Iwe unoda here kuziva kuti ndeipi nyika yakakura pane yedu solar system? itachii chinonzi jupiter? Zvakanaka, ndezve nyika Jupiter uye ine hunhu hwakanyanya, sekuumbwa uye kuumbwa kwayo, saka tinokukumbira kuti uverenge chinyorwa ichi kuti uwedzere ruzivo rwako rwepasi rino hombe.
Jupiter Kuumbwa
Iyo hombe yeJupiter ipuraneti yekugadzira gasi, iyo inoshanduka kuve musanganiswa wehydrogen mukuzara kwe93% uye helium mukuzara kwe7%. Inoumbwa nemagasi uye inoumba 71% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemamwe mapuraneti ari mu solar system, the nyika Jupiter inomiririra uwandu hwayo hwose.
Jupiter ndiyo nyika iri pachinzvimbo chechishanu maererano neZuva, sezvo ichitungamirwa neMercury, Venus, Earth neMars, mukurongeka ikoko. Yakagamuchira zita iroro mukukudza mwari wengano dzeRoma ainzi Jupiter. Zvinokwanisika kuicherechedza neziso rakashama mumatenga eusiku, nokuti ndiyo yechina inopenya yekudenga, mberi kweZuva, Mwedzi uye nyika Venus.
Asi chiyero chekupenya pakati penyika Venus uye nyika Jupiter Zvinosiyana, zvichienderana nemwedzi wegore watinozviwana tiri mauri. Semuenzaniso, mumwedzi waKurume, Venus inopenya zvakajeka kupfuura Jupiter, asi mune mimwe mwedzi zvakapesana ndezvechokwadi.
Jupiter hunhu
Sezvakaita mamwe mapuraneti egasi anoumbwa, mhepo dzayo, dzinosvika anenge makiromita 600 paawa, inopinda nepamusoro pepasi. Jupiter ine inozivikanwa zvikuru Great Red Spot, inogara ichicherechedzwa nevanoongorora nyeredzi. Iyo inzvimbo yekumanikidza mumhepo yayo ine yakanaka uye yakasarudzika maficha. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve maficha ayo, tinokurudzira kuverenga chinyorwa nezve maitiro ePlaneti Jupiter.
Zvakatemerwa kuti nyika Jupiter inoburitsa simba guru zvikuru muchadenga kupfuura rinotorwa neZuva.Chimwe chinhu chakatanhamara cheJupiter uye chatinofanira kuonga zvikuru nacho ndechokuti nokuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakashanda senzira inodzivirira yezvipenyu paNyika. Dai Jupiter anga asiri mazviri Orbit uye nzvimbo, pasi redu raizonyanya kutyisidzirwa ka1000 nekurova kweasteroid.
Kunaya kweasteroids uye meteorites munharaunda yedu yepasirese inotenderera uye inoitika makore makumi matanhatu ega ega, uye kuti zvigoneke kuti hupenyu hubate paPasi, Jupiter yakaita basa rinokosha, sezvakataurwa munyaya ye. zvinoda kuziva zvejupiter.
Kuvapo kweiyi nyika huru mugadziriro yedu yezuva kwave kuchikosha, nokuti hukuru hwayo hunokonzera simba rokudhonza rinokwezva zvinhu zvikurusa zvinoumba tyisidziro dzokuparadza kukuru.
Jupita satelliti
Unoda kuziva kuti vangani Jupita satelliti? Zvakanaka, kune dzakawanda. Kutanga, tinogona kukuudza kuti pasi rino rakapoteredzwa nemwedzi inodarika makumi matanhatu. Ma satellite ekutanga eJupiter akawanikwa muna 60. Galileo Galilei akakwanisa kuwana, achishandisa rudimentary telescope, mwedzi mina mikuru yeJovian system: Io, Europa, Ganymede, uye Callisto.
Gare gare uye nekuda kwekutumirwa kwevaongorori venzvimbo, takakwanisa kuona mufananidzo wakajeka wenhamba yemwedzi yeJovian. Parwendo rweVoyager probe muna 1979, Metis, Adrastea neThebe zvakawanikwa. Asi kusati kwave nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo, nyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudenga dzakanga dzatowana Amalthea (1892), Himalia (1904), Elara (1905), Pasifae (1908), Sinope (1914), Lysithea naCarmi (1938), Ananké (1951) , Leda (1974), Themisto (1975), Callírroe (1999).
Muna 2000, masatelliti matsva gumi akawedzerwa kuhurongwa hweJovian, zvichiita kuti nhamba yemwedzi yeJupiter isvike ku28. Muna 2001, mwedzi mitsva gumi nomumwe yakabatana nemasatelliti ayo. Zvadaro, muna 2003, mamwe ma satellites makumi maviri nematatu akawanikwa, kusvika muna 23 rondedzero yacho yakasvika kumwedzi yeJovian 2006 inozivikanwa, asi nhamba huru yavo ine dhayamita yemakiromita mapfumbamwe.
Apo muongorori wemuchadenga New Horizons akakwanisa kusvika nekubhururuka pamusoro pe nyika Jupiter Muna 2007, takakwanisa kuona mamiriro ekunze kwayo, tichikwanisa kuona zvikwata zvemakore zvinochinjana nenzira yakapararira uye zvakagoneka kuona kuti hofori iyi inotambura nemadutu anoratidzirwa nehombe dzeeddies dzinotora chimiro cheovha.
Takataura kuti Jupiter ipuraneti hombe yakabatira Pasi senhovo isingapindi bara, uye ikoku kwakadaro nemhaka yokuti saneti muviri uri muchadenga unotenderera nyeredzi, muchiitiko chegadziriro yedu yezuva, Zuva. vane huremu hune simba rinokwevera rinokwevera mamwe masimba emudenga nekuabvisa munzira yawo. Ndicho chikonzero nei Jupiter yatora ruzhinji rwevanhu vakatyisidzira pasi redu.
Jupiter nezviyero zvayo
Zvakaonekwa kuti dhayamita yeJupiter ingangoita 11,2 nguva yePasi uye kuti pasi rino rinotenderera kufamba kwe9 h 55 min 27,3, iyo inoumba kureba kwezuva paJupiter. nekuda kwehukuru hwayo,munhu anofanira kugumisa kuti iri kufamba nepamusoro-soro. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi pano, unogona kubvunza ruzivo pa simba rinokwevera pasi reJupiter.
Ngatitarisei zvimwe zviyero zveJupiter:
- Aphelion (106 km): 816.62
- Perihelion (106 km): 740.52
- Eccentricity: 0.048775
- Synodic Period (mazuva): 398.88
- Avhareji yekumhanya kweorbital (km/s): 13.07
- Kurerekera kune ecliptic: 1.30530 °
- Axial Angle: 3.13°
- Avhareji yedhayamita: 139 km
- Vhoriyamu (km3): 1.43128×1015
- Husa (kg): 1.8986 x 1027, inova 317,8 nguva yePasi.
- Simba regiravhiti (m/s2): 24.7964249
- Escape Velocity (km/s): 59.5
- Equatorial Diameter (km): 142
- Polar dhayamita (km): 133 708
- Albedo: 0,52
- Nhamba yemasatelliti: 79 panguva ino
- Kupisa kwepamusoro: -121°C (152K)
- Sidereal kutenderera nguva: 9 h 55 m 27.3 s
- Kuumbwa: inenge hydrogen: 89% helium: 10%
chimiro chejupiter
Izvo hazvina kukwanisa kumisa nechokwadi kuti chimiro cheiyo nyika Jupiter, Asi zvakagumiswa kuti mapuraneti makuru akanga ari chibereko chokuunganidzwa kwemagasi ehydrogen nehelium akapoteredza nzvimbo inoumbwa nematombo neaizi.
Jupiter ine huremu hwakapetwa ka318 pane yePasi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti ine mukatikati mematombo, iyo inoumba agglomeration yesimbi uye silicates ine hupamhi hwePasi uye inofungidzirwa kuti ine kanokwana kagumi ukuru hwePasi. Pakati paro pamatombo panogona kuwanikwa pakafashama nehydrogen uye mvura helium patembiricha ingangoita 10 ºK, ine pressure inogona kuita 16.000 miriyoni atmospheres.
Zvechokwadi, kuumbwa kwayo kwakadzidzwa zvichienderana nemaitiro akataurwa. Zvinotemerwa kuti pakati paro pematombo ane saizi ingangoita 7% yehukuru hwayo, iyo idiki zvekuti vesainzi havataure nucleus iyi pavanotaura nezvayo. nyika Jupiter.
Ichokwadi kuti inofungidzirwa kuti 93% yehuwandu hweJupiter inoumbwa nemagasi, asi hatigoni kufunga kuti magasi ari paJupiter ane chimiro chakafanana nemhepo yedu, asi kuti anomiririrwa zvakanyanya kufanana nepamusoro-density. aqueous medium. , iyo yakatsikirirwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukweva kwepasi.
