kana maruva machena uye michero yawo inogona kuva nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevhitamini C. , ichiva yakawanda. inoshandiswa kuita jamu uye tii. Pakati pemamwe marudzi anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya anotevera:
- abyssinian rose
- rose sora
- pink banksiae
- bracteata rose
- California rose
- Rosa caninao dumetorum
- rose chinensis
- corymbifera rose
- Rose Munyori
- rose foetida
- Gallica akasimuka
- Giant akasimuka
- Glauca akasimuka
- laevigata rose
- pink majalis
- micrantha rose
- Rose moschata
- rose moyesii
- Multiflora akasimuka
- rose nutkan
- rose pimpinellifolia
- pink pouzinii
- rose roxburghii
- Rubiginous rose
- Rough akasimuka
- sempervirens rose
- sericea rose
- stellate pink
- virginian rose
- wichuraian rose
Makwenzi ekare emaruva
Iwo ekare marosebushes ndiwo aya emubindu marozi akaonekwa pakati pegore 1867, anowanzoenderana neboka remarozi ane eEuropean uye zvakare Mediterranean mavambo. Igwenzi rine huni rinongova neruva rimwe chete, iro ruva rinoita semaruva anonhuhwirira, ane mashizha ekupikisa zvakanyanya kuzvirwere, ruvara rwayo rwuri pakati pechena, pink uye zvakare hunhu mutsvuku ruvara. Pakati pemamwe emhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya anotevera:
- albs
- musky
- Bourbonians
- centifolias
- Dhamasiko
- gallic
- reflowering mahybrids
- ndebvu
- Multiflora
- mossy
- noisettianas
- nokusingaperi
- Polyanthas
- Portland
- China
- Tea
Mazuva ano makwenzi emakwenzi
Mazuva ano marosebushes ndiwo ayo akaonekwa mushure me1867 kusvika ikozvino, anowanzoonekwa seaya marozi akapindwa mumapindu emazuva ano; kupatsanurwa kwavo kunogona kuve kwakaoma nekuti ivo vari chikamu cheboka ravo rekare roses, saka, ivo vanowanzo kupatsanurwa pakati pekukura, maruva uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinogona kuve nechizvarwa. Mamwe emakwenzi akajairika emazuva ano rose ndeaya anotevera kuratidza:
- bushy
- Tea yemasanganiswa
- floribunda
- grandifloras
- Polyantha
- vanokwira
- Sarmentose
- pernetians
- english collection
- Canadian hardy
- Miniature
- upholstery
- Patio
Dzimwe mhando:
Muchiitiko ichi, mapoka emakwenzi emakwenzi anomira kunze ayo asingawanzo kuwanikwa pakati pemapoka apfuura, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi anonyanya kufarirwa ndeaya anotevera:
- Rosebush kumira kureba kana tsvimbo
- Akadonha Achichema Rosebush
- rosebush landscaping landscape
- David Austin Roses
- Cheka maruva roses (bouquets)
Nhoroondo yeRozi
Kuzivikanwa kwemarozi kwakamira kubva kare kare munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi, asi nhoroondo yaro inotanga pachitsuwa cheKrete makore angangoita 700 BC, kwaishandiswa zvishongo, kushongedza kwedzimba nemaatari, inofananidzira kunaka kwayo uye kunyanya. colorful. Kubva budiriro yekare, marozi aipihwa kukosha kukuru sechinofanana cherunako nekunaka. Nekufamba kwenguva, yakatanga kuve nehuremekedzo hwepamusoro pakati petsika dzakaita seEgypt, Greek neRoman, ichive tsika dzakanyanya kukosha munhoroondo yekare yenharaunda.
Kunyanya muRoma, kufarirwa kwemaruva kwaive kwakakosha munzira huru, nekuti yaivepo mumapindu, uko imba imwe neimwe yaive nemaruva uye imwe inonyanya kuzivikanwa seRosetum. Mukati meMiddle Ages, kurimwa kwemaruva emaruva kwaifanira kuitirwa dzimba dzemamongi chete nokuti dzakanga dzakatsaurirwa zvinangwa zvechitendero. Zvino, muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, kufarirwa kukuru kwemaruva kwakatanga, kunyanya panguva iyo yakatanga kutumbuka nekuda kwekunaka kwayo kukuru, nekufamba kwenguva yaionekwa sechiratidzo chechimiro, nekubuda kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana itsva. mhuka dziri mudunhu rekumabvazuva.
Nhoroondo yechiGiriki yeRozi
Kune ngano dzakawanda dzakanangana nemaruva anoburitsa humwari uye akasiyana mabviro, kunyangwe paine akawanda mavhezheni anonetsa kuziva kwaakabva nyaya, aine mavhezheni mana makuru akamira pachena:
Cybele naAphrodite
Muchiitiko ichi, nyaya yengano dzechiGiriki inomira pachena apo mwarikadzi Cibeles anozivikanwa saamai vepasi, mwarikadzi Cibeles aiitira godo Aphrodite (mwarikadzi worudo) nokuda kworunako rwake rukuru, naizvozvo akaita chisarudzo chokusika chinhu chakazvarwa. kubva pasi pano kukwikwidzana nekunaka kweAphrodite, saka zvakauya kwaari kugadzira ruva dzvuku rakanaka kwazvo. Kubva panguva iyoyo, rozi raionekwa sechiratidzo cherunako rwekuva mukwikwidzi mukuru waAphrodite.
Iyo White Rose yeAphrodite
Mune imwe nyaya mungano dzechiGiriki, inofungidzirwa kuti Aphrodite ndiye muumbi wemaruva, panguva yaakazvarwa kubva mufuro regungwa uye aida kuedza simba rake nekugadzira chimwe chinhu chaive chakanaka saiye, panguva iyoyo. muupenyu hwake.pachipfuva pake pakabuda rozi jena raaizoshandisa sechishongo chake; rimwe zuva Dionisio akadira madonhwe mashoma ewaini paruva rikaita pink.
Aphrodite ropa
Zvinonzi marozi akamerawo pasi kekutanga kubva pasi, panguva yaakacheka tsoka yake achimhanyira mudiwa wake Adonis uyo akanga achifa mushure mekurwisa nguruve, apo akakuvadzwa akafa nenguruve .
Dionysus uye Briars
Zvinonzi zvakare Dionysus aitarisira kugadzira rosebushes kubva kurukato, uko nymph yakanga ichitambudzwa namwari, yakasungirirwa pakati pematavi egwenzi, apo Dionysus akaonekwa akatsvuka uye akafadzwa nechiratidzo. pamatama ake ndokuraira gwenzi kuti rishongedze nemaruva eruvara rwakafanana.
Kukosha kweRozi
Munharaunda yedu, zvidyarwa zvinobatsira zvakanyanya pakushandisa kusingaperi, asi roses inomira zvakanyanya munzvimbo mbiri, yekutanga iri mumunda wemishonga, nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwevhitamini C, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kutonhora, kukosora uye zvakare. flu. Iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa zvakanyanya senge laxative uye zvakare seanalgesic, mune iyi kesi zvinoenderana nerudzi.
Mukuwedzera, inoshandiswawo zvishongo semushonga kana chishongo chenzvimbo dzechisikigo kana mukati medzimba, mahofisi, pakati pevamwe; Roses ine chirevo murunako uye rudo, ndosaka ichishandiswa zvakanyanya sechipo pakati pevanhu vane rudo rukuru kune mumwe nemumwe, zvakare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechikamu chekushongedza kwemukati menzvimbo dzedzimba nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kwayo uye kunoshamisa. mavara.
Kushandiswa kweRoses
Kune akasiyana siyana ekushandiswa kwemaruva senge kushongedzwa, kushandiswa kwemishonga, zvishongo, pakati pevamwe, mune iyi nyaya mbiri dzemhando yekushandiswa kweroses dzichasimbiswa.
Gastronomic Kushandisa Roses
Mapeti eroses anowanzo shandiswa nenzira inodyika, izvi imhaka yekuti anoumbwa nenhamba yakakura yezvinhu zvakakosha sevhitamini C uye fiber, iri chikamu chezvimwe zvinotsvakwa zvakanyanya sendiro, soups, salads uye jam. Tevere, ngationei imwe yemabikirwo emhando iyi yechikafu senge "Rose Jam":
Zvimwe
- Zvipuni zvitatu zverosewater
- Makapu maviri eshuga
- 2 magirazi emvura
- Mandimu maviri
- 270 magiramu e rose petals
Chokutanga pane zvose, kuvava kwerose rose petals kunofanira kubviswa. Kuti uite izvi, zvakakosha kutema chikamu chezasi chemakumbo ose uye ipapo inofanira kunge yakasvibiswa muhari. Kamwe petals ari macerated, pfuurira kuwedzera shuga uye ipapo ndimu muto. Wedzera mvura uye wosiya 45 min pamusoro pekupisa kwepakati. Ipapo unofanira kuwedzera muto weimwe ndimu womirira kuti ifashaire. Pakupedzisira, inofanira kubviswa uye rose mvura yakawedzerwa.
Cosmetic Kushandisa Roses
Imwe yemashandisirwo makuru erose petals ndeyekugadzira zvizorwa. Zvese izvi zvinokonzerwa nekunhuhwirira kwavo, ivo vanoshandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzira mapefiyumu uye zvakare nerunako creams. Kunze kweizvi, roses inogona kushandiswa nekuda kwekuumbwa kwavo, iyo yakanakira ganda remafuta.
Technique yeKurima kweRozi
Kurimwa itsika yaiitwa nemunhu kubva kare apo kudyara nekuchengeta rudzi rwechirimwa kunoitwa kuti ukure kwakarongeka uye kubatsira kwacho kunharaunda.Pakadai apa, mbesa dzemarose dzakagadzirwawo zvakanyanya kune zvimiro zvinoratidzira uye zvinozobatsira munharaunda. zvinobatsirika, naizvozvo, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, zvikurukuru munyika dzokuEurope, vanonyanya kugadzira chirimwa ichi.
Kuti uite kurima kwemaruva, zvinodikanwa kuyeuka zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira kana kukosha zvachose kuvimbisa kukura kwakaringana kwemaruva. Kusimbisa chokwadi chekuti pane kuoma kwekuita maitiro ekudyara, nekuda kweichi chikonzero kune mamwe anodiwa kurudziro.
Chekutanga, unofanira kusarudza rudzi rwerozi raunoda kudyara nekuti munyika mune marudzi anopfuura 30,000 XNUMX akasiyana emaruva. Zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza zvakasiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo iyo inofanirwa kudyarwa kune mamwe mamiriro ekunze, ichifarira mamwe kupfuura mamwe. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kuita chidzidzo chemaruva anofarirwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yaunoda kukura, nenzira iyi kukura kwakanaka kuchavimbiswa.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti nzvimbo yakasarudzwa kukura roses inzvimbo inogona kugamuchira kanenge maawa mashanu echiedza pazuva. Uyewo kuratidza nzvimbo iyo inofanirwa kuve nemvura yakanaka, kudzivirira mvura kuti irege kuramba yakamira. Saka zvinodikanwa kuti ivhu harina kunyanya kusimba uye kwete jecha rakanyanyisa, munyaya iyi rinogona kugadziriswa nekuwedzera organic matter uye kudzivirira ivhu kuti risanyanya kuoma. Inokurudzirwa kuidyara pakupera kwechando uye zvakare pakutanga kwechirimo, iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakanyanya kukurudzirwa nguva yekudyara roses.
Maitirwo acho ari nyore, pekutanga ingochera gomba rakati kurei pane rozi uchiona kuti rinotsigira rozi. Kusimbisa chokwadi chekuti kana iwe uchida kudyara akati wandei marozi, zvinodikanwa kuti uzviparadzanise zvishoma masendimita makumi manomwe, nenzira iyi vanovadzivirira kubva mukukwikwidza zviwanikwa. Mushure mekuvhura gomba, compost inofanira kuwedzerwa uye kuita murwi pakati kuti uise mudzi we rose gwenzi pakati.
