Iyo Panda Bear kana Giant Panda, ndeimwe yemhando dzemhuka dzinoyamwisa dziri yehurongwa hwemhuka, nekuda kweizvi gakava rakagadzirwa, asi zvisinei neizvi zvichienderana nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvakaitwa paDNA yayo, zvakatemwa kuti panda bere ndeyemhuri yeBears kana Ursidae, sezvakangoita bheya rinoona kana inoratidzika hama yepedyo. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve Hunhu hwePanda Bear, usazeze kuramba uchiverenga chinyorwa ichi.
Hunhu hwePanda Bear
Bere repanda rine muviri wakada kufanana nehwemapere ese. Iri bere hombe rinodikamwa rine mvere nhema munzeve dzaro uye kumativi ameso aro, izvo zvinoita kuti riite serakapfeka magirazi; pamwe chete nepamhino yake, maoko uyewo pamapfudzi ake, achibudisa aya mativi, mamwe ose emvere dzake akachena chose. Kunyange zvazvo masayendisiti asati aziva chikonzero nei aya mabheya anoshamisa ane aya mavara echienzi mumvere dzawo, mazhinjisa awo anotosvika pakufungidzira kuti uyu musiyano unoshamisa mumvere dzawo unoapa kuvanza kunoshanda chose chose munzvimbo yawo, iyo inokombamira kuva ine matombo. , kusviba kana kutoita chando.
Mvere dzebheya dzakanyanya kusimba, izvi zvinodzipa huwandu hukuru hwekupisa mumasango anotonhora zvikuru ayo anowanzogara. Aya mamwewo ane mazino makuru emolar uyezve, mhasuru dzakasimba mushaya dzavo, iwo mamwe chete aya anovabatsira kuti vagone kutsenga bamboo zvakanaka. Makumbo ayo ane zvigunwe zvishanu uyewo chigunwe chikuru. Chatinoziva sechigumwe chinotonzi a modified sesamoid bone kwavari.Bhonzo iri rinoita kuti zvive nyore kwavari kubata bamboo pavanenge vachidya.
Aya mabheya ane muswe wechipiri wakarebesa wemhuri yese yeUrsidae kana kuti Mhuri yeBere, sezvo muswe wawo uchikwanisa kuyera masendimita gumi nemashanu pakureba. Nzvimbo yekutanga mune iyi, iTibetan Bear. Chinhu chakanyanya hunhu hwavo maziso avo, nekuti vadzidzi vavo havana denderedzwa sevaya vedzimwe hama dzavo, idzi dzinogona kureba, dzakafanana nedzekatsi. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti panda mabheya anogona kurarama zvakanaka makore makumi maviri murusununguko rwakakwana uye makumi matatu kana ari muhusungwa.
Vanorema zvakadini?
Panguva yekuzvarwa kwavo, panda bere dzine huremu huri pakati pe100 - 200 gramu. Iye zvino, kana vakura, varume vanowanzoita huremu hunosvika 150 kilograms kana zvakadaro, kune rumwe rutivi, vakadzi vanowanzorema kusvika ku125 kilograms.
Zvingani?
Panda cubs anogara achiyera pakati pe15-17 masendimita pakureba. Panguva yekukura kwavo aya mabheya anoyevedza anoyera anosvika 1,5 metres kureba. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vakadzi vanowanzova vadiki pane varume, vangangoita 10% kana 20% pasi pevarume.
Panda Bear inogara kupi?
Bere repanda rinogara richigara mumakomo akawanda muCentral China, kunyanya mudunhu rinonzi Sichuan, kunyangwe ivo vakamirawo nekugara mamwe matunhu akaita seShaanxi neGansu. Kuvakwa kwemapurazi akawanda, kutemwa kwemasango, uye kumwe kufambira mberi kwemaguta kwakaita kuti mapere akaisvonaka aya asiye zvachose nzvimbo dzakaderera idzi kwaaimbogara.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti panda mabheya haasi nyore kuona mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, maererano nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana uye kuverenga, inofungidzirwa kuti nhamba ye panda bears yakasara munyika ishoma uye kuti, nekuwedzera, nhamba yemapanda haina kunyanya kuwanda.nhamba yemakopi asara. Huwandu hukuru hwemabheya aya panda haawanikwe musango, saka, anozvarwa kubva ku0 mukutapwa.
Sezvambotaurwa, mapere aya anogara mumakomo eChina, kunyanya makomo eMinshan, Quinling, Quionglai, Daxiangling, Liangshan, uye zvakare Xiaoxiangling. Makomo ose aya ari paurefu hunenge huri pakati pemakiromita 1,5 ne3,5 kuenda mudenga.
Zvakare, huwandu hwemapere aya hunogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeVietnam, kunyangwe nekuda kwekupindira kwevanhu, huwandu hwavo hwadzikira zvakanyanya. Kunyange zvazvo zviri pachena kuti panda pari zvino inogara kuChina neTibet, zvisaririra zvakawanikwa mumakore achangopfuura izvo zvinoratidza kuti panda iyi yaimbova muBurma, dzimwe nzvimbo dzeVietnam, uyewo kuEastern China.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nzvimbo yakakodzera yeaya mapere inofanira kuumbwa nemamiriro ekunze akadzikama asingatambudzi chero rudzi rwekusiyana kwakakosha. Kugadzikana kwese uku kwemamiriro ekunze kunodzivirira mapere kubva mukutambura shanduko yakasimba mutembiricha inogona kuvakuvadza, uye kugadzikana kumwe chete uku kunowanikwa zviri nyore mumakomo ane hupamhi hwepakati pemakiromita 1.300 ne3.500.
Izvo zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti iyi mhando yemamiriro ekunze yakanaka kwazvo pakukura kwe bamboo, chinova ndicho chikafu chikuru mukudya kwese kwepandas. Nhasi, tinogona kuona kuti pandas inogara munzvimbo dzinosvika 9.000 square kilometers. Idzi nzvimbo hombe dzevhu dzinofanirwa kunge dziine mwero wakakodzera wekunyorova, uye zvakare kuve nzvimbo dzinotonhorera. Izvi zvinounza semhedzisiro yekuti inzvimbo dzine mipaini yakawanda uye akasiyana conifers.
Nzvimbo dzine masango akasvibira inzvimbo dzakanaka dzekuti mapanda aya agare, sezvo achigara achitsvaga kukwira miti mirefu kuti arambe akahwanda. Vanowanzogara mumasango eucalyptus, sezvo chirimwa ichi chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukudya kwavo kwese. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekugara kwavo, unogona kuverenga kunogara bere repanda.
Izvo zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti panda mabheya imhuka dzakasununguka zvakanyanya mukutsanangurwa kwavo, izvi zvinoreva kuti ivo vanozogara vachitsvaga kugara padyo nepavanogona kune chikafu sosi kuti vasaite nhamburiko huru kuti vawane. Kunze kweizvi, zvikara hazviwanzogara mumasango akadzama aya, izvo zvinoita kuti vanzwe vakachengeteka zvakanyanya uye havatore chero chiito chekuzvidzivirira.
Zvokudya
Kunyangwe zvazvo taxonomically ichirondedzerwa seanodya nyama, mapere anoyevedza aya ane chikafu chinobva pamishonga yakasiyana-siyana, ne bamboo chiri chikafu chavo chikuru. Zvisinei neizvi zvese, bere repanda richine gadziriro yekugaya uye majini anoratidza kuti ari kudya nyama. Nechikonzero ichi, vanowana mapuroteni mashoma uye simba shoma kubva mushenjere. Kugona kwayo kukuru kugaya cellulose kunonyatso kuverengerwa kune hutachiona hunowanikwa muura hwayo. Mapanda mazhinji akura anogona kuve neshenjere yemazuva ese yekudya kwe9 kusvika ku14 makirogiramu.
Sezvo mabheya aya aine kudya kwakaderera, zvakakosha kuti agare achigara akazara dumbu rawo. Kudya kwakaderera kwesimba kwemiviri yavo, kunoitwa nekudya kwavo, kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya maitiro emapanda aya. Nekuda kweizvi, ivo vanowanzo dzikamisa zvakanyanya chero mhando yekudyidzana munharaunda uye vanozogara vachidzivirira nzvimbo yakadzika, vachidzivirira kupedza simba ravo munzira ipi neipi. Kana iwe uchida kunyura zvakadzama mukudya kwavo, unogona kubvunza chikafu chebheya.
Zviviri zvezvimiro zvinokatyamadza zvebere repanda, senge chiso charo chakaurungana uye muviri waro wakakura, zvinopihwa semhedzisiro yekudya kwaro kwakanangana ne bamboo. Aya mabheya akanaka anogona kudya chero marudzi 25 akasiyana emushenjere anogona kuwanikwa munyika. Mamwe emhando dzemushenjere idzi iFargesia Dracocephala kana kuti Fargesia Rufa. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti munzvimbo dzinogara mabheya aya hapana mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze bamboo, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukwirira kukuru kwemakomo aya.
Nei iri mungozi yokutsakatika?
Panda bere nderimwe remarudzi akawanda emhuka idzo nhasi dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika, ndosaka ichida kuchengetedzwa. Mumakore mashoma apfuura kwave nemishumo yakawanda uye zvidzidzo zvinotsigira zvizere chirevo ichi. Chirevo chakaitwa muna 2007 chakaratidza kuti kune 236 panda mapere anogara muhusungwa mukati menharaunda yese yeChinese, uye nekuwedzera, kune mamwe 27 pandas ari kunze kwenyika ino.
Ichi chiverengero chose chevanhu vane utsinye chakasiyana zvikuru; Imwe ongororo yakaitwa yakaratidza kuti panogona kunge paine vanhu vanosvika 1.590 2006 vari kurarama vakasununguka, asi mumwe mushumo wakaitwa muna 2.000 unoratidza kuti kuburikidza nekudhindisa zvigunwe zvemajini zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kune nhamba yepamusoro; nhamba iyi inogona chaizvoizvo kusvika pakati pe3.000 ne2016. MunaGunyana XNUMX, bere repanda rakanzi imhuka iri panjodzi neIUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature). Kuti unzwisise zvakawanda nezvenyaya iyi, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge nezvazvo Nei panda bere riri munjodzi yekutsakatika.
Evolution uye Behaviour
Nepo mapanda ari murusununguko rwakakwana, anowanzo imhuka dzakadzikama, dzinopedza mazuva adzo ese dzichitsvaga chikafu, kunyanya bamboo. Vanotsvaga masango ese ari pedyo neQinling Mountains uye mudunhu rose reSichuan. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji dziri mhuka dzinogara dziri dzoga, vanhu vakuru vose vane ndima yakanyatsocherechedzwa, uyewo, vanhukadzi havashiviriri kuvapo kwevamwe vakadzi munzvimbo dzavo zvachose.
Aya mabheya akanaka anotaurirana kuburikidza neruzha rwakasiyana-siyana sekukwenya miti yakasiyana-siyana kana kusiya mavanga eweti. Mapanda aya anogona kukwira mumiti yose, mumiti mimwe chete iyi anogona kuwana pekugara pakanaka, kana kuti anotoita pokugara mumikaha yematombo, kunyange zvazvo asingamboiti makomba aanogara kwenguva refu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ma<em>panda imhuka dzisingarari pasi, kusiyana nedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda dzinoyamwisa, panzvimbo pokuita izvi, ma<em>panda anoenda kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinodziya zvikuru.
Mukati menguva pfupi yekubatana, pandas vanosangana mukusangana, kusangana uko vakadzi nevarume vari pedyo vanosangana. Mushure mekuita kubereka, varume vanosiya hadzi kuti ikwanise kurera mwana, iyo imbwa, mumakomo.
Kuberekerwa
Chekutanga, nzira yainyanyozivikanwa yekuberekesa ma panda ari muusungwa yaive nekushandisa kuiswa kwembeu; Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mapanda mazhinji, mushure mekubatwa, anoronga kurambwa kwakakura kwekubatana. Nechikonzero ichi, masayendisiti akashandisa nzira dzakanyanyisa uye dzinoshamisa dzakadai sekupa Viagra kuvarume vese, kana kuvaratidza mavhidhiyo ekusangana kwepandas.
Mumakore mashoma apfuura aya mapurogiramu ekupfuya panda akatanga kubudirira. Ongororo dzakasiyana siyana dzakaratidza kuti rudzi rwebere urwu rune enzaniso yekusangana kwemarudzi akasiyana siyana eAmerican black bear, inova mhuri iri kukura yemapere. Nhasi avhareji yegore negore kuberekana kwemapere aya ingangoita cub rimwe pamakore maviri ari ose.
Idzi mhuka dzinoyevedza dzinosvika pakukura kwadzo kwepabonde pakati pemakore mana kusvika masere ezera, uye kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi dzichakwanisa kubereka kusvika dzave nemakore makumi maviri. Danho rekuzvara riri pakati paKurume naChivabvu, kana madzimai achipinda muchikamu ichi anongogara pakati pemazuva maviri kana matatu, zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti hadzi dzinopinda muchikamu ichi kamwe chete pagore.