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakati peJupiter, maatomu emamorekuru ehaidhirojeni akagadzirwa nesimbi anotsemuka nekudzvinyirirwa kukuru uye anoshandurwa kuita ionized haidrojeni. Iri munzira yekukwira kumusoro kwayo iyo hydrogen zvishoma nezvishoma inova rudzi rwemvura ine gasi. Nekuda kwechinhu ichi, hapana mitsara yekuchinja pakati peJupiter's hydrogen shells.
Maumbirwo uye Tembiricha
Kudai taigona kucheka kubva pamusoro payo kuenda mukati mayo, taizoona kudzika zvishoma nezvishoma kuva mhute yakakora iyo yaizowedzera kuomesa uye isina kujeka zvikuru kutozosvikira tasvika mudhamu remvura yehydrogen.
Dziva iri raizonyanya kuomarara uye nekupisa kwepamusoro, zvichizoguma nesimbi yehaidhirojeni iyo yakanyanya kusimba uye inopisa (16000 K) kusvikira tasvika panhongonya yedombo, nekudziya kwe25.000 K uye kumanikidzwa kunosvika mamiriyoni makumi masere emuchadenga.
Zvidzidzo zveSpectroscopic zvakaitwa nevanoongorora muchadenga zvakakwanisa kuputsa nharaunda yemhepo yeJupiter. Izvo zvakapedzwa kuti Jupiter inoumbwa ne86% hydrogen (H) 14% helium (He), shoma shoma methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) uye mvura mhute (H2O).
Iyo Great Red Spot
Takatoratidza kuti Jupiter, yakatumidzwa zita ramwari weRoma, ndiyo nyika huru pane inotenderera zuva, ine hukuru hunodarika Nyika kanokwana ka317. Inogona kuonekwa mumatenga ehusiku, kunyanya panguva dzegore apo Jupiter neZuva zvakatarisana mudenga, izvo zvinoonekwa kubva kuNyika. Panzvimbo iyi ndipo panonzi Jupiter iri padyo nePasi.
Aya anopokana nzvimbo pakati peZuva neJupiter anoitika panguva dzemwedzi gumi nemitatu. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo inocherekedza flatten yeJupiter inogona kunyatso kucherechedzwa. Nzvimbo yakakura tsvuku yakaonekwa pamusoro payo, yakananga kunzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba, iri pa latitude ye 13 °. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve iyi tsvina, unogona kubvunza chinyorwa nezve nyika huru.
Nepo Nyika nemapuraneti epasi ari miviri yakasimba inoumbwa nemusanganiswa wemasilicates nesimbi, ayo akakomberedzwa netushoma magasi, Jupiter inoumbwa nehydrogen nehelium diki, nenzira yakafanana kune chimiro chezuva.
Rwendo rweGalileo Space Probe
Muongorori weGalileo akavakwa neNASA kuti adzidze nyika Jupiter uye masatelliti ayo, akapinda mumhepo yaro muna 1995. Kweawa, tichirwisana nemhepo yemakiromita 320 paawa, zvaigoneka kuratidza kuti haidhirojeni ndiyo inokunda uye kuti tembiricha inowedzera nokukurumidza kusvika pakadzika penyika. Zvakaratidzwawo kuti Jupiter ine ring system, semazuva ose mumapuraneti makuru, akafanana neakataurwa munyaya pamusoro. Mhete dzeJupiter.
Ring system inoumbwa nezvidimbu zvematombo madiki anouya pamwechete akatenderedza chimiro chiri kufamba, chakakura uye chakatetepa kwazvo. Saizvozvo, Jupiter ine dutu guru pamusoro payo, inozivikanwa seGreat Red Spot. Yakawanikwa nemuzivi wenyeredzi mukuru Cassini, anenge makore 300 apfuura.
Dutu iri rine zvimiro zvemakiromita 12 000 x 25, iyo inopeta kaviri kukura kwePasi. Pamwe chete nehuwandu hwayo, nguva uye kuvapo kwayo zvinoramba zvisingatsananguriki.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti dutu rinofanirwa kushanduka uye rozopera nekufamba kwenguva, asi muchiitiko cheJupiter, mushure memakore mazana matatu ekutarisa nekudzidza, zvakaonekwa kuti Great Red Spot haina kana kumbochinja. Mamichina ekwakabva anoramba ari chakavanzika kusainzi.