Kana midzi yaiswa mumurwi, gomba rinofanira kuzadzwa nevhu, nenzira iyi inova nechokwadi chokuti midzi yose yakavharwa uye tsinde inoratidzwa. Mushure maizvozvi zvinokurudzirwa kunwisa ruva nemvura yakakwana uye kumirira kuti pasi ribvise. Iyi nzira inoguma nekugadzira murwi wevhu wakakomberedza rozi. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kuedza kuibata kumeso nekungwarira kudzivirira kusakuvadza chirimwa. Nenzira iyi unogona kuchengetedza rosi kubva kumhepo uye kuichengeta panzvimbo.
Kuchengeta Roses
Roses inoenderana nechikamu chakakosha kune ese mapindu nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemaguta anoonekwa seayo makuru ekushongedza kwekunze uye mukati menzvimbo, nekuda kweichi chikonzero zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kutarisisa kwakasimba kweizvi zvinomera zvinoyevedza. hazvisi nyore.. Pazasi pane seti yemaitiro anogona kuitwa kuitira kuchengetedza rose makwenzi.
Chiedza
Chiedza ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakukura nekukura kwechirimwa nekuti chinobvumira akasiyana biochemical maitiro akakosha kuti hupenyu huitwe. Muchiitiko ichi, roses inoda kuvimbisa kushamwaridzana kwemaawa matanhatu echiedza, zvichienderana nemhando yemhando, nokuti vamwe vanosarudza mumvuri, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuvaisa kune zuva kwemaawa mashanu.
Substratum
Inofananidzwa nenyika kana ivhu rinoshandiswa kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwakaringana kwechirimwa muvhu rakasarudzwa, kuratidza kuti mvura yakaringana, kana isiri iyo yakanyatsokodzera inogona kuita kuti mvura idzikame uye nokudaro kuodza chirimwa. nepo kuve nekunyanyisa kwemvura hakubvumire chirimwa kuti chinyorovese nemazvo uye kutora hunyoro hunodiwa.
Kuchekerera
Kuchekerera kunoenderana neseti yehunyanzvi hunoshandiswa kudzora kukura kwemamwe mapazi kana zvikamu zvezvirimwa zvinokanganisa chimiro chavo chekunaka uye kukura kwedzinde. Makwenzi erose anowanzo tumbuka gore rose kutanga muchirimo kusvika pakati pechando. Nenzira iyi, marozi akasvava anogona kuwanikwa pakati pemaruva anobviswa. Imwe nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya ndeyekukwanisa kutevera dzinde rerozi rakaoma kusvikira wawana bazi rekutanga rine mashizha mashanu uye wozotemwa pamusoro paro.
Pakati pechando, kuchekerera kukuru kunofanira kuitwa, zvichibvumira matavi mana kana mashanu kuti arambe ari pahunde huru. Half pruning inogonawo kuitwa mumwaka kuchengetedza rosebush iri pakati nepakati. Haisi chinhu chinotsamira pakukura kwechirimwa.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvicherwa zviitwe nechigero chakapinza kwazvo nenzira iyi zvinovimbiswa kuti dzakachena zvachose, kudzivirira pecks. Vanofanirwawo kuve vakarerekera, vadzivise kucheka kwakatwasuka uye pasina kusiya fiber mavari. Zvinokurudzirwa kutema hafu yemasentimita pamusoro pebud rekunze, kana iri kushandisa zvakarerekera mukati (yakarerekera) inokurudzirwa pane dzimwe nguva kana kuchinaya kana mumamiriro ezvinhu apo simiti inodiridzwa nemvura inoyerera uye haina kuunganidza mubud, kudzivirira. maruva ayo.
Kazhinji rosebushes ane girazi rewaini chimiro chinobvumira kupinda kwechiedza kuchirimwa chose. Naizvozvo, dzinofanirwa kudimburwa kana mashizha ese apedza kumera.
