Imhuka hombe uye dzinotyisa kwazvo, dzinogara munzvimbo dzisingagarike pasirese, imhuka dzinoyamwisa, dzakachena uye dzine nzira dzekudyisa, saka kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve Hunhu hwePolar Bear, tinokukumbira kuti uverenge nyaya inotevera. Isu tinokuvimbisa kuti iwe uchawana zvinhu zvinonakidza kwazvo nezve iyi mhuka inoshamisa.
Hunhu hwePolar Bear
Ibheya jena kana kuti ursus marítimus, asi rinozivikanwa zviri nani nezita rekuti bere uye ndicho chikara chinoshamisira chepasi chinogara munharaunda yeArctic. Inorondedzerwa semhuka inoyamwisa inodya nyama, ingave mhuka diki kana hove, ndeyemhuri yebere uye parizvino uye pasina kupokana, ndiyo yakakura kwazvo carnivore munyika.
Kunyange zvazvo kune kusawirirana kwenyama kunoonekwa neziso rakashama nebere rebrown, chaizvoizvo vanochengetedza maitiro akawanda emajini, ane hukama nehupenyu, izvo zvinoita kuti masayendisiti afunge kuti padzidziso vanogona kuberekana mumarudzi akasanganiswa uye kuva nevana vanobereka muvanhu vose vari vaviri.
Asi, kunyangwe kufanana kwakafanana, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti imhando mbiri dzakasiyana, kubva kune morphological uye metabolic poindi yekuona uye mumagariro avo. Izvo zvakasimbiswa kuti Ursus maritimus tyrannus, yakakura kwazvo subspecies yebheya, tateguru webheya.
Hunhu hwebere repolar, mamwe ayo anogovana nebere reKodiak, zvinoreva kuti ndiro hombe pamhando dzeursids dziripo. Kana iwe uchida kuziva kuti huwandu hwehuremu hwebere chena hwakadii, tinokuudza kuti murume akajairwa mukuru anodarika 500 kg muhuremu, asi zvakaonekwa kuti kune vanhu vaigona kuwana huremu hunodarika 1000 kg. .
Kana tikataura nezvevakadzi, zvinowanzoitika kuti mapere machena ayera hafu yezvinorema zvechirume uye anogona kusvika kureba kwemamita maviri pakureba. Nepo varume vanogona kuyera kusvika 2 metres.
Muviri webere, kunyange zvazvo iri mhuka yehukuru hukuru, wakagadzirwa zvikuru kupfuura wedzimwe mhuri dzemapere ane ukama nawo, akadai sebheya rebhurauni nebere dema. Humwe hunhu hwebere nderekuti dehenya raro idiki uye rinonamira kumhino yaro pane dzimwe mhuri dzebheya.
chiso uye pfungwa yekunhuwa
Saizvozvowo, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti ine maziso madiki, matema uye anopenya zvakanyanya, sekunge ijeti, uye mhuno yayo yakashanduka-shanduka inomira pachena nekuva nesimba rakasiyana rekunhuhwirira. Nzeve dzadzo dzine makushe, dzakatendereka uye diki.
Kurongeka kwechiso chaiko kwebere repolar kune chikonzero chakapetwa kaviri chekuve: kuzvivharisa uye kuti ikwanise kudzivirira huwandu hukuru hwekurasikirwa nekupisa kwesimba remuviri kuburikidza nekuratidzwa kwenhengo dzechiso chayo.
Muviri waro muhombe unoita kuti bere repolar riome kusiyanisa, nekuda kwehushe chena hwakaifukidza zvachose, pakati pechando chakakomberedza nzvimbo yaro, uye inoita yakavanzika inoshanda mukati menzvimbo yekuvhima kwayo. Kuvapo kweiyi kuvharika kunobatsira kunoita kuti bere repolar rikambaire nepamusoro peaizi kuti rinyanye zvikara zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. ringed seals, izvo zvokudya zvinosarudzwa.
thermal regulation
Tichitsanangura nezvemaitiro ebheya, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti pasi peganda rayo, bere rine mafuta akawanda rinoita kuti rizvidzivirire kubva kunotonhora, aizi, uye nemvura inotonhora zvikuru yeArctic, iyo inotuhwina, chiitiko charinoshandisa pakuvhima.
Humwe hunhu hwebheya nderekuti makumbo aro akakura zvakanyanya kupfuura edzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yeUrsidae. Ivo vakashanduka uye vakajaira kufamba madaro akakura paaizi yakakura yekondinendi yekuchamhembe uye kushambira madaro marefu.
Polar Bear inogara kupi?
Mamiriro enzvimbo inogara bere ichando chinogara chiripo muarctic polar zone uye mvura ine chando inotenderedza icebergs nemapani akatsemuka ematunhu ekuchamhembe. Iwo akagovaniswa muzvikamu zvitanhatu zvakakura izvo zviri mu:
- Iyo commonwealth iri kumadokero kweAlaska neWrangel Island, ese ari eRussia.
- Northern Alaska.
- MuCanada, uko 60% yezvisikwa zvese zvipenyu zvepolar papasi zvinowanikwa.
- Greenland, munzvimbo yakasununguka yeGreenland.
- Svalbard archipelago, iri chikamu cheNorway.
- Iyo Franz Josef Land kana Fritjof Nansen Archipelago, zvakare iri muRussia.
Kutanga
Bere imhando yebere yakabva munzvimbo dzinotevera dzine chando:
- America
- Asia
- Kanadha
- Denmark
- United States
- Norway
- Russia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-sMk6EzWPA
Polar Bear Kudyisa
Iyo polar bere inowana chikafu chayo, kunyanya, kubva kune vechidiki vezvisimbiso, chikafu chayo chainoda, uye inogona kuvhima mhuka idzi pasina dambudziko, zvese zviri pasi pemvura nechando, ichifamba nenyasha dzinoshamisa.
nzira dzekuvhima
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti polar bear ine nzira mbiri dzekuvhima kwayo: yekutanga ndeyekukambaira kusvika painogoneka nemuviri wayo wakabatanidzwa neaizi kune chisimbiso chakazorora, kuenderera mberi nekumuka nekushamisika uye mushure Kudzingirirana kwenguva pfupi, bere repolar rinoburitsa mhezi inopenya yakananga padehenya rechisimbiso, zvichiita kuti yabata mhuka yayo nekuruma kumutsipa.
Nzira yechipiri inoshandiswa nebheya pakuvhima, uye ndiyo yainonyanya kushandisa kuwana zvokudya, ndeyekuvandira munzvimbo inoshandiswa nezvidhindo kubuda kufema. Idzi nzvimbo dzemaburi dzinowanzova maburi kana maburi ayo zvisimbiso zvinogadzira muaizi kuti neimwe nzira ibude kuti ifeme pakati pemapato avo ekuredza mumvura yakafukidzwa neaizi yearctic cap.
Kana chidhindo chichiburitsa mhino yaro mumvura kuti chifeme, bere rinonyangira rinoripa nzwara yemhuka kubva kumusoro, kuti ipwanye dehenya rechisimbiso. Iyo polar bere inoshandisa nzira imwechete kana yafunga kuvhima mabelugas, ayo ari emvura yemunyu cetaceans, hama dzema dolphin.
kuvhimwa mumakomba
Polar bears zvakare vanokwanisa kuwana vana vezvisimbiso vakavigwa mumakomba akacherwa pasi peaizi. Kuti vaite izvi, vanoshandisa pfungwa yavo yekunhuwa uye pavanokwanisa kuwana nzvimbo chaiyo yevaduku, vanozvikanda nesimba ravo rose pamusoro pemugodhi wechando apo vaduku vanovanda, vachiwira pamusoro payo.
Munguva yechirimo, mapere anogona kuratidza hushingi hwekudyisa mhuka, achishinga kuvhima caribou, reindeer, kunyangwe shiri, uye akaonekwa achiunganidza mazai munzvimbo dzinogara shiri dzeArctic.
Polar Bear Behaviour
Hunhu hunokosha hwebere repolar nderekuti harina nzvimbo yekurara, sezvinoita hama dzayo dzemamwe marudzi eursus. Polar bears inopona munguva yechando yakaoma yedanda kuburikidza nenzira inovabvumira kuunganidza mafuta mumwaka wechando, izvo zvinozorasikirwa mumwaka wezhizha.
Kutenderera uku kunovabvumira kuita zvinhu zviviri: kupisa muviri wavo munguva yechando, nekuda kwemafuta emuviri; uye wozokwanisa kuiisa mufiriji muzhizha, nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemafuta. A peculiarity ndeyekuti panguva yese yekuberekesa, vakadzi havatore chikafu, vachirasikirwa ne50% yehuremu hwemuviri wavo.
Nezve kuberekana kwemapere, hadzi dzinongoshivirira varume verudzi urwu pakati pemwedzi waKubvumbi naMay, unova mwaka wadzo wekusvirana. Kana mwaka wekusvirana wapfuura, hunhu pakati pevarume nevakadzi hunogona kutsanangurwa sehuvengo. Kunyanya kana hadzi iri kubereka, nekuti mapere echirume anodya vanhu, uye kana aine nzara anogona kudya vana kana mamwe mapere.
Polar Bear Kuchengetedza
Zvinosuwisa kuti bheya riri panjodzi huru yekutsakatika nhasi. kutsakatika nekuda kwemabasa akasiyana anoitwa nemunhu. Mushure mekushanduka-shanduka uye kuchinjika kwemakore anopfuura mamirioni mana, vesainzi nevatsvaguri vava kutenda kuti pane mukana wekuti mhuka iyi yakanaka inogona kutsakatika pakati pezana rino ramakore.
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinonyanya kunetsa zvekudzikira kwehuwandu hwemapere machena ibasa rine chekuita nekushandiswa kwemafuta uye kusvibiswa kwazvinoita, uye chimwe ndechekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye greenhouse magasi, izvo zvinonyanya kutyisidzira mhuka idzi dzinoshamisa, dzine chete. chikara munhu.
Mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pahuwandu hwemapere anogona kuonekwa mukushanduka kwakaitika mumamiriro ecosystem aanogara. Kusimuka kwakasimba kwekupisa kweArctic Ocean kwakagadzira kukurumidza kunyungudika kwepermafrost nenzvimbo huru yechando chinoyangarara umo mune nzvimbo yekuvhima bere.
kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye mafuta
Kunyungudika kusingaite kwave kuri chikonzero chekuti mabheya haakwanise kuunganidza mafuta anochengeterwa nemiviri yawo kuti afambe zvakanaka kubva kune mumwe mwaka achienda kune mumwe. Chimwe chigumisiro cheizvi ndechokuti kusakwanisa kuunganidza mafuta kunokanganisa kubereka kwavo, iyo yakaderera ne15%, maererano nezvidzidzo zvemazuva ano.
Nezvemafuta, zvakawanda zvinotaurwa, asi zvishoma zvinoitwa kudzivirira kukanganisa nzvimbo yeArctic, iyo, sekuziva kwemunhu wese, inzvimbo izere nemadhipoziti eiyi hydrocarbon. Mhedzisiro yakaonekwa munzvimbo yavo nekuda kwekuita kwemunhu yakaita kuti mapere machena ashinga kupinda munzvimbo dzine vanhu vachitsvaga chikafu, kunyangwe pakati pemarara.
Curiosities
Chokwadi ndechekuti polar bear haina vhudzi jena, inonyatso translucent uye iyo optical effect inogadzirwa nenharaunda yaanogara inoita kuti iite seyakachena sechando munguva yechando, uye ine ruvara rwakafanana nenyanga dzenzou. mwaka wechando.
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti mvere idzi dzine buri uye dzakazadzwa nemhepo mukati, izvo zvinobvumira beya kuti ripe huru kupisa kwekupisa, kuchengetedza simba, uye kuchengetedza kupisa kwemuviri kwainoda kurarama mukupisa kwakanyanya kweArctic.
Mvere dzebere dzakasvibira, izvo zvinoita kuti bere rikwanise kutora mwaranzi yezuva. Bere jena harinwi mvura, nokuti mvura iri munzvimbo yaro ine munyu uye ine acidic. Saka nzira yepolar bears yemvura iri kuburikidza neropa remhuka dzadzinodya. Chimwe chishuwo ndechekuti nduramo yebheya iri pakati pemakore makumi matatu kana makumi mana.
Tinokurudzira izvi zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinonakidza: