Pfupiso yeBig Bang Theory
Mukati menhau, munhu nguva dzose ave achishamisika kuti chisiko chapose pose chakaitwa sei, uye mhinduro dzave dzakasiana zvikuru, mumurangariro worudzidziso, mwari bedzi aigona kuve akakuita, asi mumurangariro wesayenzi, The The mhinduro. izvo zvakaedzwa zvave zvakawanda.
Vesainzi vakaedza kutsvaga tsananguro chaiyo yezvinoitika zvese zviripo. Kubva pane izvi zvinoda kutsanangura zvese zviripo zvakamuka hombe Bang Dzidziso. Asi chii chinonzi big bang theory? Maererano ne pfupiso yeThe Big Bang Theory, Dzidziso iyi haingotsananguri chete kuvapo kwezvose zvakasikwa, asiwo magalaxi, mapuraneti uye nyeredzi, uye munyaya ino tichaedza kutsanangura kuti zvipi zvayo uye nheyo dzesayenzi. Uyezve, kana iwe uchida kudzika zvakadzika, unogona kutarisa zvinyorwa zvine hukama muchikamu chedu. cosmology.
Kuputika (Big Bang) kwakagadzira denga
Nekuda kwemhedziso uye zvazvinoreva, yave ichizivikanwawo sedzidziso yeBig Bang. Tichaedza kuita a pfupiso yedzidziso huru Maererano nedzidziso iyi, chadenga sezvatinoziva chakaberekwa mabhiriyoni emakore akapfuura nemhaka yekuputika kukuru. Nokuputika ikoko, zvinhu zvose zviripo uye izvo zvakaunganidzwa panzvimbo imwe zvakakwanisa kuwedzera mudenga.
Saka kubva panguva chaiyo yekuputika, zvinhu zvakatanga kuparara uye zvinoramba zvichidaro kusvika nhasi. Masayendisiti makuru edzidziso anoomerera pakuratidza kuti chadenga chiri mukukura kunopfuurira. Ndicho chikonzero nei ichibatanidzwawo mudzidziso iri kukura yechisiko chapose pose.
Nyaya yose iyo yakachengetwa munzvimbo imwe haina kungotanga kuparara, asi yakatangawo kuunganidza kuumba masangano akaoma. Tiri kutaura nezve maatomu nemamorekuru ayo, nhanho nenhanho, akanga achiumba kunyange zvipenyu.
Masayendisiti akakwanisa kusvika parizvino kutanga kweBig Bang. Zviripachena mabviro ayo angangoita 13.810 miriyoni makore apfuura. Munhambo iyi apo chadenga chakanga chichangobva kuberekwa, chave chichinzi chisiko chapose pose chapakuvamba. Mariri, zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvimedu zvaive nesimba rakawanda.
Nekuputika maerekitironi ekutanga, manyuturoni nemapurotoni akaumbwa. Manyuturoni nemapurotoni akarongwa mukati memwoyo wemaatomu. Nekuda kwechaji yavo yemagetsi isina kunaka, maerekitironi akazvironga akatenderedza pakati uye nenzira iyi zvese zvinoonekwa zvakazvarwa.
Kuumbwa kwenyeredzi nenyeredzi
Solar System yatinoziva iri mukati megwara renzou rine zita reGwara renzou. Nyeredzi dzese dzatinoziva kuti dziriko nhasi dzakatanga kuumba nguva refu mushure meBig Bang. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nyeredzi dzekutanga dzakatanga kuumba makore 13.250 bhiriyoni apfuura, uye dzakatanga kuoneka makore anosvika 550 miriyoni mushure mekuputika.
Asi solar system yakaumbwa sei?, kureva, mapuraneti uye chimiro chezuva. Sezvatinoaziva, akaumba 4.600 bhiriyoni makore apfuura, asi ekare makwara enzou akatanga 13.200 bhiriyoni makore apfuura. Iwe unogona zvakare kuverenga zvakawanda nezve big crunch theory, izvo zvinoratidza maonero akasiyana ezvichaitika muchadenga.
Kuwedzera zvakasikwa
Kuti tiratidze kuti dzidziso yeBig Bang ndeyechokwadi, tinofanira kuunganidza humbowo hwekuti chadenga chichiri kuwedzera. Pazasi pane a pfupiso yedzidziso huru uye nehumbowo hwatinahwo pamusoro pazvo:
- Olbers Paradox: Kutsanangura rima redenga rehusiku.
