Chii chinonzi Solar System Orbit? Nhoroondo, Mhando nezvimwe

  • Mapuraneti orbits ndiwo mhedzisiro yegiravhiti uye inogona kuve elliptical kana hyperbolic.
  • Kepler akagadzira mitemo mitatu inotsanangura mafambiro emapuraneti ari munzira dzawo.
  • Isaac Newton akaratidza kuti maobhiti zvikamu zvekoniki zvinobva mugiravhiti.
  • The orbital period inotsanangura nguva inotora kuti chinhu chipedze orbit.
Viaje al Cosmos

24 maminitsi

The Orbit ine nzira iyo chinhu chiri mumhepo yezuva chine chakatenderedza chimwe, sekuti, semuenzaniso, mapuraneti ese akatenderedza Zuva.Muchinyorwa chinotevera tichadzidza zvakawanda nezve izvo zvinoumbwa nezvinotenderera. Solar System Orbits uye zvimwe zvakawanda

Orbit

Muchikamu chefizikisi, tsananguro ye orbit inzira inoteverwa nechinhu chakatenderedza chimwe apo chiri pasi pesimba repakati pesimba rine simba, segiravhiti. Kuziva nzira idzi kunokosha kuti unzwisise zvakasiyana-siyana hunhu hwemapuraneti eSolar System.

Historia

Inotanga nemupiro mukuru wemasvomhu waJohannes Kepler, uyo aizove munhu akagadzira mibairo mikuru yemitemo mitatu yePlanetary Motion yakaitwa naiye, inoti:

  • Kleper's 1st Mutemo wePlanetary Motion: Ndiko kwaakataura kuti kutenderera kwemapuraneti ese ari mukati mezuva rinova elliptical uye kuti haana denderedzwa kana, achikundikana, epicycles, sezvaimbofungwa uye kuti Zuva rakanga riri pane imwe yefoci yaro uye kwete semunhu wese. inofunga kuti Iri pakati penzira dzemapuraneti.
  • Kleper's 2nd Law of Planetary Motion: Ndiko kwaanotsanangura kuti kumhanya kwekutenderera kweimwe neimwe yemapuraneti hakuwanzo, sezvaidavirwawo, asi kuti kumhanya kwepasi kwaizoenderana nerudzi rwenzira pakati penyika neZuva.
  • Kleper's 3st Mutemo wePlanetary Motion: Ndipo pakasvika Kepler pakuwana rudzi rwekuwirirana munzira yepasirese pakati pezvinoita orbital zvimiro zveimwe neimwe yemapuraneti ari kutenderera zuva.Kune imwe neimwe yemapuraneti, nzira iri pakati payo neSol cubed (Kureba). 3), kazhinji ndiyo kuyerwa muzvikamu zvenyeredzi, izvi zvakafanana nenzira yenguva yepasi yakapetwa kaviri (Period of the Planet). 2), iyo inopimwa mumakore ePasi.

Orbit-40

Isaac Newton aizivikanwa zvikuru ndiye munhu airatidza kuti mitemo yaJohannes Kepler mukuru yakabva mudzidziso yaNewton yegiravhiti uye kuti, kazhinji kacho, mikoto yomuviri mumwe nomumwe yaiwanzopindura simba regiravhiti yaiva zvikamu zvekomboni. Uyezve, basa rake rave rakakosha pakunzwisisa solar system mapuraneti.

Saka Isaac Newton pachake akataurawo kuti miviri miviri inoenderera mberi mukutenderera kwayo kwezviyero izvo zvinowanzoenderana nemhomho yavo pamusoro penzvimbo yavo yemisi yese. Kana mutumbi mumwe ukave wakakura zvakanyanya uye wehuremu hukuru kupfuura mune imwe, rudzi rwegungano rinoitwa apo pakati peumwe neumwe wemhomho inotorwa kuti ive nzvimbo yepakati pemuviri nehukuru hwakakura zvakanyanya. chikuru kana chikuru.

Kuburikidza neruzivo rwekutenderera tinogona kudzidza, semuenzaniso, nezve Kufamba kwepasi, ndosaka zvakakosha kuziva Chii chinonzi orbit? nezvose zvinoenderana nazvo.

