Zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa neEuropean Environment Agency, 80% yemvura yakachena yatinodya inobva munzizi uye pasi pevhu. Chokwadi chinovhura maziso edu pakukosha kwekuchengeta nekuchengetedza kunaka kwenzizi dzedu nemamwe matsime emvura. Nhasi, tichazotarisa uye kutaura nezvedzimwe nzizi dzakakosha muEurope. Tichadzidza mazita avo, maitiro avo makuru, uye zvechokwadi, tichaedza kukuzivisai pamusoro pematanho anokosha ekuchengetedza mvura yedu yakachena.
Iyo hydrographic network yeEuropean continent yakakura kwazvo, sezvo kune nzizi dzakanyanya kukosha. Unogona kufunga kuti nzizi dzinonyanya kukosha ndidzo dzine kuyerera kukuru, asi hazvifaniri kudaro. Iyi mitumbi yemvura ine nhoroondo kumashure kwayo uye inogona kuve tsime rehupfumi rekuwana mari kumhuri zhinji, sezvo hupenyu hwagara hwakavakwa pavari.
Chii chinonzi rwizi uye ndedzipi mhando dziripo?
Rwizi runonzwisiswa kuva murwi wemvura inoyerera ichibva payakazvarwa ichienda kunzvimbo yemuromo wayo, ingave rumwe rwizi, gungwa kana dhamu. Nzizi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kusiyaniswa nekuda kwekuyerera kwadzo. Izvi zvinogona kusiyana, kuva hombe kana kushoma zvichienderana nezvikamu zvinoumba rwizi. Vanogona kuwedzera kuyerera kwavo nekuda kwekunaya, zvitubu kana seepage, meltwater kana nyika inoyerera.
Pane zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvinogona kusiyaniswa murwizi. Yokutanga ndiyo nzvimbo dzepamusoro, inzvimbo inoberekerwa rwizi. Inzvimbo iyo simba rekukukurwa kwakakwira, pamwe neiyo yekufambisa. Chikamu chechipiri ndicho kosi yepakati, tiri kutaura pamusoro penzvimbo iyo mutsetse unowedzera uye unoderera. Muchiitiko ichi pane zvakare kuita erosive pamwe nekutakura uye sedimentation. Pakupedzisira, tinotaura nezve kosi yakaderera, inzvimbo yerwizi kwaunogona kuona kuderera uye kuderera kwemvura yarwo. Munzvimbo iyi, madhamu aaitakura anoiswa uye kana asvika pamuromo anogona kuita derere kana rwizi.
Rwizi rwunoumbwa sei?
Kunaya kwemvura ndiko kunonyanya kuita kuti mvura ipinde munzvimbo dzine mvura. Hunyoro hunoungana mumakore huchasvika pamusoro pePasi sedova, mvura, mhute, sinou, kana chimvuramabwe. Mvura inodonha iyi inova chikafu chenzizi dzedu.
Mvura inonaya iyi inosefawo muvhu, ichiita mvura yepasi. Idzi mhando dzemitumbi yemvura dziri munzvimbo dzinonzi saturation zones, kwadzinochengeterwa dzobva dzayerera dzichibuda nemumapores kana mafissures muvhu pacharo. Kana mvura ichiyerera ichiyambuka idzi nzvimbo dzakaguta, mvura yakachengetwa mukati inokwira kumusoro uye inova chikamu chekuyerera kwerwizi.
Nzizi dzinonyanya kukosha muEurope
Sezvatataura pakutanga kwebhuku rino, the Europe's natural hydrographic network yakakura kwazvo; Kune nzizi mairi dzinofanirwa kushanyirwa, kwete chete nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo asi nekunaka kwadzo kukuru.. Kufamba uchitsvaga makona matsva epasi uye zvakare kusvika pakuziva nzizi dzakanyanya kukosha muEurope, chokwadi ndechekuti haina mutengo.
Zvatinopihwa naAmai Nature chimwe chinhu chisingagone kutsanangurwa nemashoko. Nzvimbo dzakanaka, nzvimbo, uye maonero atinofanira kutarisira nekunakidzwa. Cherekedza mazita anotevera atichakunongedza, sezvo usingazongoyeva kunaka kwenzizi chete asiwo nemaguta adzinoyambuka, nzira itsva yekufamba yatinokuunzira.
Volga rwizi
sw.wikipedia.org
Muchikamu chino chekutanga tinokuunzira Rwizi rweVolga ndirwo rwizi rwakareba kupfuura dzimwe dzose muEuropean continent, uye kureba kwe3700 km. Rwizi, pamepu tinogona kuona kuti mvura yaro inoyerera nepakati peEurope chikamu cheRussia. Nzvimbo yaro iri muValdai Hills, nzvimbo iri pakati peMoscow neSt. Petersburg, uye muromo wayo uri muGungwa reCaspian. Ndirwo rwizi runogona kufambiswa pasina chinonetsa munzira yarwo yose.
Rwizi rweDanube
Ndirwo rwizi rwechipiri kureba muEurope nekureba kwe2860 km. Munguva yerwendo rwayo rurefu inoyambuka 10 nyika dzakasiyana uye 4 misoro yakadai se; Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest uye Belgrade. Inobva kuGermany, kunyanya muSango dema, uye inoguma ichiyerera ichipinda muGungwa Dzvuku, uko panguva ino inoumba rwizi delta yakazara nezvirimwa nemhuka dzakasiyana, uye inoonekwa senzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka, nokudaro ichichengetedzwa.
Rin Rwizi
Nekureba kwe1233 km, takatarisana nerwizi rurefu rweEurope runoyerera muNorth Sea. Pakati peayo angangoita 1300 km kureba, huwandu hwe833 hunogona kufamba zvizere, kubva kuguta reBasel kuSwitzerland kusvika kune iyo delta inoumba muNorth Sea. Kunobva rwizi urwu runogona kuwanikwa kuSwiss Alps, uye runoyerera nemunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai seLiechtenstein, Austria, uye runoumba muganhu pakati peFrance neGermany. Kana yasvika kuNetherlands, kuyerera kwayo kunokamukana kuita matavi maviri kusvikira yasvika kumuromo wayo.
Seine rwizi
Ndirwo rwizi rwakakurumbira rweFrance uye imwe yedzakanyanya kukosha muEurope. Iyo yakareba 776 km uye iri pakati pematatu akareba munyika. Rwizi Seine runobuda muCôte d'Or uye runoyerera kwemazana emakiromita kusvika rwasvika pamuromo warwo, English Channel. Guta rine mukurumbira pasi rose reParis rakagadzirwa mumahombekombe erwizi uye ndeimwe yenzvimbo huru dzekushanya, padivi peEiffel Tower neLouvre.
Rwizi rweTagus
Rwizi urwu ndirwo rwakarebesa muSpain uye runopfuura nemundima yedu kwemakiromita anopfuura 1000 XNUMX. Iyo Tagus ine kwainotangira muSierra de Albarracín mudunhu reTeruel uye mushure meiyo 1008 km inopedzisira yava kuyerera muLisbon, muMar de la Paja estuary. Inoyambuka nharaunda dzakasiyana dzinozvimiririra muSpain dzakadai seAragon, Castilla La Mancha, Madrid, uye Extremadura. Uye huwandu hwematunhu matanhatu eSpanish; Teruel, Guadalajara, Cuenca, Madrid, Toledo uye Cáceres. Zvinonakidzawo kuziva mhuka dzesango dzekuEurope inogara pedyo nenzizi idzi.
Rwizi rweThames
Haisi imwe yenzizi refu dzatichataura pane iyi runyorwa, sezvo iri "chete" 346 km kureba, asi tinogona kutaura kuti ndiyo imwe yenzizi dzinokosha muEurope. Rwizi rweThames rwuri kumaodzanyemba kweEngland uye ndeimwe yeakanyanya kukosha munyika, sezvo ichipfuura nemuOxford neLondon. Inokwira muMakomo eCotswold uye inoyerera ichipinda muNorth Sea, uko inoumba gomo rezita rimwe chetero.
Rwizi rweEbro
Rwizi rwechipiri rwakareba munyika yedu, sezvo rwune Tagus mberi. Ndirwo rwizi rwakanyanya kukosha muSpain kana tikafunga idzo dzinotanga, dzinoyerera, uye dzinoyerera dzichipinda munharaunda yeSpanish. Mushure mokupfuura munharaunda nomwe dzinozvitonga; Cantabria, Castile neLeón, iyo Basque Country, Navarre, Aragon, uye Catalonia. Kunobva rwizi urwu rwuri paPico Tres Mares muCantabria uye runoyerera ruchipinda muMedithera, ichigadzira inozivikanwa kwazvo Ebro Delta.
river elbe
Rwizi rwechipiri rwakarebesa runoguma rwapinda muNorth Sea. Rwizi urwu runotangira kuchamhembe kweCzech Republic pakukwirira kwemamita 1400. Yakareba makiromita 1165, kubva kwairi muGiant Mountains kusvika kumuromo wayo muNorth Sea. Panguva yekufamba kwayo inoyambuka Czech Republic neGermany.
Loire river
Takawana rwizi urwu muFrance, ndirwo rwakarebesa munyika ine makiromita 1020 pakureba. Inokwira paGomo reGerbier de Jonc munzvimbo yeMassif Central uye inoyerera ichipinda muAtlantic. Mupata werwizi urwu wakakurumbira kumahombekombe ayo, kwaunogona kuona akasiyana echinyakare nhare nedzimba dzehumambo kubva ku16th ne17th century.
Rwizi Po
riosdelplaneta.com
Mukati menharaunda yeItaly, urwu ndirwo rwizi rwakareba kudarika mamwe ose anogona kuwanikwa, ane huwandu hwemakiromita 652. Inokwira muCocinian Alps, paGomo reMonviso, uye inoyerera mazana emakiromita kutozosvikira yayerera muGungwa reAdriatic. Mushure mekupfuura, inopfuura nemumaguta akakosha akadai seTurin, Piacenza, Cremona neFerrara.
Kune dzimwe nzizi dzakawanda muEurope dzataigona kuramba tichipa mazita nekuisa mumapoka seakakosha nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Asi mune iyi rondedzero pfupi, isu taida kukuratidza iwo makuru.
Nhanho yedu yezvakatipoteredza inogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kune aya makuru emvura. Zviito zvakasiyana-siyana zvatinoita mudzimba dzedu uye kunze kwadzo zvinogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemvura. Kusvibiswa kwenzizi, madhamu, uye madhamu kunofanira kudzivirirwa, sezvo ari manyuko ekusvibisa mabasa akasiyana emudzimba nemaindasitiri. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kudzidza pamusoro Chii chinonzi estuary uye tsvaga 5 dzinonakidza estuaries kuti tinogona kuwana muEurope.
Pakupedzisira, isu tine basa rekuona kuti idzi nzvimbo dzakanaka dzinochengetedza kwete chete runako rwavo asiwo kunaka kwemvura yadzo. Tinopedzisa chinyorwa ichi nekukuudza izvi nekuti tiri kuparadza zvishoma nezvishoma hutano hwepasi redu, chimwe chinhu chakakosha kwatiri uye nekupona kwemamwe marudzi, mhuka nezvirimwa.