Paradzira
Miti yacho inoratidzwa nekukwanisa kuwanda nekukurumidza, saka, kuparadzira kunogona kushandiswa, kunoenderana nehunyanzvi hwese hunoshandiswa pakuwedzeredza makwenzi erose kuti abereke mumwaka wekuvhuvhuta, achishandiswa nenzira ina:
- Nembeu: inopindirana nemaitiro ekubvisa mbeu kubva muhudyu yerose, kuwedzera mumvura kwemaawa anenge gumi nemaviri, zvino inofanira kudyarwa munyika yaunoda. Kwete kuvimbisa kukura kwakaenzana kwechirimwa munzvimbo yakarimwa, ndosaka ichionekwa seasina kunyatsoshanda maitiro.
- Nekucheka: Ndiyo imwe yedzakanyanya kukurudzirwa nzira dzekuwana zvirimwa uko kuchekwa kunoshandiswa, kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumakiriniki.
- Nekukanda: Haisi nzira yakanyatsoshandiswa, inokurudzirwa kune mamwe marudzi, iyo yakareba uye inoshanduka tsinde ine kucheka muvharo uye mahomoni anowedzerwa, zvino inounzwa muvhu nenzira yakagadziriswa.
- Nekubatanidza: Inzira inoshandiswa kubatanidza mbesa mbiri neimwe nzira, dzichikura dzinobatana kusvika dzava imwe, kazhinji bazi kana bud rinoshandiswa uye rinobatanidzwa. Aya magraft anogona kunge ari muchimiro che "T" kana wedge.
Zvirwere uye Zvipembenene zveRosi
Zvirimwa zvinoonekwa nekuve runako rwehunhu hwaamai hwakafumurwa kune zvakasiyana zvinhu uye shanduko dzinoonekwa pasirese, pakati pezvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinogona kuikanganisa tumbuyu nezvirwere. Kazhinji zvinonzwika nezve aphid kana mosquito svutugadzike inokanganisa maruva erose, tizivise kuti ndeapi mamiriro makuru anogona kukanganisa:
Nzvimbo nhema
Black spot inoonekwa sechirwere chinogona kuparadzirwa kuburikidza nemvura, saka inokanganisa mamiriro ane hunyoro hwakanyanya. Kwakabva zita rayo nekuda kwekuonekwa kwemavara matema, achionekwa pamashizha uye zvakare pahunde yerozi. Chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzera kupera simba kukuru muchirimwa.
Kurwisana nayo, inofanira kudzivirirwa kunyanya nekudiridza nheyo yechirimwa chete uye kusazvidza mashizha.Inofanira kuitwa mangwanani kuitira kuti muti uve nenguva yekuoma. Kana chirimwa chacho chatova neutachiona, chinogona kuiswa pasi pecopper-based fungicide.
Roya
Inofananidzwa nechirwere chinogona kuzviratidza kuburikidza nekuonekwa kwemavara emarangi kumativi emashizha e rosi, izvi zvose zvinoitika nekuda kwefungus inonamatira kunzvimbo dzakanyanya kuoneka dze rosi uye inokanganisa maruva e rosi kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo. kukonzera kufa kwake. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa mashizha ose akafa e rosi uye kushandisa nzira imwechete inokurudzirwa kune dema, kunyanya kushandisa mhangura-based fungicide.
Powdery chakuvhe
Inoonekwa sechirwere chakakomba kwazvo chezvirimwa, chinogona kukonzerwa nefungus, zvakare ichiratidzira kutaridzika kwemavara machena pachirimwa chose. Rudzi urwu rwechirwere ruchakonzera kukurumidza kupera simba kwechirimwa uye pakupedzisira kufa kwerozi. Izvo zvinokurudzirwa kune rudzi urwu rwechirwere ndechekubata nekukurumidza uye kunoshanda kurapwa kunofarira chirimwa.
Izvo zvinodikanwa kuita nekukurumidza sezvo zvakanyanya kusangana nechirwere nechirimwa, zvakanyanya kuoma kuti zvidzokere kune zvakajairika kunyangwe mushure mekurapa kwashandiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, zviri nani kuisa bicarbonate-based fungicide.
Mildew
Inofanana nechirwere chine njodzi sezvo ichigona kukonzera kupera kwakazara kweiyo rosebush. Muchiitiko ichi, kuonekwa kwayo kukuru kunoonekwa mumamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro. Chiratidzo chikuru chinocherechedzwa chechirwere ichi kutaridzika kwemavara mazhinji epepuru pamashizha.
Zvinokurudzirwa kudzora chirwere ichi kubva pakutanga kwechirimwa, saka, kudzivirira kuri nani, kukurudzirwa nzira yakanaka yekuchekerera iyo inokwanisa kuderedza njodzi yekutapukira kune zvimwe zvinomera kana yakavakidzana nemakwenzi erose. Asi kana yakatotapukirwa, zvinokurudzirwa kurasa nzvimbo dzakakanganisika uye pakupedzisira kubata roses neakakodzera fungicide.
mosaic virus
Hunoonekwa seutachiona hune ngozi zvikuru nekuti hunogona kupesvedzera kukura kusvika pakuoma mitezo, zvichikonzerawo kukura kwerozi. Utachiona hunogona kuonekwa nekuonekwa kwemavara eyero akasiyana. Kana paine chirimwa chine mhando iyi yemamiriro, zvinosuruvarisa kuti chirimwa chinofanira kuraswa asi kana chirimwa changobatwa mune mamwe mashizha, anogona kutsiviwa uye pamwe chirimwa chinogona kuvandudza kukura kwacho.
Matambudziko (Physiopathies)
Kune akasiyana siyana mamiriro anogona kukanganisa rose makwenzi, kwete chete zvirwere kana kusagadzikana, asiwo kuratidzwa kune akasiyana siyana mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuve akakosha mukukura kwawo, zvinotevera zvinomira pachena:
Frost: Kuratidzira kune yakaderera tembiricha munguva yechando kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa kumidzi, pamwe nekunonoka kwechando kunogona kupisa iwo madiki madiki pamiti.
Rumbidzai: Inopindirana neaya mamiriro emvura yechando ichiparadza zvakanyanya, pamwero we defoliation uye mavanga emadzinde anokonzera zvirwere.
Mhepo: Kusangana nemhepo ine simba kunokonzera kuti matavi atyoke, kupisa kana kuoma kunoita kuti chirimwa chiome, kutonhora kunogona kupisa zvirimwa, kana kuri pedyo negungwa kunogona kuita kuti munyu uiswe unoburitsa kupisa.
Heat wave: Kusangana netembiricha ye40ºC uye hunyoro hushoma hunogona kukonzera kuoma uye kupera simba muzvirimwa kusvika zvasvava.
Kushaikwa kwechiedza: Zvinogona kuita kuti maruva asave mashoma uye atotadza kuoneka, zvichiita kuti akure akarembera uye asina kusimba.
Kufungisisa: Edza kuwedzera mvura yechirimwa, kusvika pakukonzera kudzika kwemidzi uye kugadzira fungi inogona kumutsa zvirwere uye kuora midzi.
Kushaikwa kwemvura: Mvura chinhu chakakosha pakukura kwechirimwa.
Kudyara kwakashata: Zvakakosha kunyaradza ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana sekudyara panguva yakakodzera, kushandisa mupfudze, kusadyara zvakasimba uye kuziva ivhu.
Chirwere chevhu: Kazhinji kune makwenzi akasimwa akadyarwa kwemakore anopfuura gumi muvhu rimwe chete, zvinokurudzirwa kuti usadyare rimwe rose gwenzi nekuti rinoburitsa kupera kwema microelements uye fungi inobvira uye chepfu iripo.
Mvura yekudiridzira isina kunaka: Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti usashandise chero mhando yemvura nekuti inogona kukanganisa kukura kwechirimwa, mune dzimwe vanogona kuve nemunyu unopisa matipi emashizha kusvika vaita yero uye yakanyura, zvinokurudzirwa kuongorora zvinhu zviripo. mumvura.
Mechanical kukuvadzwa kumidzi kubva paditching kana kurima: Zvinokurudzirwa kucheka maronda angave aripo pamidzi uye neizvi shandisa fungicide, uchifunga nezverudzi rwemudzi une chirimwa.
Kusvibiswa kwevhu: Iwe unogona kuwana kuyeuka zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa ivhu senge weti yemhuka, detergents, dizeli, mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, phytosanitary products, pakati pevamwe.
