ari zvirimwa zvepanyika kana embryophytes ndeavo vane kugona kuumba pamusoro penyika, iboka re monophyletic rinobva kune algae yakasvibirira uye mamwe marudzi emvura. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvezvirimwa zvepanyika! Ipapa chete.
Chii chinonzi Terrestrial Plants?
Ndiwo zvirimwa zvinokura panyika, ndezve Embryophyta subkingdom uye chinovasiyanisa kubva kune algae ndechekuti nharaunda yavo haisi yemvura zvachose, sezvo ivo vakagadziridzwa kuti vararame pamusoro penyika, zvisinei, vanogona kuwana zvimwe. izvo zviri semi-aquatic, izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinogona kukura munzvimbo yakagovaniswa pakati pevhu nemvura.
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emaruva epasi anosanganisira zvisikwa zviduku zvinogona kusvika pakukura kwakasiyana, kubva pamishonga inokura mamirimita mashomanana, kusvika kumiti inogona kusvika kupfuura 100m pakureba.
Izvi nyika miti Iwo eukaryotic zvisikwa zvipenyu uye zvinodyisa kuburikidza nekufema kwemasero, kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi photosynthesis, mavanotsinhana kabhoni dhiokisi uye oksijeni nenharaunda.
Havagoni kufamba vachizvidira, kunze kweizvi havana vhudzi semhuka dzinoyamwisa uye havana muromo wekudya, asi vakafanana nedzimwe mhuka maererano nemaitiro ekubereka akawanda.
Izvi zvinomera zvine zvigadziriso zvinovabvumira kurarama nharaunda yavanenge vakaumbwa, semuenzaniso; zvimwe zveizvi zvinogadzira zvinhu zvakasarudzika zvinokutendera kuti uchengetedze masero ako kunyangwe aoma uye kana mvura ikadzokera mumuviri wako inomuka zviri nyore, izvi zvinoshanda nekuti vane kugona kuchengeta mvura mumatishu akasiyana anogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura kuburikidza ne maitiro avo ekudzivirira echisikigo.
Zviratidzo
Hunhu hwemaruva ese epasi ndeaya:
- Vanoita kuchinjanisa gasi nemhoteredzo nokuti vane pores uye stomata.
- Vanoita muitiro wephotosynthesis wavanozvidyisa nawo.
- Kutenderera kwehupenyu hwayo kunoratidzwa nekusiyana kwezvizvarwa, ndiko kuti, iyi flora inopinda munguva iyo sporophyte inoramba iripo uye imwe iyo gametophyte inoramba iripo. Kubereka kwaro kunogona kuve kwesexual kana zvepabonde, kuburikidza nembeu kana spores.
- Izvo zvinogadziriswa, sezvo midzi yavo isingagoni kufamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe.
- Vanogona kushivirira mwaranzi yezuva, kunyangwe izvi zvichigona kukuvadza yavo DNA chimiro, asi vanoitsigira kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwavo, muenzaniso weizvi ungave kuvapo kwezvimwe zvikamu pameso emasero avo kuita basa iri.
- Izvi zvinozvitsigira uye zvizhinji zvacho zvinoramba zvakati twasu, ichi chinhu chisingaitwe nezvinomera zvemumvura nekuti zvinoyangarara pamusoro pemvura.
- Mushure mekuberekwa, "embryo" inoumbwa, ndicho chikonzero izwi rokuti embryophyte rinoshandiswa mumunhu, mhuka kana mbeu yemiti muchikamu chekutanga chekukura, iyo inosimbiswa zvakanaka uye "embryo" inokura mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.
Mhando
Miti iyi inoumbwa nemidzi, dzinde, mashizha nemaruva. Kune rumwe rutivi, maruva ari kutarisira nzira yekubereka, kunyange kunewo miti yevhu isina maruva, aya magymnosperms, pteridophytes uye bryophytes, asingabereki michero.
Kuita kusarudzwa kwemaruva kunogona kuva kwakaoma zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo zvinganzi kune mapoka mumiti anonyatsotsanangurwa uye ane maitiro akajairika.
Vascular Plants
Idzi dzine matishu ane basa rekuitisa mvura uye chikafu kuburikidza nechimiro, chinosanganisira ese pteridophyte floras isingaburitse mbeu uye spermatophytes ine mbeu nemaruva, kunyangwe iri angiosperms inobereka michero.
Non Vascular Plants
Aya haana matishu, haaburitse mhodzi uye kubereka ne spores.
Kukosha Kwemiti Yepasi
Ndiyo algae yakasvibirira inopa hupenyu kune maruva ari pamusoro, embryophytes inotanga mamiriro ekubereka mamwe maitiro akakosha ehupenyu mune ecosystems.
Vanopindira munguva dzehupenyu, dzakadai semvura uye kabhoni kuti dziite oxygen kutenderera, iyo inokosha zvikuru pakufema kwezvisikwa zvose zvipenyu pasi pano, nenzira yakafanana miti yakawanda inoshandiswa pakudya uye kana ichinge yagadzirwa, inova zvigadzirwa zvinokosha.
Miti yepasi inobatsira zvikuru muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvimwe zvezvikamu zvadzo zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu nemabasa ezvinodikanwa zvikuru muupenyu hwomunhu, zvakadai se; fenicha uye real estate, mushonga, bepa, mafuta uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvigadzirwa.