La Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kwave chinhu chinosimudzira kukura kwehupfumiKukwikwidzana uye kugona kwenyika kutsungirira matambudziko akadai sedenda, kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika, kana shanduko yekukurumidza kwetekinoroji ndizvo zvakakosha. Hatisi kungotaura nezvekugadzira zvishandiso zvinoyevedza: shure kwazvo zvese izvi kune mari muR&D, mhando yemayunivhesiti, mari yebhizinesi, simba remasangano, uye kugona kushandura mazano kuita zvigadzirwa, masevhisi, uye mabasa emhando yepamusoro.
Kuti zvese izvi zvirongeke, World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) Inoburitsa Global Innovation Index (GII) gore rega rega, iyo yave chiyero chevanogadzira marongero, mabhizinesi, uye vaongorori. Zvichibva pane iyi indekisi nezvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaita seBloomberg Innovation Index, tinogona kudhirowa mufananidzo wakadzama wezviri kuitika pari zvino. Nyika dzine hunyanzvi hwakanyanya pasi rose: hunhu hupi hwadzinogovana uye chii matunhu ari kusara kumashurekunyanya kutaurwa nezveEurope, Asia neLatin America.
Chii chinonzi Global Innovation Index uye inounganidzwa sei?
El Global Innovation Index (GII/IGI) iongororo yakazara yehupfumi hwenyika dziri pakati pe130 ne140. izvo zvinopfuura kungoverenga mapatenti kana kutarisa kuti nyika inoshandisa mari yakawanda sei pakutsvaga. WIPO, pamwe chete nevabatsiri vezvidzidzo vakaita seINSEAD naCornell, vakaongorora zviratidzo zvinopfuura 78-80 kubva kumasangano everuzhinji neakazvimirira kuti vayere zvese zviwanikwa zvakagoverwa mukuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva uye mhedzisiro inowanikwa.
Index yacho yakarongwa kuita mbiru nomwe huru dzinobatanidza zviratidzo izvi: masangano; simba revanhu nekutsvagisa; zvivakwa; hunyanzvi hwemusika; hunyanzvi hwebhizinesi; kugadzira ruzivo netekinoroji; uye kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva. Nekuda kwezvinangwa zvinoshanda, nzira iyi inosanganisa zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: chimwe chinoratidza "mipiro" (zvinopihwa) mukuvandudza uye chimwe chinoratidza "zvinobuda" zvinobva muhupfumi hwega hwega.
Muchikamu chekupinda, semuenzaniso, zvinotevera zvinoyerwa: mhando yehurongwa hwemasangano, mwero wedzidzo, kushanda nesimba muR&D uye kukura kwemisika yemari. (kusanganisira mari yekutengeserana). Chikamu chemhedzisiro chinoongorora zvinhu zvakaita semapatent, zviratidzo zvekutengeserana, mamodheru emagetsi, kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika kwetekinoroji yepamusoro, masevhisi eICT, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva, uye kukosha kwechiratidzo.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti chikamu chakanaka chezviratidzo izvi yakagadziriswa zvichienderana nehukuru hwevanhu nehupfumiNemamwe mashoko, kungova munhu mukuru hazvina kukwana: mari inoshandiswa muR&D sechikamu cheGDP, huwandu hwevaongorori pamamiriyoni evanhu, uye huwandu hwemapoka ekuvandudza zvese zvinofungwa nezvazvo. Ndosaka Switzerland, nyika diki, yave ichitungamira pasi rose kwemakore. pamberi pemagamba ezvehupfumi.
Uyezve, GII haigumiri pakurongwa kwehupfumi hwese: pahupfumi hwese, gwaro rechokwadi rinogadzirwa kuti ritsanangure zvakadzama. Simba nekushaya simba kwehurongwa hwekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva, uye indekisi iyi inoongororwa yakazvimirira (yakadai seyeCOIN yeJoint Research Centre yeEuropean Commission) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nzira dzayo dzakasimba.