Planetary Orbits

Mukati meiyi planetary system inoumbwa ne:

  • Mapuraneti
  • The Dwarf Planets
  • Asteroids
  • the comets
  • Space Junk

Dzese dzinotenderera nyenyedzi huru huru muSolar System yedu, kureva Zuva. Semuenzaniso, nyaya yecomet iri mu orbit inonzi parabolic kana inozivikanwawo se hyperbolic kutenderedza main or central nyeredzi inova Zuva, harina chinongedzo chegiravhiti nenyeredzi yakataurwa uye naizvozvo haringatariswi sechikamu chegadziriro yepuraneti yenyeredzi huru.

Macomets ane zvakajeka hyperbolic orbits haana kuonekwa mukati meSolar System. Mitumbi ine giravhiti ine chinongedzo kune imwe neimwe yemapuraneti ehurongwa hwemapuraneti, angave ari ekugadzira kana echisikigo, ndiwo anoita iyo inonzi inonzi elliptical orbits yakatenderedza pasi.

Nekuda kwekuvhiringika kwebilateral gravitational, eccentricities yeimwe neimwe yemapuraneti anotenderera anowanzo siyana nekufamba kwemakore. Iyo Planet Mercury, inova pasi diki pane ese muSolar System, ine eccentric orbit yakanyanya kusiyana nemamwe ese. Inotevera iMars the Red planet, nepo mamwe mapuraneti ane zvishoma eccentricity achive:

  • the planet venus
  • nyika neptune

Kana zvinhu zviviri zvichipinda mukutenderera zvakatenderedza chimwe nechimwe, inonzi periastron ndiyo nzvimbo yekutanga apo zvinhu zviviri izvi zvichange zviri pedyo nepedyo, uye kana iri iyo inonzi apoastron, ndipo apo zvinhu zvese zviri kure kune chimwe nechimwe. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, unogona kuverenga nezve kushanda kwemitumbi mugadziriro yezuva.

Kana iri elliptical orbit , nzvimbo yepakati yehuwandu hwehurongwa huri pakati pechinhu chiri kutenderera uye chinhu chiri denderedzwa inowanikwa pa 1 yefoci yeimwe orbit, pasina chimwe chinhu pakati.

Panguva iyo imwe yemapuraneti inosvika kune inonzi periastron, iyo nyika inowedzera kukurumidza kwayo. Zvakapesana, kuti kana nyika yasvika apoastro yayo, inobva yadzikisa kusimba kwekumhanya kwayo.

Orbit-29

Intuitive Tsananguro

Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekutsanangura kuti chii chinonzi orbit, dzimwe dzacho ndedzinotevera:

  • Kana chinhu (Planet, asteroid, comet, satellite, pakati pezvimwe) chikafamba zvisina tsarukano, chinowira kune chimwe chinhu chakatenderedzwa. Zvisineyi, inofamba nekukasika zvekuti kukombama kwechinhu chakataurwa chinotenderedzwa kunowira pasi pacho nguva dzese.
  • Simba rine simba, rakadai segiravhiti, ndiro rinoita basa rekukweva chinhu nenhambwe yakakombama uchiedza kuti chirambe chichienda mumutsara wakatwasuka.
  • Kana chinhu chasvika pakudonha, chinofamba kubva kune rimwe divi nekukasira sezvo chiine tangential inodiwa kuti ikwanise kunzvenga chinhu chakatenderedzwa.

Mumwe wemienzaniso inonyanya kushandiswa kuratidza kutenderera kwepasi iNewton's Canyon. Pamuenzaniso uyu tichafungidzira kanoni iri pamusoro pegomo iyo ichapfura mabhora emakangoni ane chimiro chakachinjika.

Izvo zvichange zvichidikanwa kuti gomo harina kukwirira kwakanyanya kuitira kudzivirira icho chiri mhepo yepasi uye nenzira imwechete yekukwanisa kufuratira mhedzisiro inokonzerwa nekukweshera pane cannon bhora.

Kudai kanoni iyi yaizoridza bhora rine nhanho yakaderera yekutanga, nzira yebhora rataurwa yaizokona yobonderana nepamusoro penyika (A). Kuwedzera kumhanya kwekutanga, bhora recannon richadhumhana nepamusoro penyika asi panguva ino pane imwe chinhambwe kubva pakanoni (B), nekuti muswe uchiri kudzika, pamusoro penyika unokotamawo.