Pakusvirana, hadzi dzakakotama dzakatsikitsira, murume anoenderera mberi achikwira pamusoro pemukadzi kubva kumashure, chiito ichi chinodzokororwa kakawanda kuti chive nechokwadi chokuti kubereka kwave kwakanyatsobudirira. Nguva yese yekuzvitakura yemwana weramangwana inogara pakati pemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu kusvika 95, kunyangwe avhareji kazhinji mazuva zana nemakumi maviri. Aya mabheya madiki achangoberekwa kazhinji anorema pakati pe160 ne120 magiramu, izvi zvinomiririra isingasviki 90/130 yehuremu hwese hwaamai vawo.
mwana panda
Pakuzvarwa, ma<em>panda ane ruvara rwepingi, haana mazino, uye ari mapofu zvachose. Panda cubs idiki zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoita kuti rive basa rakaoma kuti amai vachengete nemazvo. Mhuka idzi dzinodya kubva kuna amai vadzo katanhatu kusvika kagumi neina pazuva, chiito chinotora maminitsi angangoita makumi matatu nguva yega yega. Ipapo, kweanenge maawa matatu kana kuti mana, amai vanofanira kusiya mugomba wacho kuti vazvidyise, vachisiya mwana wavo asina kuzvidzivirira zvachose.
Inenge vhiki imwe kana maviri bere razvarwa, ganda raro rinotanga kuita grey, grey iyo inozova iyo yeruvara dema hunhu hwerudzi urwu. Ruvara rwepingi rwakajeka ruchaonekwa mumvere dzayo, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekemikari inoitika pakati pehudzi hwembwanana nemate amai vayo. Pashure pemwedzi wakazara, kukura kwemvere dzayo dzose kunopera. Izvi zvakafanana zvinotanga kuve zvakapfava uye zvakanyanya kuomarara nekufamba kwemakore ako ehupenyu.
Mushure mekupedza mazuva ari pakati pe70 ne80, cub panda inotanga kukambaira. Mushure memwedzi mitanhatu vachakwanisa kutanga kudya zvitsama zvishoma zveshenjere, kunyangwe mukaka waamai uchizoramba uri chikafu chavo chikuru mukati megore ravo rekutanga rehupenyu. Munguva yekukura kwavo kwese mugore rekutanga vanogona kuyera huwandu husingadaviriki hwemakirogiramu makumi mana nemashanu, uyezve, vana ava vanogara naamai vavo kusvikira vava nemwedzi gumi nemisere kana makore maviri. Pandas musango kazhinji ane nguva yekuzvarwa ingangoita makore maviri.
Mhando dzePanda Bears
Zvichida nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemavara, kana nekuda kwekusiyana kwakasiyana kwetsika dzayo kana ichienzaniswa neayo ese hama, iyo giant panda kana panda bere, kwenguva yakareba yakabatanidzwa mumhuri yezvinonzi procyonids, nenzira iyi zvaitendwa kuti idzi dzaiva hama huru dzema raccoons. Mukati memhuri iyi panda tsvuku yakabatanidzwawo, pasinei nokuti nhasi zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti izvi hazvina zvachose chokuita neraccoons kana pandas, asi kuti iyi imhando yakasiyana-siyana mumhando yayo, iyo inonzi Ailurus.
Munguva dzanhasi, zvidzidzo zvakawanda uye bvunzo dzemajini zvinonyatsoratidza kuti panda bere kana hofori bere ndeyemhuri yebere uye inodaidzwa nemazvo kuti Ursidae. Zvinyorwa zvezvicherwa zvinonyatsoratidza kuti panda dzakasvika sei pakugara kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika, kunyange munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kunze kweizvi, chidzidzo chejenome chakapa chimwe chishuvo chinofadza; kuti rudzi urwu rwemapere rwakatanga kurarama makore anopfuura 40.000 XNUMX apfuura. Nekuda kwezvakasiyana zvisingazivikanwe zvinhu zvakaita sezvikara zvitsva, mamiriro ekunze, nezvimwewo, zvakapera, zvichisiya vashoma vasara, ivava ndivo vaizove madzitateguru emapere makuru aripo.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve dzimwe mhuka dziri munyika, usazeza kuenderera mberi nekuverenga zvinyorwa izvi:
Mhuka