Mamiriro epasi rose: hunyanzvi huri kufambira mberi, kudyara mari kuri kudzikira
Muzvinyorwa zvitsva zveGII, WIPO yakaona maitiro anonetsa: Zviratidzo zvikuru zvekudyara mari mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvinoratidza kuneta zvichitevera kuwedzera kwakaonekwa panguva yedenda (2020-2022), apo nyika zhinji dzakakurumidza kushandisa mari muR&D nedhijitari kuti dzibude mudambudziko iri.
Kubva 2022-2023, kudzikira kukuru kwemari yebhizinesi pasi rosenekuderera kwakawedzerwa kwemari inosvika 40% muna 2023 zvichienzaniswa nepamusoro-soro pegore ra2021. Huwandu hwezvibvumirano zvemabhizinesi ekutengesa zvinhu zvakadererawo, neinenge 9-10%, uye mari yakawedzerwa zvakare munyika shoma nezvikamu, paine rusaruro rwakajeka kuUnited States uye kune matekinoroji akadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira.
Chimwe chinhu chakafanana chinoitika kune zvinyorwa zvesainzi uye zvikumbiro zvepasi rose zvemapatentiMushure mekukura kwakabatana neCOVID-19, zvinyorwa zvesainzi zvakagadzikana uye zvikumbiro zvemapatendi pasi pePatent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) zvakatonyora kudzikira kwe2% dzimwe nguva, kudzikira kwekutanga kubva padambudziko remari ra2009.
Nezvekushandiswa kwemari pasi rose mukutsvaga nekusimudzira, data iri rinoratidza kuti kukura kwechokwadi kuri pakati nepakati muR&DMushure mekukura kwemitengo inosvika 5% muna 2022, fungidziro dzegore ra2023-2025 dzinofanotaura kuwedzera kweinenge 2-3%, chiyero chakaderera kupfuura zvose mumakore anopfuura gumi. Kuderera uku kuri pachena zvikuru muzvikamu zvekugadzira zvinhu zvekare (mota, zvinhu zvevatengi), zvinokanganiswa nekukwira kwemitengo uye kudzikira kwemari inowanikwa.
Pasinei neizvi, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji hakuna kumira: nzvimbo dzakadai se genomic sequencing, simba rekushandisa pakombiyuta, mabhatiri emagetsi5G, marobhoti, uye mota dzemagetsi Zvinoramba zvichichinja nekukurumidza. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza kunoratidza zviratidzo zvekudzikira, kunyanya mukuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba remakombiyuta makuru uye mukudzikisa mitengo yemabhatiri, izvo zvinoomesa zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze.
Chikuva: Switzerland, Sweden neUnited States sezviyero zvekuongorora
Paunotarisa pamusoro pechinzvimbo, boka rehupfumi rinoita sekuti Vagara vachitungamira mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kwemakore.Switzerland, Sweden, neUnited States dzinogara dziri pakati pezvinzvimbo zvepamusoro muGII, uye mamwe maindices akadai seBloomberg anoaisawo pamberi petekinoroji yepasi rose.
Switzerland iri pamusoro penhamba iyi inenge nguva dzose.Nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwenzvimbo yakagadzikana yemasangano, kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kwepfuma yepfungwa, mayunivhesiti epamusoro nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa, uye hukama hwakasimba pakati pesainzi nebhizinesi, inobudirira mukugadzira ruzivo netekinoroji, kusimba kwezvinhu zvisingabatike, hunyanzvi hwebhizinesi, uye kugona kugadzira zvinhu.
Munyaya ye Sweden, hupfumi hwevanhu uye kuzvipira kukuchengetedza hupenyu Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru. Tsika yayo yedzidzo, rutsigiro rwekutsvaga ruzivo rwekutanga, uye kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese zvinoita kuti itungamire muzvikamu zvakaita sesimba rakachena, biotechnology, uye dhizaini yemaindasitiri. Uyezve, mukati meEuropean Union, iri pakati pevatungamiriri vakakwana mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, pamusoro peavhareji yeEU.
United States, kune rumwe rutivi, inotonga mumari yekutengeseranaMapoka ekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye makambani matsva. Nenzvimbo dzinopfuura makumi maviri dzehunyanzvi dzinotungamira—kubva kuSilicon Valley kusvika kuBoston kana kuEast Coast—nyika iyi inowana mubairo mukuru mukudyara mari kwemakambani muR&D, mabhuku esainzi ane simba guru (H-index), kuyera mitengo yeunicorn, uye kuwana mari yepfuma yepfungwa.
Pamusoro pechikuva ichi, dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzakadai se United Kingdom, Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Germany kana Israel Kazhinji vanoramba vari pakati penzvimbo gumi kana gumi neshanu dzepamusoro, kunyangwe paine mafambiro makuru mumakore achangopfuura, akadai sekubuda kweGermany kubva panhamba gumi dzepamusoro nekuda kwekukwira kweChina.
Kukura kweAsia: South Korea, Singapore uye kubuda kweChina
South Korea
Kana paine dunhu rimwe chete riri kuchinja mapoinzi ekugadzira zvinhu pasi rose, hapana mubvunzo kuti zvichachinja. Kumabvazuva kweAsia neKumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsiaKwemakumi emakore, nzvimbo yaitongwa neEurope neNorth America iri kuchinja kuita nzvimbo ine mativi akawanda, nyika dzinoverengeka dzeAsia dzichikwikwidzana nemasimba ekare.
South Korea ndeimwe yenyika dzine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro pasi rose Inoonekwa zvakanyanya muGII neBloomberg index, kwayaimbova nepamusoro. Modhi yayo yakavakirwa pakushandisa mari yakawanda kwazvo muR&D, kuvapo kwemakambani makuru etekinoroji (semiconductors, electronics, automotive, robotics), uye kubatana kwedhijitari kwepamusoro-soro. Inobudirirawo mukupa mapatents, kugadzira zvinhu zvepamusoro, uye kuiswa kwe5G network.
Singapore yave nzvimbo huru yehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji muAsia. Kunyangwe iri diki uye ine huwandu hwevanhu, ine tarenda resainzi nehunyanzvi, ine mitemo yakarongeka uye ine hushamwari nebhizinesi, uye zvivakwa zvedhijitari zvemazuva ano. Inotungamira muzviratidzo zvakaita sekutengeswa kwemabasa eICT kunze kwenyika, nyore kuita bhizinesi, uye kusimba kwezvinhu zvisingabatike.
Nyaya huru iri kutaurwa nezvayo China, iyo yapinda munyika gumi dzepamusoro dzine hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kekutanga Sekureva kweGII ichangoburwa, yakabvisa Germany panzvimbo yechigumi neimwe. Uyezve, ndiyo yega hupfumi hwepakati nepakati huri munzvimbo makumi matatu dzepamusoro pasi rose, zvichiputsa pfungwa yekuti nyika dzine mari yakawanda chete ndidzo dzinogona kutungamira mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.
Simba reChina rinoonekwa pamativi akati wandei: inenge [nhamba] ye [mayuniti emari] inobva ipapo. chikamu chimwe muzvina chezvikumbiro zvepasi rose zve patentInochengetedza huwandu hukuru hwemapoka ekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva pakati pezana repamusoro pasi rose uye iri kukurumidza kusvika kuUnited States senzvimbo inogona kuisa mari yakawanda muR&D, kunyanya nekuda kwekukwezva kwemakambani akazvimirira.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti Mhedzisiro yavo yekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva iri nani pane zvaitarisirwa pamari yavanowanaWIPO inosimbisa kuti nyika haingopi mari nevashandi chete, asi yakavandudzawo zvakanyanya mashandiro ayo inoshandura zvinhu izvi kuita ma patent, zvinhu zvetekinoroji yepamusoro-soro zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, zviratidzo zvekutengeserana, uye kukosha kwechiratidzo chepasi rose. Kuchinja uku kwakaita kuti pfungwa yekare ye "dhiragoni retekinoroji rakakura" - mutengi wezviwanikwa asi asina hunyanzvi - ive yechinyakare zviri pachena.
Europe: vatungamiriri vakawanda, asi vane zviratidzo zvekunyevera
Europe inoramba iri dunhu rine kuwanda kwenyika dziri pamusoro pehurongwa hwekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsvaNyika dzinenge gumi neshanu dzehupfumi muEurope dzinowanzova pakati penyika makumi maviri neshanu dzine hunyanzvi hutsva pasi rose, uye nomwe dzacho dzinokwanisa kupinda mugumi repamusoro zvichienderana nezvinyorwa zvakasiyana zveGII: Switzerland, Sweden, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Finland, Denmark uye, dzimwe nguva, Germany.
Mukati meEU, European Innovation Scoreboard inosiyanisa pakati vatungamiriri, vagadziri vezvinhu vakasimba, vane mwero uye vari kusimukiraBoka rekutanga rinosanganisira nyika dzakadai seDenmark, Finland, Belgium, Netherlands, neSweden pachayo, dzese dziri pamusoro peavhareji yeEU nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwavo hwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, masisitimu avo edzidzo, uye mari yavo muR&D.
Danho rimwe riri pazasi nderokuti Vagadziri vezvinhu vakasimba, kusanganisira Germany, Austria, Luxembourg, France, Ireland, neCyprusIdzi ihupfumi hune mhedzisiro iri pedyo kana kupfuura avhareji yeEurope, asi husati hwasvika pakubudirira kwevatungamiriri. Germany, kunyanya, yakaona chinzvimbo chayo pasi rose chichikanganiswa, kunyanya nekupinda kweChina mugumi repamusoro.
Boka rinotevera rinoonekwa vagadziri vezvinhu zvine mwero, pakati pazvo pane SpainPamwe chete neCzechia, Estonia, Portugal, Slovenia, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, neMalta, nyika idzi dziri pasi peavhareji yeEU mukuita zvinhu zvitsva, kunyangwe dziine hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwesainzi uye tarenda.
Bhiriji rekupedzisira, iro rinobva Vagadziri vatsva vari kusimukira vanosanganisira Croatia, Slovakia, Latvia, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, neRomania.Mhedzisiro yavo iri pasi peavhareji, kunyange hazvo vamwe vavo vari kuvandudza nzvimbo dzavo zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwekukwezva mari yekudyara mumaindasitiri uye kubatanidzwa mumaketani emitengo yeEurope.
Germany, marobhoti uye kukunda kweChina
Nyaya yeGermany inofanirwa kutaurwa zvakasiyana nekuti Ichiri simba re tekinoroji nemaindasitiri, asi yarasikirwa nekuvapo kwayo pamusoro pemapoinzi epasi rose.Zvichizivikanwa kuti hupfumi hweGermany hwakabatana neinjiniya nekushandisa hunyanzvi hutsva, hupfumi hwenyika iyi hwakabviswa kubva pagumi repamusoro neChina muzvinyorwa zveGII zvazvino.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kudzikira uku kusvika panzvimbo yechigumi neimwe hazvirevi kuti wadonha, uye hazvirevi kuti Hurongwa hwezvinhu zvitsva muGerman huri kudzikiraPakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, data reindex harisati raratidza zvakazara zvinokonzerwa nesarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakadai sehondo dzekutengeserana dzehurumende yaTrump kana shanduko dzakazotevera dzemaindasitiri. Uyezve, Germany ine mukana mukuru muzvikamu zvakaita semotokari, michina, uye marobhoti.
Sekureva kweInternational Federation of Robotics, Germany ndiyo musika mukuru we marobhoti emaindasitiri yeEuropeNemayuniti anopfuura 230.000 ekushanda uye nzvimbo itsva dzinosvika 26.000 pagore (nhamba dziri kutenderera muna 2022), hupfumi hweGermany hunoita chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemarobhoti ese akaiswa mukondinendi, zvichiratidza hunyanzvi hwayo hwepamusoro hwekushandisa otomatiki uye kuzvipira kwayo kuIndustry 4.0.
Zvisinei, pasi rose iri kurasikirwa nenyika dzeAsia. South Korea neChina dzinopfuura Germany muhuwandu hwemarobhoti uye mwero wekuiswa kwawouye vari kusunda muganhu wetekinoroji munzvimbo dzakadai sema semiconductors, consumer electronics, uye mota dzemagetsi. Kuchinja uku mukuenzana kunoratidzwa muGII nemune zvimwe zviratidzo zvechikamu.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, zvese zvinoratidza kuti Germany inoramba iine mukana mukuru wekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kwenguva refu.Network yayo yemasangano ekutsvagisa anoshandiswa, simba reMittelstand yayo yetekinoroji uye kugona kwayo kutungamira munzvimbo dzakakosha zvinoichengetedza semutambi akakosha mumakwikwi epasi rose, kunyangwe nhandare yacho iri diki zvakanyanya.
Spain: nyika ine hunyanzvi isingambokwanisi kushandura hunyanzvi hwayo kuita hutsva
Spain inowanzoonekwa mu chinzvimbo chiri pakati pe28 ne31 muGlobal Innovation Indexuye munzvimbo dzakafanana muBloomberg Innovation Index. Kureva kuti, iri muboka revagadziri vezvinhu vane mwero mukati meEU, kure neboka rinotungamira kune nyika dzeNordic, Germany, Netherlands, neSwitzerland.
Chakavanzika ndechekuti Spain inyika ine hunyanzvi hwesainzi hunoshamisaHuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvesainzi nemagwaro huri kuwedzera gore negore, uye kune mienzaniso inoshamisa yekubudirira kwenyika dzakawanda, senge kutora chikamu kweSpain mumabasa emuchadenga kuenda kuMars (nenzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzemamiriro ekunze dziri paPerseverance rover uye mabasa ekare, akagadzirwa neCenter for Astrobiology neINTA).
Zvisinei, hurongwa uhwu hune dambudziko ne kushandura hunyanzvi kuita hutsva hwekutengeseranaNemamwe mashoko, kune mazano akanaka, sainzi yakanaka uye tarenda, asi zvakaoma kuashandura kuita mapatent, makambani etekinoroji anogona kukura, zvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakanyanya uye, kazhinji, mhedzisiro inoyerwa nezviratidzo zveGII.
Pakati pesimba renzvimbo yeSpain, zvinotevera zvinoonekwa: kuvapo kwezvinokurudzira mitero uye rubatsiro rweR&D&INzvimbo yakachengeteka zvine mwero yepfuma yepfungwa, musika wevashandi wakadzidziswa zvakanaka, uye huwandu huri kuramba huchikura hwekunyoreswa kwepatenti nemapurojekiti matsva. Mari yeruzhinji yesainzi netekinoroji muBhajeti Renyika Yose iri kuwedzerawo.
Kune rumwe rutivi rusina simba, zvinhu zvakaita se Kushaya simba kwevaongorori vari kunze kwenyika, kusagadzikana kwebasa resainzi, hutungamiriri, uye R&D yakaderera yemakambani Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dziri kutungamira muEurope, EU inosimbirira pakudiwa kwekugadzirisa zvivakwa, kuisa mari yakawanda muruzivo, shanduko muhurongwa hwekugadzira, uye kukurudzira kwakawanda kuti vemakambani akazvimirira vazvipire zvechokwadi kuR&D.
Latin America: Kufambira mberi kwakananga uye musiyano mukuru wemhedzisiro
Patinotarisa mepu yekuvandudza zvinhu pasi rose, Latin America inopenya zvishoma kupfuura zvainogonaDunhu iri harina nyika iri pakati penyika makumi mashanu dzakanyanya kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva muzvinyorwa zvitsva zveGII, uye rine musiyano mukuru pakati pezviwanikwa zvakagoverwa mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva nemigumisiro yazvino.
Chile ndiyo nyika inonyanya kusarudzwa muLatin AmericaIri panhamba 38-60 zvichienderana nebhuku rayo uye kwarinobva. Inozivikanwa nekunyoresa kwayo kwepamusoro mudzidzo yepamusoro, mari yayo yemusika, uye hunyanzvi hwemusika wayo, zvichigadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yekuvandudza zvinhu zvepachivande. Zvisinei, kushanda kwayo mumabasa ekuchengetedza magwaro, tekinoroji, uye kugona kugadzira zvinhu hakusviki pane zvaitarisirwa, zvichiratidza dambudziko rekushanda zvakanaka.
Brazil neMexico ndidzo dzimwe injini mbiri huru dzemudunhuBrazil inobudirira mukubudirira kwesainzi uye mari yekudyara yega muR&D, nepo Mexico iine simba rakajeka mukugadzira zvinhu zvepamusoro, kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvetekinoroji yepamusoro, uye kutora chikamu mumaketani epasi rose ezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri. Asi zvese zviri kuremerwa ne kusasimba kwemasangano, matambudziko ekuwana mari, uye kushandira pamwe pakati peyunivhesiti nebhizinesi.
Mhosva ye Dominican Republic inoratidza zvakajeka matambudziko ari munharaunda iyiPasi rose, iri panhamba 97, uye iri panhamba 10 muLatin America. Yavandudzika mune zvimwe zviratidzo zvekushandisa (masangano, zvivakwa, hunyanzvi hwebhizinesi), asi mhedzisiro yayo yekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva iri kumashure zvikuru, zvichiratidza kushanda kwakaderera kwehurongwa.
Kazhinji, Latin America inotambura nechirwere che musiyano wakanyanya kuratidzwa wekupinda-kubudaKunyangwe paine mari yekudyara (kunyangwe isina kukwana) uye kugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvesainzi kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore gumi apfuura, mari yekutengeserana yakaderera uye dunhu iri harina kukwanisa kushandura kuedza uku kuita huwandu hwakawanda hwemapatent, makambani matsva ehunyanzvi hwepasi rose kana kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro kwakafanana nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Central Asia, Middle East neAfrica: dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kubuda dzinopisa zvikuru
Kupfuura masimba ekare neekumabvazuva kweAsia, GII inoratidza nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzesimba idzva muCentral Asia, West Asia neAfrica, uko dzimwe nyika dziri pamusoro pezvaitarisirwa tichitarisa huwandu hwemari yadzinowana.
MuCentral neSouth Asia, India iri kutungamira zviri pachena munharaunda iyi uye iri kubatanidza chinzvimbo chayo senyika inotungamira muhupfumi hwemari iri pakati nepakati mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva. Simba rayo rinosanganisira kutumira kunze kwenyika IT masevhisi (kwainogumira pahutungamiriri hwepasi rose), kugamuchira mari yebhizinesi, kusimba kwemidziyo isingabatike uye ecosystem yeunicorn inoiisa pakati penyika gumi dzepamusoro mukukosha kwemakambani aya.
KuMiddle East neNorth Africa, nyika dzakadai se Israeri, Cyprus, United Arab Emirates, kana Turkey Ndivo vari kutungamira pakurongwa kwenzvimbo. Israel ichiri chiyero mukudyara muR&D sechikamu cheGDP, mari yekutengeserana inowanikwa, uye mabasa eIT anotumirwa kunze kwenyika, nepo Turkey ichiita zvakanaka mumhando, magadzirirwo emaindasitiri, uye simba rezvinhu zvisingabatike, zvichiiisa pakati penyika dzine mari yepamusoro nepakati dzinoshanda zvakanaka.
MuAfrica iri kumaodzanyemba kweSahara, hutungamiriri hwedunhu huri pasi pe Mauritius, South Africa, Botswana, Cape Verde kana SenegalNyika dzinoverengeka dziri kuratidza kufambira mberi kukuru mukupinda kwemari yebhizinesi, kuumbwa kwemari, kutumira kunze kwenyika masevhisi eICT, uye kukura kwekubudirira. Hupfumi hwakaita seKenya, Rwanda, neMadagascar hunoonekwawo muzviratidzo zvekuvandudza, huchiita zvinopfuura zvaitarisirwa pamari yavanotambira.
Nzira idzi dzinoratidza kuti Nyika dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera kushandisa hunyanzvi hutsva senzira yekusimudzira budiriro, kusanganisira nyika dzine mari shoma nedzepakati.Dambudziko kwavari nderekuvaka nharaunda dzakakwana—kubva padzidzo kusvika pakubhadhara mari nemirau—inobvumira pfungwa dzakanaka kukura nekugadzira mhedzisiro chaiyo munharaunda nehupfumi.
Latin America, Spain uye dambudziko rekubva pakugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kuenda kuzvinhu zvitsva
MuSpain nemunyika dzakawanda dzeLatin America, maitiro aya anodzokororwa: Hapana kushomeka kweunyanzvi hwekugadzira kana tarenda resainziAsi kune nzira dzinoshanda dzekushandura hunyanzvi ihwohwo kuita hutsva hunoyerwa, hunoenderera mberi, uye hunobatsira. GII nemimwe mishumo inoratidza izvi zvakajeka, ichiratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka mubudiriro yesainzi asi huwandu hushoma mumagwaro epatenti, makambani etekinoroji, uye kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika.
Musiyano uripo pakati pe Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye hunyanzvi ndizvo zvakakoshaKugadzira zvinhu zvitsva inzira yekufunga, inochinjika uye yakaoma kuyera; kune rumwe rutivi, kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva inzira inobatsira inosanganisira kushandura pfungwa kuita mhinduro dzakajeka, dzinogona kukura, uye dzine simba. Munhu anogona kuva neunyanzvi hwakakura pasina kushandura zviratidzo zvekuvandudza, nekuti hunyanzvi hunoda zviwanikwa, kurongeka, mari, chido chenjodzi, uye nharaunda inotsigira.
Uyewo, Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva kunoyerwa uye kunoda mariZvivakwa, mapoka emakambani akasiyana-siyana, uye, kazhinji, nguva refu yekukura ndizvo zvinhu zvinonyanya kukonzera. Nokudaro, nyika dzinonyatso shandura zvinhu kuti zvive mhedzisiro dzinowanzova idzo dzakawana chiyero pakati pekudyara kwehurumende, zvirongwa zvepachivande, masangano akanaka, kugadzikana kwemitemo, uye tsika inoshivirira kukundikana kwemabhizinesi.
Panyaya yeSpain, kuongororwa kwechirwere kunobvumirana pakudiwa kwe kusimbisa nzira dzekutsvaga nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva munyikaKuwedzera tsvakurudzo nekuvandudza mabasa ehurumende, kurerutsa mabasa ehurumende, kugadzirisa mabasa esainzi, uye kudzivirira dambudziko repfungwa. Dambudziko rakafanana neriri kusangana nenyika dzinoverengeka dzeLatin America, idzo dzinodawo mitemo yenguva refu uye magariro ekunze akasimba.
Kana tichitarisa mufananidzo wose wakanyorwa neGII nedzimwe indices, zvinova pachena kuti Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva ikozvino ndicho chinhu chinosiyanisa hupfumi huri kutungamira zvirongwa zvepasi rose kubva kune huri kusaririra kumashure.Nyika dzakadai seSwitzerland, Sweden, United States, South Korea, Singapore, neChina dzinoratidza kuti kubatanidza mari muR&D, vashandi, masangano akasimba, uye kuvhurika kwenyika dzakawanda kunobvumira kufambira mberi nekukurumidza, nepo ruzhinji rwekumaodzanyemba kweEurope neLatin America ruchave ruchibhejera mumakore gumi anotevera pakukwanisa kwavo kusimuka kubva pakugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda kuenda kuzvinhu zvitsva zvakarongeka uye zvinogara kwenguva refu.