Orbit-30

Mafambiro aya anotsanangurwa nehunyanzvi sematenderedzwa, nekuti anotsanangura rudzi rwe elliptical gwara rakatenderedza pakati pesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, zvisinei, iro rinovhiringwa panguva yekudhumhana nepasi. Kudai bhora rekanoni raizoridzwa richimhanya zvikuru, pasi raizokombamira zvakakwana sezvo bhora richidonha, nenzira yokuti bhora racho raisazombobonderana nepamusoro penyika.

Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti iri kuita orbit pasina chero rudzi rwekukanganisa kana pasina kuyambuka. Saka tinogona kuratidza kuti kune imwe sipidhi inoburitsa denderedzwa orbit (C) kune imwe neimwe yehurefu huri pamusoro peicho chiripakati penzvimbo yegiravhiti.

Kana kumhanya kwedetonation kukawedzera zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo kumhanya, ipapo elliptical orbits (D) inogadzirwa. Pakumhanya kwakanyanya, inodaidzwa kuti Escape velocity, iyo zvakare ichaenderana nekirasi yehurefu kubva panoputikirwa bhora, iyo isingaperi orbit (E) inokonzereswa, chekutanga, yekirasi yeparabolic uye nekukurumidza zvakanyanya kupfuura hyperbolic. class.

Panyaya yemakirasi maviri ezvisingaperi zvinotenderera, somugumisiro, chinhu chinokwanisa kutiza kubva pane chiri giravhiti repasi uye chinoenda chakananga kunze pasina nzira.

Orbital Motion Analysis

Tichaita ongororo ine chekuita nekufamba kwesolar system, tichitanga nedzidziso inozivikanwa yekare yaIsaac Newton, tozoenda kuEinstein's Relativistic Theory uye gare gare tinoenderera mberi nekuongorora nzira dzekutenderera mukati. iyo Newtonian kesi uye Orbits mune relativistic kesi.

Orbit-31

Isaac Newton's Classical Theory of the Orbit

Kurudzi rwegadziriro yemitumbi inenge miviri chete inopesvedzera mumwe nomumwe chete negiravhiti, mikoto inogona kuverengwa nenzira yemitemo inosanozivikanwa yaNewton uye nenzira imwe cheteyo nomutemo waEinstein wesimba rinokwevera pasi rose uyo unoti: Huwandu hwemasimba ose hwaizoenzana neicho chiri kuwanda kwakapetwa spidhi. Mutemo uyu unogona kutibatsira kunzwisisa giravhiti remamwe mapuraneti.

Simba regiravhiti rinoda kuenzana nechigadzirwa chechimwe nechimwe chezvizhinji uye nekupesana kwakaenzana neskweya yenzira (rudzi urwu rwekuverenga ndirwo rwunofuratira zvese zvidiki zvinokonzeresa senge chimiro uye zvakare chiyero chechimwe nechimwe. yemitumbi, iyo isingawanzo kuve yakakosha, kana miviri iyi ichitenderera iri chinhambwe chakakura zvichienzaniswa nehukuru hwayo uye nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika kufuratira relativistic mhedzisiro iyo idiki kwazvo mumamiriro ese eSolar System) .

Kuti uite masvomhu ega ega, zviri nyore kukwanisa kutsanangura kuti ndeupi mafambiro ari murudzi rwekuronga sisitimu inotariswa kuti chii chiripakati pesimba regiravhiti. Kana imwe yemitumbi ikava yakakura kupfuura imwe, iyo yepakati yegiravhiti inowanzoenderana nemhando yepakati yemuviri inorema zvakanyanya, saka zvinogona kutariswa kuti iyo yakareruka muviri ndiyo inotenderera inorema zvakanyanya.

Dzidziso yaIsaac Newton ndeyekuti mudambudziko remiviri miviri, orbit yemuviri 2 inova rudzi rwechikamu checonic. Iyo orbit inogona kuvhurika, kana chinhu chisingadzoke, kana kuti chinogona kuvharwa, kana chinhu chacho chikadzoka, zvese zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwesimba rekinetic uye zvakare kugona kwehurongwa hunoshanda pane chinhu chepuraneti. Rudzi urwu rwekutenderera runogona kuenderana ne marudzi emapuraneti ari muchadenga.

Einstein's Relativistic Theory

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti dzidziso yerelativistic inopokana zvikuru neinonzi Newtonian dzidziso yegiravhiti, sezvo mukare chiito chenzira yekukurumidza chinoitika. Izvi nezvimwe zvikonzero zvakawanda ndizvo zvakasunda Einstein pachake kuti atsvage imwe dzidziso yakajairika yakasvika pakuzivikanwa seTheory of General Relativity iyo inowanzobatanidza rudzi rwechinomiririra relativistic chinomiririra chii chinonzi munda wegiravhiti.

Orbit-33

Mudzidziso iyi, mamiriro ehuwandu hunowanikwa munzvimbo yekunze huchapeta-nguva-nguva nenzira yekuti geometry yayo irege kuve Euclidean kunyangwe ichiramba ichiwedzera kana kushoma Euclidean kana akati masasi uye mavhisi emumwe nemumwe wemiviri. huya kuzotora zvimwe zvakakosha seizvo zvinoonekwa mukati mesolar system yedu.

Iwo anonzi mapuraneti orbits haawanzo kuomesesa zvikamu zvekonical, asi pane geodesic curves, ndiko kuti, iwo rudzi rwemutsara wediki curvature, pane chii chakabhenda geometry yenzvimbo uye nguva. Iyi dzidziso haiiti mutsara, inowanzova nyaya yekuita masvomhu nayo, semuenzaniso, kukwanisa kuwana mhedzisiro yedambudziko remiviri miviri ine masasi akafanana.

Chimwe chinhu chatingadzidza nezve Jupita satelliti, zvavanodanwa, kuti mafambiro avo ndeapi uye nezvimwe zvakawanda pamusoro pavo.

Nekudaro, kana iri nyaya yemapuraneti akadai seSolar System yedu, uko nyeredzi yepakati, inova Zuva, inowanzova yakakura kupfuura iyo mapuraneti asara, saka kutenderera kwenzvimbo / nguva kunoitwa kune iyo Zuva, izvi zvichienzaniswa neyemamwe mapuraneti uye nenzira yakadai tinogona kufunga kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvese saka zvakakura zvishoma uye kuti zvinofamba zvinoenderana negeodesic geometry yakakomberedzwa neZuva pacharo.

Panyaya yehukoshi huripo mukati meSolar System yedu, mhedzisiro yehuwandu hweiyo Einstein's Theory, inenge iri pedyo zvakanyanya nenhamba kutaura kune iyo Newton's Theory, kureva, Newtonian Theory, saka Izvi zvinokonzeresa izvo zvinonyanya kushanda zvinangwa zvekushandisa dzidziso yeNewtonian, iyo inowanzove yakapfava zvikuru kutaura komputa.

Zvisineyi, dzidziso yeNewtonian haisati yakwanisa kutsanangura mamwe marudzi echokwadi akagadziriswa kuburikidza nedzidziso yaEinstein pachake yerelativistic, pakati pavo pane mhedzisiro yekufambira mberi kwe perihelion, kunyanya yepasi reMercury, iyo yakagadzirisa. kuti itsanangurwe nefungidziro yakanakisa nedzidziso yaAlbert Einstein yerelativistic, zvisinei, hazvigoneke nedzidziso yaNewton.

Orbit-34

Orbits muNewtonian Nyaya

Kuti uongorore kuti chii chiri kufamba kwehuwandu pasi pesimba resimba guru iro nguva dzose rinofamba kubva panzvimbo yakatarwa, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekushandisa ndiko kurongeka kwematanda ayo mabviro ayo anopindirana neaya e pakati pesimba pachayo. Mune ino coordination system, iyo radial uye inochinjika zvikamu zvinotevera:

Nekuda kwekuti simba iri rakazara neradial uye kuti kukurumidza kwacho kunoenzana nesimba iri, zvinozoreva kuti mhanyiro yekuchinjika inove yakaenzana ne (0) zero.

Zvinoguma ne: 

Mushure mekubatanidzwa, zvinotevera zvichawanikwa:

,

inova rudzi rwehumbowo hwedzidziso yekuti Kepler's 2nd Law chii. Iyo Constant yekubatanidza I inova mukana weangular payuniti yehuwandu. Zvino,

Pane imwe yakawedzerwa musiyano we:

 

Simba reradial rinova f(r) nguva dzakabatana inova ar, mushure mekubvisa shanduko yenguva kubva kune radial chikamu cheyakataurwa equation, iyo inowanikwa,

Panyaya yegiravhiti, mutemo wepasi rose wegiravhiti wakaitwa naIsaac Newton ndiwo unotaura kuti simba rinobva ragadziridzwa kune sikweya yenzira.

Iko (G) inova iyo inongogara yesimba rinokwevera pasi rose, (m) ndiko kuwanda kwemuviri unotenderera uye (M) ine huremu hwepakati pemuviri. Kutsiva muequation iri pamusoro, tinowana,

Panyaya yesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, pfungwa iri kurudyi yeequation yakataurwa inozova rudzi rwekugara uyezve equation inosvika pakufanana neye harmonic equation. Iyo equation yakaitirwa orbit inotsanangurwa nechikamu inosanganisira zvinotevera:

Kupi p,e uye θ0 kuva zvigadziriso zvekubatanidzwa,

Kana iyo parameter (e) ikava isingasviki 1, ipapo (e) inova iyo eccentricity uye (a) inova iyo semi-hombe axis yerudzi rweellipse. Kazhinji, inogona kucherechedzwa se equation yechikamu checonic mumakongisheni ematanda (r,θ).

Orbits muRelativistic Case

Iye zvino, panyaya yerelativistic theory, dambudziko re-2-body rinogona kugadziriswa uchishandisa chii chinonzi Schwarzschild solution, iyo inzvimbo yegiravhiti yakagadzwa ne 1 body ine kirasi ye spherical symmetry. Kutenderera kwepuraneti munguva-nguva inova geodesic yeSchwarzschild's own metric.

Iyo orbit inowanikwa ingadai, kubva kumhando ye geodesic yeiyi Schwarzschild metric yayo, yakaenzana iyo iyo particle inozoona inoshanda kwazvo radial kumhanya inopiwa neinotevera:

Ikoko kwakarongwa sezvinotevera:

  • g c Ndiko kugara kwesimba rinokwevera pasi rose uyewo kumhanya kwechiedza.
  • r, inova Schwarzschild radial coordinate.
  • l, ndiyo orbital angular kumhanya kwepasi payuniti misa.

Izvo zvinoramba zvichifamba zvakabatana nesimba uye angular kukurumidza, izvo zvinoti:

Iyo equation yekufamba inoita shanduko ye u = 1/r, sezviri mukirasi yekare, uko kunotevera:

Kune imwe neimwe yemapuraneti eSolar System, iyo relativistic ruramiso inopiwa ne3rd temu ye2nd nhengo kazhinji ishoma kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe mazwi. Kuti uratidze zvese izvi, zviri nyore kuisa mhando ye dimensionless parameter ingave: ∈ = 2 (GM/cl)2 uye kugadzira chiyero chitsva chekuchinjana ū = ul2 / GM neicho chiri equation yekufamba iyo inogona kunyorwazve sezvizvi:

Kupi:

Panyaya yepasi Mercury, iyo parameter ∈ inoumbwa nehukuru uye kukosha kunosvikwa kubva ∈ = 5,09. 10 -8.

Zvisineyi, kushomeka kwetemu rataurwa kunoreva kuti gadziridzo dzerelativistic ndidzo dzinongoburitsa gadziriso diki uye nechikonzero chimwe chete ichocho dzidziso yaNewton, inodaidzwa kuti Newtonian, inopa fungidziro yakanaka kudaro yeicho chinotenderera zuva. Kutsvaga imwe neimwe yemidzi yebasa ƒ (ū), apo iyo shoma yeyakataurwa parameter inotariswa, iyo inotevera:

Panyaya yekutenderera kwemapuraneti, anogona kusimbiswa mu ū1 < ū <2 nyaya u >3 iyo isingabatanidzwe sezvo izvi zvichireva kuti chidimbu chinowira paZuva ū → ∞. Mhinduro ye equation inopihwa neanotevera:

Rudzi urwu rwekubatanidza runogona kudzikiswa kuita elliptic integral nekushandura shanduko kubva v = ū1 + 1/t2, zvichava se:

kupi2 = 1/ (u2 - kana1), b2 = 1/ (u3 - kana1) Uchishandisa imwe yeanonzi elliptic Jacobi mabasa, iyo yakakosha inogona kupedzwa se: ∈ 1/2 θ = bns -1 (t/a) ine module inopihwa ne k = √ b/a, uchishandisa iyi mhando yemhedzisiro yeequation ye orbit inogona kuwanikwa:

Kupi:

K2 = 2 e∈ + XNUMX (e2), inova iyo module yeese elliptic Jacobi inoshanda kune orbit. Kana ∈ = 0, izvi zvinoreva kuti A = 1 - e, B = 2e, n = ½, k = 0 uye kana zvakadaro kutenderera kwepasi kunoderedzwa zvachose kune nyaya yekare yeNewtonian theory:

Kuti imhando ye ellipse ye eccentricity e. The relativistic orbit, zvisinei, haawanzoitwa periodic, asi iquasi-ellipse inotenderera zvakanaka kutenderera Zuva.Iyi inozivikanwa se perihelion advance iyo inowanzo nyanya kududzirwa, kunyanya kuPlanet Mercury.

Kubva pane mhinduro yemaequation apfuura, perihelion inoitika pa θ = K/n uye kukosha kunotevera kwakapihwa kunova θ = 3 K/n uko k iri ¼ yenguva, iyo yakatanga saka ndiyo elliptic. yakakosha yerudzi rwekutanga rwemhando, iyo pakati pemaperihelions maviri kona yakatenderedzwa haiite 1 π asi kirasi yehuwandu inopfuura zvishoma pane:

Panyaya yePlanet Mercury ine ∈ = 5, 09. 10-8 kufambira mberi kweiyo yakaratidzwa perihelion inokwanisa kuita 41.07" pazana ramakore, kazhinji nguva yayo inosvika mazuva makumi masere nemasere, inova iyo inokosha yekuedza ye88" pazana ramakore. Rwakanga rwuri rudzi urwu rwebvumirano rwakasimbisa budiriro huru yapakuvamba yedzidziso iyo yakasvika pakuipa kubvumwa kukuru kwakafara.

Kune nyanzvi dzakawanda mumunda dzinoenderera mberi nekukakavadzana pamusoro pekuti chii Solar System Scientific Kuzivisa Chinyorwa, uko kutenderera kwezuva uye chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvinoriumba zvinonyanya kusimbiswa.

Orbital Period

Iyo inonzi orbital period inosanganisira nguva inotora chinhu chemuchadenga kana kuti nyika kuti ikwanise kunyatsoita kutenderera kwayo (kana tichitaura nezvechinhu, tinoreva mapuraneti, mwedzi, satelliti, pakati pezvimwe). Kune makirasi akasiyana enguva ye orbital yemapuraneti aya kana zvinhu zvakatenderedza Zuva:

  • Yekutanga: Sidereal Period

Yekutanga iSidereal Period, iyo inosanganisira nguva inotora kuti chinhu chipe zvachose kutenderera kwacho kutenderera Zuva, maererano nemasatelliti kana nyeredzi. Iyi nguva yenguva inoonekwa seyechokwadi chimwe chechinhu.

  • Yechipiri: Synodic Period

Yechipiri ine Synodic Period, inova nguva iyo chinhu chichazotora zvakare kuti chizviratidze panzvimbo yekutanga muchadenga, maererano nenyeredzi huru inova Zuva, kana ichionekwa kubva kuNyika. Iyi mhando yenguva ndiyo inopinza nguva iri pakati pe 2 inoenderera mberi uye tinogona zvakare kuti inguva yekunyepedzera orbital yechinhu chataurwa. Nguva iyi inosiyana neyekutanga nekuti pasi rinotendererawo kuZuva.

  • Yechitatu: Draconitic Period

Iyo Draconitic Period ine nguva yaichatora kuti chinhu chimwe chete chipfuure kaviri pane chiri kukwira node, inova nzvimbo yekutenderera kwayo inoyambuka ecliptic orbit kubva kuchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere kuenda kuchamhembe. Iyi mhando yenguva inosiyaniswa kubva kuKutanga Sidereal Period nekuti mutsetse wemanodule unowanzo siyana zvishoma nezvishoma.

  • Yechina: Anomalistic Period

Yechina iAnomalistic Period, iyo inosanganisira nguva yaichatora kuti chinhu chimwe chete chipfuure kaviri munzvimbo ye perihelion yacho, inova nzvimbo iri pedyo neZuva. Iyi nguva yechina inosiyana nePeriod yekutanga nekuda kwe chokwadi chekuti mapfundo makuru anouyawo kuzosiyana zvishoma nezvishoma.

  • Yechishanu: Tropical Period

Yechishanu ndeye Tropical Period iyo ine nguva ichatora kuti chinhu chimwe chete chipfuure kaviri munzvimbo yekungokwira kwe zero (5). Izvi zvinowanzova mupfupi zvishoma pane zvekutanga Sidereal Period nekuda kwekutangira kweanonzi equinoxes.

Geometric Parameters yeObiti

Maparamita anodiwa pakusarudza orbit ndiwo anonzi maelement e orbital, pachishandiswa mhando ye2-mass modhi inoteerera mitemo yaIsaac Newton yekufamba. Saka kune angangoita matanhatu emhando dzakakosha maparamita, anozivikanwa zvakare seKeplerian zvinhu, izvo zvinokudza ane mukurumbira fizikisi Kepler uye ane zvinotevera:

  • Iyo yekutanga parameter: Inokwira Node Kureba = ( Ω )
  • El Segundo Paramu: Pitch = (i)
  • Wechitatu Paramu: Nharo kubva kuPerihelion = ( ω )
  • Yechina Parameter: Semi Major Axis = (a)
  • The Fifth Parameter: Eccentricity = (e)
  • Yechitanhatu Parameter: Avhareji Anomaly yeEpoch = ( Mo )

Orbit-35

Kune rimwe divi, zvimwe orbital zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera kune zviri pamusoro ndezvi:

  • Chokwadi Anomaly = (v)
  • Semi Diki Axis = (b)
  • Linear Eccentricity = (∈)
  • Eccentric Anomaly = (E)
  • Chokwadi Hurefu = (l)
  • Orbital Period = (T)

Mhando dzeObits

Isu tichaona kuti ndedzipi mhando dzematenderedzwa aripo muSolar system, ayo akakamurwa kuita maviri makuru ayo ari:

  • Nokuda kwemaitiro ayo.
  • Kune yayo Central Body.

By Hunhu

Panyaya yekurongeka nehunhu hwayo pane marudzi gumi nemana ayo ari:

  • Circle Orbit
  • Ecliptic Orbit
  • Elliptical Orbit
  • Yakanyanya Elliptical Orbit kana Yakanyanya Eccentric Orbit
  • Graveyard Orbit
  • Hohmann Transfer Orbit
  • hyperbolic trajectory
  • Inclined Orbit
  • parabolic trajectory
  • Bata Orbit
  • Escape Orbit
  • Semi-synchronous orbit
  • Subsynchronous Orbit
  • Synchronous Orbit

Orbit-36

By Central Body

Panyaya yechikamu chechipiri, izvi zvakagoverwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvezvirongwa zvinoti:

  • Kutenderera Kwepasi
  • Iyo Martian Orbits
  • Lunar Orbits
  • Solar Orbits

Earth Orbits

Panyaya yekutenderera kwepasi pane makirasi gumi nemaviri ekutenderera ayo ari:

  • Geocentric Orbit
  • Geosynchronous Orbit
  • Geostationary Orbit
  • Geostationary Transfer Orbit
  • Low Earth Orbit
  • Medium Earth Orbit
  • Molnia orbit
  • Pedyo neEquatorial Orbit
  • mwedzi orbit
  • polar orbit
  • Heliosynchronous Orbit
  • Tundra Orbit

Orbit-37

Martian orbits

Panyaya yeMartian orbits pane makirasi maviri chete e orbits ayo ari:

  • Areosynchronous Orbit
  • Aerostationary Orbit

lunar orbit

Panyaya yeLunar Orbit pane chete 1 inova inotevera:

  • lunar orbit

Kana iwe usingazivi kuti chii Mwedzi kufamba, Unogona kuzviwana kuitira kuti udzidze kuti kutenderera kwemwedzi kwakadii uye kuti kunotangwa sei.

Solar Orbit

Panyaya yekutenderera kwezuva, nenzira yakafanana neyekutenderera kwemwedzi, pane 1 chete, iyo inoti:

  • Heliocentric Orbit
Solar Eclipse "Ring of Fire"
Nyaya inoenderana:
Kuora kwezuva "Ring of fire" Unoziva here kuti chii? Gadzirira inotevera!