- Mutemo waHubble: Mutemo uyu unogona kusimbiswa nekucherechedza kuti mapoka enyeredzi ari kufamba kubva kune mumwe.
- Homogeneity yekuparadzirwa kwenyaya.
- Tolman Mhedzisiro: Inonongedzwa kune oscillation yekupenya kwepamusoro.
- Kure supernovae: Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kuwedzera kwenguva kunosimbiswa mumakona avo echiedza.
Hunhu hweBig Bang Theory
Mushure menguva iyo kuputika kwakaitika, chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakanga chichiparara uye kupatsanurwa kubva kune chimwe. Izvo zvakasimbiswa panguva iyoyo chimwe chinhu chakafanana nezvinoitika patinoputika bharumu. Sezvo mhepo yakawanda inotangwa, mhepo dzemhepo dzinofamba dzichiwedzera uye dzichienda kure kusvikira dzasvika kumadziro.
Nyanzvi dzefizikisi dzakakwanisa kugadzira patsva zuva rekuzvarwa kwepasi rose kutanga kubva pa1/100 yesekondi mushure meBig Bang. Zvinhu zvose zvakamera muchadenga zvakaumbwa nezvinhu zvepakutanga zvinozivikanwa nhasi. Izvi zvinosanganisira maerekitironi, positron, mesons, baryons, neutrinos, uye photons.
Maverengero achangoburwa anoratidza kuti hydrogen nehelium zvaive zvekutanga zvigadzirwa zvekuputika. Zvinhu zvinorema zvikuru zvakaunganidzwa gare gare mukati menyeredzi. Zvadenga zvazvinoparadzana, mwaranzi yasara inobva kuBig Bang inoramba ichidzima kusvikira yasvika tembiricha ye3 K (-270°C).
Zvisaririra zvemwaranzi yakakura yekuseri kwemicrowave zvakaonekwa nenyanzvi dzeredhiyo dzenyeredzi muna 1965. Izvi ndizvo zvinoratidza kuwedzera kwechadenga. Asi mumwe wemibvunzo mikuru inotarisana nemasayendisiti unoramba uripo: kuona kana chisiko chapose pose chicharamba chichikura nokusingagumi kana kuti chichachinjazve. Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu inogona kuwanikwa mune chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa se rima nyaya.
Vakawana uye dzimwe dzidziso
Kutaura kwokuti chadenga chichiri kukura chakaitwa muna 1922 naAlexander Friedmann. Ndiani akaisa zvaanotaura padzidziso yaAlbert Einstein yehukama hwehukama (1915). Ipapo, muna 1927, muprista weBelgium Georges Lemaître, achivakirwa pafundo dzake pamusoro pebasa ravanzveri Einstein naDe Sitter, akasvika mhedziso yakafanana neyaFriedmann.
Asi masayendisiti aya haana kukwanisa kugumisa chimwe chinhu kunze kwokuti chadenga chinoramba chichiwedzera. Kune dzimwe dzidziso pamusoro pekusikwa kwechadenga dzisina kukosha seBig Bang. Pasinei neizvi, kune masayendisiti pasi pano anovaona seachokwadi uye akarurama, ndicho chikonzero tichavanyora mukutevedzana:
- Big Crunch dzidziso: Nheyo yedzidziso iyi ndeyokuti kuwedzera kwechadenga kuchamira zvishoma nezvishoma, kusvika panguva iyo inotanga kudzoka. Chaunoda kutsanangura ndechekuti chadenga pane imwe nguva chichatanga kuita chibvumirano. Kubatana uku kwaizoguma nekunzwa kukuru kwakagamuchira zita reBig Crunch. Asi hapana humbowo hwakawanda hunotsigira dzidziso iyi.
- denga rinotenderera: Maererano nedzidziso iyi, denga redu riri mukutenderera nguva dzose pakati peBig Bang neBig Crunch.
- Yakadzikama mamiriro uye ichienderera chisikwa: Dzidziso iyi inobva pakuti chadenga chiri kukura uye kuti kudzana kwacho kunoramba kuripo nokuti pane zvinhu zvinoramba zvichisikwa.
- Inflation dzidziso: Yakavakirwa pazvinhu zvakafanana neBig Bang asi inoratidza kuti pakanga paine maitiro ekutanga. Izvi zvakanzi inflation uye kukura kwechadenga kunokurumidza.
- Pakupedzisira, kune vanhu vanodavira kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa naMwari kana kuti mumwe mwari.