Kwemakore anopfuura 100, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakataura kuti chimiro chikuru chinooneka paJupiter chaiva Great Red Spot. Asi pari zvino, nemifananidzo inogona kutorwa neCassini space probe, zvave zvichigoneka kuwana kuvepo kwechimwe chimiro chehukuru hwakafanana uye yakabhabhatidzwa seGreat Dark Spot.
Ballet yeGalilean Satellites
Munguva yerwendo rweGalileo probe, yakaitwa pakati pa1989 na1995, asteroids Gaspra neIda zvakacherechedzwa zvakanyanya, zvichiona kuti Ida ine mwedzi wayo, wainzi Dactyl. Muna 1995, Galileo probe yakatumirazve module yakakwanisa kunyura mumhepo yeJupiter kweawa imwe.
Yakaparadzwa mushure me200 km yekunyudzwa, nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kukuru uko mhepo yeJupiter yaizviisa pasi uye tembiricha yakasvika iyo yaive 460 ° C. Munguva iyi, data pamusoro pekuumbwa kwemhepo yakaunganidzwa, iyo inofadza zvikuru kunzwisisa mwedzi seEuropa.
Asi nguva iyoyo nedaro rakafambwa zvakanga zvakakwana kuti zvione zvinhu zvinoumba mhepo yakapoteredza Jupiter. Gore rakapfuura, muna 1994, ongororo yeGalileo yakazviwana iri munzvimbo ine ropafadzo yekuona kuti comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 yakakanganisa sei pamusoro peJupiter.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa pamusoro nyika Jupiter ndeyekuti munharaunda yaro pane chaiyo yakaderedzwa solar system. Imwe nyaya yakakurukurwa zvakanyanya nevesainzi ndeyekuti zvinogona kuitika kuti nucleus yeJupiter inobatidza uye ive imwe nyeredzi. Pamusoro pezvo, masatelliti ayo anopfuura makumi matanhatu ari kutenderera munharaunda yaro munzvimbo iri padyo nepakati pemutsara wayo, semapuraneti ari kutenderera zuva musolar system yedu.
Mwedzi mina yeGarireya yeJupiter
Masetelliti mana eJupiter akawanikwa naGalileo Galilei: Io, Europa, Ganymede naCallisto vanoita ballet pakati pavo, iyo inogona kucherechedzwa nepeya yakapfava ye10x50 mabhinoculars uye kana tiine dhayamita ye60mm yekuona mudziyo, tichakwanisa kuona maviri akafara, mabhandi erima kana zvindori, izvo zviri muhukudzo hwepurani.
Rwendo rweCassini space probe
Nezve "Io", yakatemwa kuti ine kuputika kukuru kwekuputika mumhepo yezuva, nekureba kwemakiromita anopfuura 3600, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakakura zvishoma kudarika Mwedzi wedu, une makiromita 3. .474,6 makiromita.
Kuwanikwa ye "Io" yakagoneka nekuda kwemifananidzo yakatorwa neCassini space explorer, aine makore anotenderera eJupiter semashure, zvichiita kuti chokwadi fungidziro pamusoro pehukuru hwesatellite iyoyo.
Izvo zvakapedzwa kuti "Io" inotenderera Jupiter, nekumhanya kukuru uye kuti iri pakakwirira makiromita 350.000 pamusoro pemakore eJupiter, iyo yakafanana zvikuru nedaro riri pakati pePasi neMwedzi. . Zvese zvakapedzwa kubva kuruzivo rwakawanikwa neCassini probe, iyo yakakwanisa kutora mifananidzo kubva kure nemakiromita gumi kubva kuJupiter.
The Shoemaker-Levy 9
Pakubhururuka kwayo kwekupedzisira, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 yakapfuura padyo ne nyika Jupiter muna 1992 uye mhepo yepasi yakaita kuti kometi iparadze kuita zvidimbu makumi maviri, asi yakaramba iri munzira. Makore maviri gare gare, sezvayakasvika kuJupiter zvakare, zvimedu zvekometi zvakarovera pamusoro peJupiter kwemazuva manomwe.
Chiitiko ichi chaigona kuonekwa kwemavhiki muhurefu hwemasaisai huripo uye mune dzinenge nzvimbo dzese dzemuchadenga dziri munyika, tichiona kuti gore rezvinhu rakagadzirwa pamusoro pesaiti iyo yakawanda yekukanganisa kwakaitika.
Tinovimba kuti wakanakidzwa nezviri muchinyorwa chino uye kuti zvinokukurudzira kuti urambe uchiferefeta uye nekuwana ruzivo nezvezvakavanzika zvikuru zvesolar system yedu.
Iwe unogona zvakare kufarira kuziva