Kushaikwa kwechero chikafu: Nokufamba kwenguva, pane zvinhu zvinogona kurasikirwa zvakakosha senitrogen, potasium, iron, pakati pezvimwe. Panyaya iyi zvinokurudzirwa kuisa fetereza ine hunyanzvi.
Nitrogen yakawandisa: Zvinokurudzirwa kuti udzivise kushungurudzwa ne nitrogenous fertilizer nekuti inogona kukonzera kupisa, kukura zvakanyanya, mafomu emiti isina simba, zvirwere, pakati pezvimwe.
Kuchekerera zvisina kunaka: Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti urambe uchifunga nguva dzinoenderana kuita kuchekerera kupesvedzera kukura kwechokwadi kwegwenzi.
Mishonga yakaipa ye phytosanitary: kuiswa kwemishonga yesora kana mafetireza anokonzera kupisa kana nekuita kwemhepo anoendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo inokonzera kukanganisa kumiti iripo.
Kuunganidzwa kwemakoko: Ndiwo iwo mabuds asingavhure petals uye anoiswa shava, nekuda kwekunyanya kunyorova uye anogadzira zvimwe zvipembenene zvakaita seaphid.
Kukuvadzwa kwakaitwa netambo yekucheka: zvinoenderana neanoona nezvekubvisa sora mumakwenzi pachishandiswa tambo yekuchekeresa, inzira ine hunyoro nekuti kana hunde ikarohwa inogona kukuvara uye chirimwa chinofa chakaita ringing.
Zvido zveRozi
Marozi anoonekwa seimwe yemiti inotsvakwa-pasirese, uye kune anopfuura zana emhando uye anosvika zviuru makumi matatu akasiyana emhando dzakasiyana dzemarozi, saka kusimukira mukudzidza kwemaruva kuri kuwedzera. Izvi zvinoratidza hukuru hwakakura hwezvipenyu zvinoparadzirwa pasi rose, mumhando dzakasiyana, mavara uye zvitaera.
Kurimwa kwemaruva itsika yaiitwa kubva kare, kuve nekukura kukuru muMiddle Ages pairatidzira mishonga ine zvidyarwa izvi. Marozi ekutanga ane chinyorwa chekurima kwawo, aive pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, kwaakarimwa kuti azoshandiswa zvishongo uye kunyange nezvinangwa zvechitendero, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi nhamba huru yemakwenzi emaruva. zvaionekwa mumapindu edzimba dzemamongi nemachechi.
Iyo yekare rosebush pasi rose iri muHildeseilm cathedral muGermany, inofungidzirwa kuti inopfuura makore chiuru. Muzvinyorwa zvenhoroondo ingano munyika yemaruva, uko maererano nenyaya dzinonzi dzine hukama nekuonekwa kweMhandara uye nekuda kweizvi chapel yakavakwa muzita raAmai Vakaropafadzwa.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kune anopfuura mamirioni zana marozi anorimwa chete kuti ashandiswe muna Kukadzi 100, rinova zuva rekurangarira Valentine's Day, riri zuva rinopembererwa zvikuru pasi rose rinozivikanwa sezuva rerudo uye hushamwari, uko kune vakawanda vakaroorana. vanopana marozi nemaruva mukurangarira zuva iroro rakanaka. Kuve izuva rekutengeserana rakadaro, rinokonzera kunetseka kwevazhinji vemaruva sezvo vachifanira kuvhara kudiwa kwenyika mukurangarira zuva rakanaka kudaro.
Zvinoenderana nemarekodhi emakwenzi akawanda erose anogona kusvika kusvika pamamita mashanu pakureba, rudzi urwu rwemamiriro ezvinhu runogona kunge rusina kujairika, nekuti rose makwenzi kazhinji haakure zvakanyanya kupfuura mamita matatu. Mukuwedzera, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kune marudzi ekukwira anogona kusvika pakakwirira. Naizvozvo, mhando dzemakwenzi erose dzinogona kuve dzakasiyana-siyana muchimiro uye mavara, maererano nehukuru ivo vanowanzofanana zvakanyanya, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhando dzaunoda kuwana.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: