Maruva nemimhanzi zvinoita kuti pave nekubatana kwakasimba zvinoshamisa: pazvinobatana, zvinovaka nyaya yakagadzirwa nezviratidzomanzwiro uye zvirevo zvetsika izvo zvinopfuura kushongedza. Mumazana emakore, vaimbi, vadetembi, vaimbi, uye kunyange vafungi venhema vakashandisa mavara, mavara, mutinhimira, uye kurongeka semutauro chaiwo wakanyorwa unotaura nezverudo, rufu, zvemweya, simba, kana chishuwo.
Kuongorora hukama ihwohwo kwakafanana nekutarisa pasi rose apo ruva risiri ruva chete, chiratidzo che3/4 nguva hachisi chekuyera rhythm, uye mufananidzo wemaruva mumufananidzo hausi kungoshongedza chete. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, tinosangana nedambudziko iri. zvinoreva zvakavanzika, makodhi emanzwiro, uye kuverenga kwezviratidzo zvinoda kuti muoni (kana muteereri) anyatsoteerera uye, kupfuura zvose, anyatsotarisa zviri kuitika.
Maruva semutauro unoonekwa: zvinopfuura kushongedza kwakanaka
Munhoroondo yeunyanzvi, maruva anowanzova kure nezvinhu zvisina kwazvakarerekera: anoshanda se mutauro wechokwadi unoonekwa, wakavakirwa pakudzokorora tsikaKuburikidza nekuonekwa nguva dzose mumifananidzo, machira, macover ema album, uye mavhidhiyo emimhanzi, mamwe marudzi akazara nerevo dzakafanana. Muoni haachaoni chimiro chemiti chete, asi chiratidzo chakanyorwa.
Kunyora uku kunoshandura maruva kuita hurongwa hwezviratidzo zvakafanana nemutauro. Daisy, lily, kana maruva akaomarara zvinogona kuverengwa sendima kana chord isina kugadzikana. Nenzira iyi, Mifananidzo yemaruva inorega kuva yekushongedza chete uye inova nzira yekurondedzera. inokwanisa kupfupikisa pfungwa dzakaoma kuita mufananidzo chaiwo.
Mumabasa mazhinji, maruva anoshanda sebhiriji pakati pezvinoonekwa nezvinotaurwa. Kuvapo kwawo kunoita kuti pave nezvikamu zvekududzira: kune rumwe rutivi, chimiro chechisikigo chinoonekwa; kune rumwe rutivi, huremu hwacho hwekufananidzira hunodudzirwa. Hunhu uhwu huviri—hwechisikigo nehwekufananidzira—hunobvumira ruva, kunyangwe riri diki muhukuru, zvine zvazvinoreva zvikuru nezvechiitiko, hunhu, kana manzwiro.
Uyezve, mutauro uyu hauna kunyorwa muchimiro chedombo. Kunyangwe paine hukama hwakapararira, hwakaita seruva nerudo kana ruva nerucheno, Maruva anoramba ari zvinhu zvinochinjika zvakanyanyaZvinochinja zvinoreva zvichienderana nemamiriro etsika, nguva yenhoroondo, kana kunyange chinangwa chaicho chemunyori.
Midzi yenhoroondo yezviratidzo zvemaruva
Zviratidzo zvemaruva zvinobva mutsika dzekare. Mapoka akasiyana akapa zvirimwa zvinoreva ngano, zvitendero, kutenderera kwechisikigo, uye zviitiko zvezuva nezuvaNhoroondo iyoyo inoramba ichichinja maonero atinoita maruva, maruva akanyorwa, kana kuti maruva ari munzvimbo yacho.
Semuenzaniso, mumifananidzo yekuEurope kubva muzana remakore rechi17 kusvika rechi19, maruva asina kusimba akanga asiri kungoratidza hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Vase rakazadzwa nevhu raigona kuratidza kuwanda uye chinzvimbo, nepo ruva rakasvava raireva urombo. kufa, kufamba kwenguva, uye mafaro anongopfuura kwenguva pfupiMuzvitendero, mamwe marudzi airatidzika kunge ane chekuita nevasande, mhandara, kana zviitiko zvemuBhaibheri, zvichiratidza hunhu hwavo hutsvene.
Mune dzimwe tsika dzeunyanzvi, kunyanya kunze kweEurope, maruva anonyanya kusanganiswa ne kutenderera kwemweya, masimba echisikigo, kana pfungwa dzefilosofiDzinogona kuratidza kuvandudzwa, kujekeswa, kuzvarwa patsva mushure mekufa, kana kuwirirana nenharaunda. Saka, rudzi rumwe chete runogona kureva kuchema munyika imwe uye kupemberera mune imwe.
Nhoroondo iyi yakagadzira zvirevo zvakawanda zvinopinda mune zvese nhasi: kubva pamifananidzo yepamusoro yezana remakore rechi19 kusvika kuvhidhiyo yemimhanzi yemuimbi wepop wemazuva ano. Kana musiki akasarudza ruva rakati, kwete rimwe, anovimba naro. mazana emakore ehukama hwakaunganidzwa uhwo veruzhinji, vachiziva kana kuti vasingazive, vanoziva.
Floriography uye makodhi emanzwiro: maruva paanotaura
Muzana remakore rechi19, inonzi floriography, kana kuti mutauro wemaruva, rudzi rwekodhi yemanzwiro inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabhii nemaruva "anotaurwa".
Saka, ruva rinogona kureva rudo rwepamoyo, asi ruva jena rinogona kureva kusava nemhosva kana rudo rwakachena; ruva rinomutswa kuchena uye zvemweyaRuva rakasvava rairatidza kusuruvara, kusuruvara, kana kuziva kuti hupenyu hupfupi. Mitemo iyi yaibvumira vanhu kutaura tsika dzemagariro evanhu dzaiita kuti zviome kutaura zvinonzwika.
Maitiro iwayo haana kumbobvira agadziriswa zvachose, asi akagadzira hurongwa hwakafanana hwekududzira. Paanoona mamwe maruva mumufananidzo, mufananidzo, kana kunyange pakavha yealbum, muoni anodudzira mufananidzo kuburikidza nawo. makodhi emanzwiro pre-expostingRuva rinova nzira pfupi yekupfupisa manzwiro akaomarara.
Nhasi, kunyange zvazvo tisingachatumiri "tsamba dzemaruva" semuzana remakore rechi19, pfungwa yekunyora maruva ichiripo. Vanyori vazhinji vemazuva ano, vese vemifananidzo nevemimhanzi, vanoshandisa tsika iyi ku kurodha mabasa avo nepfungwa dzisiri dzechokwadi pasina chikonzero chekutsanangura zvakajeka mumashoko kana musoro wenyaya..
Ruvara rwemaruva semutakuri wezvinoreva
Kunze kwerudzi rweruva, ruvara ndirwo runokosha pakududzira zviratidzo. Rudzi rumwe chete runogona kushandura zvarinoreva zvakanyanya nekungochinja kwemumvuri. Ruva dzvuku rinowanzo ratidza simba, chishuwo, simba rehupenyushanduro isina kujeka kana yakanyangarika inounza misiyano yekusasimba, daro remanzwiro, kana kuora.
Muunyanzvi hwekufananidzira uye mumafambiro mazhinji akatevera, ruvara rwakarega kungova nyaya yekunaka uye rwakava nzira yekutaura zvinhu zvemweya kana zvepfungwaSemuenzaniso, dzidziso yepfungwa yakati mavara ane simba remweya rinogona kumutsa mamiriro chaiwo emukati, chimwe chinhu chakapesvedzera kupenda nemimhanzi uye hukama hwazvo neruvara.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti maruva anogona kuverengwa semufananidzo wechromatic: musanganiswa wemavara matsvuku, machena, bhuruu, kana eyero zvinovaka rudzi rwe "chord yemanzwiro" iyo muoni anoona kunyangwe asingazive. Mumifananidzo yakawanda yeSymbolist, bhuruu rinotonga rinoratidza nyika dzemweya, kupfuura miganhu, kana mamiriro ekufungisisa kwemukati.
Saizvozvowo, pamakavha emabhuku emazuva ano kana mavhidhiyo emimhanzi, korona yemaruva ine manzwi asina kugadzikana inogona kuratidza kushungurudzika, nepo kuputika kwemavara akazara kuchiratidza simba, kupandukira, kana kupemberera. Pakupedzisira, ruvara, inogadzirisa meseji yakatopihwa nemarudzi emaruva akasarudzwa —sezvazviri mutsika dzakavakirwa pakutengeswa nekupembererwa kwemaruva mumitambo yakaita se Sant Jordi.
Chimiro, chimiro uye kuumbwa kwemaruva
Hazvisi zverudzi rweruva neruvara rwaro chete, asiwo kuti rinoonekwa sei. Maumbirwo akavhurika, akafanana, uye anopenya anowanzobatanidzwa ne kuenzana, pachena, kuratidza manzwiroKusiyana neizvi, maruva akavharwa, akapatsanurwa, kana kuti akavanzwa zvishoma anounza kushushikana, zvakavanzika, kana kuvanzwa.
Mukupenda nekugadzira, kuumbwa kwechinhu chimwe chete chikamu chekodhi. Bouquet yepakati, ine hutongi hwepamusoro inogona kusimbisa pfungwa yekurongeka, kugadzikana, kana simba. Kurongeka kwakapararira, kunenge kusina kurongeka kunoratidza kushaikwa kwesimba, kushaya simba rekutonga, kana kuwanda kwemafutaMaruva anodonha kubva muhari kana kuti anoita seatooma anosimbisa pfungwa yekuva vanitas: zvese zvinopera, hapana chinogara.
Maumbirwo eruva—maruva aro, stamens, minzwa—zvinogona kushandiswa sechiratidzo. Ruva rine minzwa inooneka rinowedzera pfungwa yekuti rudo runorwadza, runako rune njodzi, kana chibayiroRuva rakanyatsojeka rinoratidza kubatana kwakanaka, kunenge kwemasvomhu, pakati pezvisikwa nemweya.
Mumifananidzo yeSymbolist, kufunga nezvemaumbirwo aya kunosanganiswa nekufarira zvemweya nezvepfungwa: chimiro chinoonekwa chinova nzira yechinhu chisingaonekwe. Zvatinoona muruva, kutaura zvazviri, chiratidzo chemukati memufananidzo kana munhu anoratidzwa, sezvakangoita. Chimiro chemimhanzi chinogona kuratidza manzwiro pasina chikonzero chemashoko..
Zviratidzo zvemaruva uye kusiyana kwetsika
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti zviratidzo zvemaruva hazvisi zvepasi rose. Zvinoreva zvinoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva uye mutsika dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti zvisakwanise kuzviratidza zvechokwadi. kuverenga kumwe chete kunoshanda pamifananidzo yeseRuva rinoshandiswa pakupemberera munzvimbo imwe rinogona kunge riine zvarinoreva pamariro kune imwe nzvimbo.
Kusiyana uku kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kufunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu. Vateereri vanofanira kuzvibvunza kuti: Basa iri rakagadzirwa munguva ipi? Rinobva mutsika dzipi? Ndechipi chitendero kana ngano zvinopesvedzera nzanga iyoyo? Nenzira iyi chete munhu anogona kutsanangura nemazvo kuti nei mamwe maruva achiperekedza hunhu, chiitiko chemuchato, kana nguva yerufu nekupfidza.
Semuenzaniso, mamwe maruva ane chekuita nekuroorana muEurope yezana remakore rechi19 anobatanidzwa ne kuchena, vimbiso yeramangwana, uye kuenderera mberi kwemhuriZvisinei, mhando dzakafanana dzinogona kuratidza kuchema kana kuti kuoneka mumitambo iri mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi. Kubatana uku kwezvinoreva zvakafanana kunovandudza kududzirwa kwebasa chero ripi zvaro rine zvinhu zvinoonekwa mumaruva.
Kusiyana uku kwetsika hakuna kuva dambudziko, asi kunoita kuti zviratidzo zvemaruva zvive chishandiso chine simba zvikuru: zvinobvumira vaongorori vemifananidzo kuti vabatane netsika dzemuno, vadzibvunze, kana kuti vadzisanganise netsika dzemazuva ano, sezvinoitwa mumimhanzi yakakurumbira yemazuva ano.
Maruva sebhiriji pakati pezvisikwa nezvinorehwa
Muunyanzvi, maruva anoshanda sebhiriji rakakwana pakati pechokwadi chemuviri nekududzirwa kwezviratidzo. Anoramba aripo—tinoziva maumbirwo awo nemagadzirirwo awo—uku achiramba aine hurukuro ine zvikamu zvakawanda. Kuwirirana uku kunoita kuti Kuvapo kwayo kunoramba kuripo ipapo ipapo, uye panguva imwe chete, kwakaoma kunzwisisa mupfungwa.
Muoni anobva angoona rudzi rwacho, asi pfungwa dzake dzinotanga kushanda: vanoyeuka tsika, kuverenga, nziyo, zviitiko zvemunhu oga zvine chekuita neruva iroro. Saka, mufananidzo wakaita sewakapfava wemaruva unoratidza semunhu anofarira zvinoreva. Mumabasa mazhinji, maruva acho, chaizvoizvo, kiyi inotibvumira kuwana chikamu chemanzwiro kana chemweya kweseti.
Basa iri rekubatanidza rinowedzera kana maruva akabatana nemumwe mutauro une simba wekufananidzira: mimhanzi. Kwese kwaanoonekwa pamwe chete, nyaya yacho inowanda.
Maruva netsika: tsika, mhemberero uye kurangarira pamwe chete
Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mumitambo mikuru yemagariro evanhu, maruva ari kwese kwese. Hazvisi zvekuti "anotaridzika zvakanaka" chete: anoita basa guru se nzira dzemanzwiro, ndangariro, uye tsikaKwemazana emakore, vanga vachiperekedza vanhu munguva dzinokosha dzehupenyu hwavo.
Ruva rega rega rinowanzova nenyaya yaro. Ruva dzvuku, semuenzaniso, rave chiratidzo chepasi rose che rudo nechidoDuva jena rinomiririra kuchena, zvekunamata, kana kutovapo kwaMwari mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechiKristu. Kushamwaridzana uku kwave kuchipararira mumitauro yezuva nezuva nemabhuku, zvichikonzera kutaura kwakadai sekuti "kutaura nemaruva" kana "ruva retariro."
Munguva yemhemberero nemitambo, maruva anenge achisungirwa. Makorona pamisoro, maruva emusoro, maatari akashongedzwa, maruva akapararira sezvo mudungwe uchipfuura… Zvese izvi zvinogadzira mamiriro ekunzwa umo Ruvara nezvinonhuwira zvinosimbisa hunhu hunokosha hwenguva iyoyokungava muchato, mhemberero yechitendero, kana ruremekedzo rweveruzhinji. Semuenzaniso, muSpain, zvakajairika chipiriso chemaruva sechiratidzo chekuzvipira pamwe chete uye kurangarira.
Zvinobatanidzwawo zvakanyanya nekuchema nekurangarira. Mutsika dzemariro munyika dzakawanda, kuunza maruva kuguva kana kuaisa padombo rakavezwa sechiratidzo che ruremekedzo, ndangariro, uye chisungo chinoramba chiripo kunyangwe mushure mekufaSaka, maruva anogovana mufaro pamwe chete nekusuwa pamwe chete.
Maruva muunyanzvi: kubva kuhupenyu hwekare husina kusimba kusvika kuchiratidzo
Mumifananidzo, maruva ave ari manyuko asingaperi ekukurudzira. Kubva pahupenyu hwakadzikama hwenyanzvi dzeDutch kusvika pakuputika kwaVan Gogh, vagadziri vemifananidzo vakashandisa mifananidzo yemaruva kuti kutora runako rwenguva pfupi uye kuongorora simba rayo rekufananidzira.
Mumabhuku, kuvapo kwemaruva kwakasimba zvakaenzana. Vanyori venhetembo vakaita saShakespeare, Shelley, naNeruda vakashandisa maruva semadimikira kutaura nezvenyaya dzepasi rose: rudo runotumbuka, rufu runokohwa, zvakasikwa zvinoberekwa patsva muchirimo chega chega. Nenzira iyi, botanical inova chishandiso chekufunga uye kunzwa zvinhu zvakadzama zvehupenyu hwevanhu —chimwe chinhu chinopembererwa gore rega rega muzvirongwa zvakaita se International nhetembo zuva.
Muunyanzvi hwekushongedza nekuvaka, mifananidzo yemaruva yakasiya chiratidzo chayo pamachira, makapeti, misoro mikuru yekoramu, uye zvishongo zvekushongedza. Kazhinji, magadzirirwo aya haasi ekushongedza chete: anosanganisira zviratidzo zvekubereka, dziviriro, kana kugarisana nenyika. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, mafambiro akadai seArt Nouveau akaunza kuravira uku kwezvisikwa. mutauro unoonekwa une nhema wakazara nezvirevo zvekufananidzira.
Mukati meiyi nzvimbo, kufamba kwezviratidzo zvemuzana remakore rechi19 kune nzvimbo yakakosha, nekuti kwakaita kuti chiratidzo—kusanganisira maruva—chishandiso chikuru chekuratidza mamiriro emukati, zviroto, uye mabasa emweya.
Chii chaive chiratidzo: hunyanzvi hunopesana nepfungwa dzechokwadi dzisina kutonhora
Kufananidzira kwakabuda muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, kunyanya muFrance, senzira yekupikisa mafambiro aitsigira kumiririrwa kwakatendeka kwenyika inoonekwa: realism, naturalism, uye impressionism. Vatsigiri vayo vaitenda kuti Unyanzvi hwakanga hwarasikirwa nehukuru nekungotevedzera chokwadi chepfungwa.
Muna 1886, munyori Jean Moréas akaburitsa gwaro rakakurumbira raakatsanangura maitiro matsva aya se "muvengi wedzidziso, kutaura pachena, manzwiro enhema, uye tsananguro isina kukanganiswa." Vakatarisana nekufambira mberi kwenharaunda yemaindasitiri, Symbolism yakakurudzira hunyanzvi hwezvakavanzika, hwezviroto, hwekukurudzira, mugari wenhaka, muchikamu, yemhepo ine rima yebhuku raBaudelaire rinonzi "The Flowers of Evil".
Vanyori vemifananidzo yeSymbolist, vaneta nepfungwa dzechokwadi zvakanyanya, vakatsvaga nzira yekutiza vachipinda muzvinhu zvakaita sezviroto, zvekuona zvinhu, uye zvemweya. Vakawana kurudziro kubva murudo rwaWilliam Blake, maNazarene, maPre-Raphaelites, uye kunyange mamiriro ekuziva akachinja. Ndosaka zvakaoma kuvaisa mumapoka. chimiro chimwe chete chakavharwa chepamutemoMumwe nemumwe akaenda nenzira yake, asi vaive nemafungiro akafanana.
Chakafanana pakati pavo vazhinji vavo kwaiva kuramba dzidziso dzechisikigo uye kuzvipira kune hunyanzvi hwemweya hunenge hwagara huripo, umo kufungidzira nepfungwa dzemunhu zvaikosha kupfuura kusasarura kwesainzi kwemamwe mafambiro emazuva ano. Chishandiso chavo chikuru chaive chiratidzo, chinokwanisa kupa chimiro chinooneka kumanzwiro, mafungiro, uye pfungwa dzepedyo.
Nheyo dzekufananidzira: ruvara, chimiro, uye nyika yemukati
Mumifananidzo, zviratidzo zvakaguma nemabasa airatidza pfungwa dzakawanda nemamiriro emukati kupfuura zviitiko zvechokwadi. Vapendi vazhinji vairatidza zviratidzo vaida matamba makuru ane ruvara rusina kugadziriswa uye maumbirwo akati sandara, zvakasiyana zvikuru neruzivo rwechinyakare rwedzidzo.
Kwavari, hupenyu hwemukati hwaikosha kupfuura chokwadi chekunze. Mimhanzi yezviratidzo inowanzo kuve yakagadzirwa nechimiro nemanzwiro, uko chiitiko chinoonekwa chinoshanda semufananidzo wekupesana kwepfungwa, zvishuwo zvakadzvinyirirwa, zviratidzo zvemweya, kana zviroto zvemunhu. Simba rekutanga rekuongorora kwepfungwa harisi netsaona: vaimbi ava vaida kuratidza vasingazive, vasingaonekwi, vakadzvinyirirwa.
Kufarira zviratidzo zvemweya zvakabatana nemafungu emweya, epfungwa, uye epfungwa. Kwaiva nekufarira zvemashiripiti, zvinotyisa uye zvakashata, nekumiririrwa kwemweya inotambudzwa, miviri isina kujeka, zviratidzo zveapocalypse, uye paradhiso dzekugadzira. Zvese izvi zvaive zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva muzviitiko zvezuva nezuva zvaive zvakwezva chokwadi.
Chimiro chemukadzi chakaita basa rakakosha. Mabasa mazhinji anoratidza vakadzi se mukadzi fatale, mhandara isinganzwisisike, kana kuti munhu ane chimiro chakasiyana-siyana, ine nyaya dzerudo nenjodzi, kana kuti ine kuchena kwepedyo uye kuri kure. Manzwiro, mamiriro ekunze, uye zviratidzo zvinotonga nyaya dzakatevedzana.
Theosophy, mysticism uye nzira yekufunga nezvepfungwa
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufadza nezvezviratidzo ndechekupesvedzera kwazvinoita pakubuda kwekufungidzira kwemazuva ano. Nekusiya pfungwa yekuti hunyanzvi hunofanira kubereka nyika sezvinoonekwa nepfungwa, varatidziri vezviratidzo vakavhura mukana wekuti mabasa anopa pfungwa dzakachena, mamiriro ekuziva, kana maumbirwo emweya pasina chikonzero chemifananidzo inozivikanwa.
Semuenzaniso, dzidziso yechitendero yakaratidza chiono chepasi rose umo mavara, maumbirwo, uye mimhanzi zvine hunhu hwemweya hunokwanisa kusimudzira masimba akavanzika. Zvichienderana nepfungwa idzi, ruvara rune kudedera kunogona kumutsa mweya wemukati wemunhu anofungisisa basa rachoPfungwa iyi yakafadza vaimbi vakawanda vepanguva iyoyo.
Vanhu vakakosha vanosanganisira Wassily Kandinsky naFrantišek Kupka, vanhu vanochinja-chinja pakati pezviratidzo nezviratidzo. Vose vakagadzira mutauro wemifananidzo umo ruvara nechimiro zvinorega kuva tsananguro yenyika yekunze uye zvinova zvinoonekwa zvakafanana nemimhanzi, manzwiro, kana mamiriro emashiripitiMune mamwe mabasa ake, mifananidzo inozivikanwa ichiri kuoneka—yakadai semukadzi ari kutanha maruva—asi iri kuchinjika zvishoma nezvishoma kuita sezvinhu zvisingaonekwe.
Saka, zviratidzo zvaisangova kungoda runako rwemuzana remakore rechi19, asi danho guru rekuenda kuunyanzvi hwaisazofanira kumiririra zvinhu chaizvo, asi hwaigona kutaura, zvakananga, mutauro wemweya kuburikidza nemavara nezvivakwa zvepamutemo.
Mabasa makuru nevanyori vemifananidzo
Kufananidzira zviratidzo kwaive chiitiko chakaoma chepasi rose, kunyanya chakasimba muFrance, Belgium, neGreat Britain, kunyangwe paine mhedzisiro munzvimbo dzakawanda. Pakati pemazita akakurumbira atinogona kutaura Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, Paul Gauguin, Jean Delville, Fernand Khnopff, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Burne-Jones naGeorge Frederic Watts, pakati pevamwe.
Semuenzaniso, Jean Delville, mubhuku rake guru rinonzi "The God-Man" (1900), anosiyanisa uranda hwenyama nechiono chemweya inokwira ichienda kuna Mwari, ine bhuruu sechiratidzo chemweya. Mufananidzo waKristu unokwira pamusoro pemiviri iri kurwira kubatana nemweya mutsvene, uchinyora chiitiko chakazara nepfungwa dzemashiripiti uye chishuvo chepfungwa dzepasi rose.
Gustave Moreau, iye pachake, akagadzira mabasa akadai se "Jupiter naSemele" na "Orpheus" umo ngano dzekare dzakazara nepfungwa dzinokosha pamusoro perufu, chishuwo, uye kumuka. Mu "Jupiter naSemele," mudiwa wenyama anodyiwa nechiedza chamwari, zvichifananidzira kusanganiswa pakati pemunhu nemwari, rudo rwakatorwa kusvika pakuparadzwaMu "Orpheus", musoro wemunyori wenhetembo wakarara pambira yake mumaoko emukadzi wechidiki, mumhepo ine kusviba uye yakaita seyehope, uko mimhanzi nerufu zvinobatana.
Odilon Redon, nemabasa akaita se "The Weeping Spider," akaongorora zvisikwa zvisinganzwisisike nemamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa kuti ape chimiro kumadhimoni ake emukati. Iye pachake akataura kuti aida "kuisa zvinoonekwa pakushandira zvisingaonekwe," achideredza kutya, zviroto uye kufunga zvakanyanya muzviverengero zvinovhiringidza.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzakadai seCanary Islands, vaimbi vakaita saNéstor Martín Fernández vakagadzira rudzi rwavo rwezviratidzo, sezvakanyorwa mu "Nhetembo yeGungwa" (1924), uko miviri yevechidiki neyevanhukadzi inosangana negungwa rakapfuma zvikuru, pakati pechokwadi nengano, zvichigadzira nhetembo dzinoonekwa dzemunhu oga.
Mimhanzi, zviratidzo uye rudo: Nziyo dzaBach dzemimhanzi
Kufananidzira zvinhu kwaisangogumira pakupenda kana mumabhuku chete. Kare kare zviratidzo zvisati zvataurwa senzira yeunyanzvi, vaimbi vemaBaroque vakaita saJohann Sebastian Bach vaiishandisa. vanhu vemimhanzi vakazadzwa nepfungwa nepfungwaMimhanzi yake izere nepfungwa dzekutaura dzinogona kuverengwa semutauro wekufananidzira wakafanana nerugwaro.
Pakati pemifananidzo iyi pane inonzi tsoka yedactylic (tan, ta-ta-tan, ta-ta-tan), iyo mune mamwe mabasa aBach inobatanidzwa nemufaro, sezvakaita muBrandenburg Concerto Nhamba 3. Mamwe mafomura, akadai sepassus duriusculus, anoshanda se zvikonzero zvekusuruvara kana kurwadziwa kwakanyanyakunyanya muzvikamu zvine chekuita nekutambudzika kwaKristu.
Hypotyposis—mumhanzi unoratidza chiito—unoshandiswa kuratidza matanho akaoma kana kutambura kwemuviri, semuenzaniso mu "Crucifixus" yeMisa muB minor kana muThree-Voice Invention muF minor, uko mufananidzo we suspiratio, wakabatana nekugomera kana kuora mwoyo, unoonekwawo. Bach anogara achitamba ne zvinopesana zvinonzwika pakati pemufaro nerugare, hasha neunyoro, kusimbisa zviri muchinyorwa.
MuSt. Matthew Passion, nzvimbo yekutengeswa kwaPeter inowanzotsanangurwa seimwe yepiyano dzinobaya mwoyo zvikuru—kuchema—munhoroondo yemimhanzi, yakaramba ichienderera mberi gare gare mu "Erbarme dich," apo violin nenzwi zvinomutsa kuchema kwerutivi rwaPeter rusina dziviriro. Mukupindura, makorasi ane hasha anodanidzira kutuka sekorasi yechiGiriki, pasi richidedera pasi penheyo dzaro, zvichigadzira musiyano wakakomba werudo rwemimhanzi.
Zvinofadza kuti, chiratidzo che3/4 time, chatinowanzo batanidza newaltz, chinowanzo batanidzwa muna Bach nemufaro wakakwidziridzwa, sezviri mu "Jesus, Joy of Mankind" (Jesus bleibet meine Freude) kubva kuCantata 147, uko kufamba kusingaperi kwemanotsi kunomiririra mufaro iwoyo wemweya usingaperiZvese izvi zvinoratidza kuti, semaruva ari mumufananidzo, vanhu vemimhanzi vanogona kushanda sezviratidzo chaizvo zvemanzwiro nepfungwa dzechitendero.
Maruva, zviratidzo nemimhanzi mutsika dzakakurumbira: nyika yaLana Del Rey
Mumimhanzi yemazuva ano, pamwe vashoma vevaimbi vakashandisa zviratidzo zvemaruva sezvakaita Lana Del Rey. Kubva pakavha yeEP yake inonzi "Paradise" yakapararira kusvika kumaruva akavhurika ari mumifananidzo ye "Norman F***ing Rockwell!", maalbum ake azere ne mifananidzo yemaruva yakasarudzwa nokungwarira kusimbisa nyaya yenziyo dzake.
Zvinhu zvakasikwa naLana zvinosanganisa mifananidzo yekare, kushungurudzika, kutaura nezvetsika dzekuAmerica, uye runako rwemafirimu. Mukati mezvose, maruva anoonekwa kakawanda: mumaruva emaruva, mumashoko anotaura nezvemaruva emaruva nemaruva emhando yedaisy, mumifananidzo yerudo rwakakuvara, kusava nemhosva kwakarasika, kana kutanga kutsva. Hapana chimwe cheizvi chinoitika netsaona.
Ruva pamwe ndiro chiratidzo chemaruva chinowanzo wanikwa kakawanda mubasa rake. rudo nerunakoMunyika yaLana Del Rey, ruva rakazarawo netsika dzakasiyana-siyana. MuRoma yekare, ruva raimiririra kuvanzika uye kuvanzika—ndosaka shoko rekuti "sub rosa"—chimwe chinhu chakakodzera muimbi anokudziridza mufananidzo wechakavanzika. Mumifananidzo yechiKristu, ruva rinogona kumiririra rudo rwaamai nechibayiro, zvakabatana neMhandara Maria.
Nekuburitsa manzwi aya ese, maruva aLana haasi ekushongedza rudo chete. Anoshanda se zviratidzo zvakaoma zvinochinja-chinja pakati pehunhu hwechikadzi, chibayiro, rudo rwepabonde, uye kuvanzikaNekuonekwa pamakavha earubhamu, mavhidhiyo emimhanzi uye mashoko enziyo, zvinoshanda senzira imwechete yehunhu hweunyanzvi hunorwisana nekushaya simba nemifananidzo yakakurumbira.
Rimwe ruva rinowanzoonekwa mubasa rake idaisy, iro rinoonekwa, semuenzaniso, murwiyo runonzi "Video Games." Mutsika dzakawanda, daisy inomiririra kusava nemhosva, kuchena, uye kutanga kutsvaMumamiriro ezvinhu aLana, ruva iroro rinotaurirana nemufananidzo wemukadzi anogadzirira, anobvisa mbatya, oenda pakati peguta ozvizora mafuta anonhuhwirira, akabatwa pakati pekusaziva uye kuzvipira mupfungwa.
Chimiro chemuimbi uyu chakapfava, chisina runako rweruva, chinosimbisa musanganiswa wehupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye rudo rwekusuruvara rwunowanikwa munziyo dzake dzakawanda. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa sechiratidzo cherwendo rwemuimbi pachake: kubva pakusazivikanwa kusvika pakuva chiyero chepasi rose, asi nguva dzose ichiramba iine aura yekusasimba.
Mu "Lust for Life" tinowana imwezve maruva akakosha: kutaurwa kwemaruva eorenji, akabatana zvakanyanya nevakaroorana vemuzana remakore rechi19. Kushongedzwa kwemuchato uku kunokurudzira Rudo rwechinyakare, kuchena uye vimbiso yekubatanaNekuvaisa mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano, Lana Del Rey anotamba nepfungwa yekusuwa nguva yakarongwa uye, panguva imwe chete, nekuziva kuti zviroto izvozvo zverudo zvakazara nemumvuri.
Maruva, muzvinhu zvavo zvinoonekwa uye zvinonzwika, zvishandiso zvemumhepo: anobatsira kuvaka pfungwa yekusuruvara kwakanaka, yerunako rwava kuda kupera, yeparadhiso yekugadzira uye ndangariro inorwadza. Kuongorora zvinhu izvi zvekufananidzira kunoita kuti Kuteerera maalbum avo chiitiko chakapfuma zvikuru kupfuura zvinoita pakutanga.
Maruva, zviratidzo nemanzwiro: chinhu chakafanana pakati pehunyanzvi
Kana tikabatanidza zvese—mutauro wemaruva muunyanzvi, maruva emuzana remakore rechi19, zviratidzo zvemifananidzo, mimhanzi yaBach, uye mifananidzo yemaruva mumimhanzi yepop—tinoona maitiro akajeka: Vanhu vanga vachishandisa zviratidzo zvepfungwa kwemazana emakore kuti vataure zvisingagone kutaurwa zvakananga..
Maruva, nehupenyu hwawo hunokurumidza uye runako rwakasimba asi runopfuura, anonyatsotaura nezverudo, rufu, chishuwo, kuberekwa patsva, kusava nemhosva, kana kuora. Mimhanzi, ine kugona kwayo kushandisa nguva, mutinhimira, uye simba, inova mubatsiri wakakwana wekusimbisa dingindira iri pasina chikonzero chekutsanangura. Kana mitauro iyi miviri ikabatana, mhedzisiro yacho inova rondedzero yekufananidzira ine simba zvikuru, inokwanisa kutikurudzira padanho remanzwiro, tsika nemweya panguva imwe chete.
Kunzwisisa zviratidzo zviri kuseri kweruva mumufananidzo, mufananidzo wemaruva uri pakavha yealbum, kana mufananidzo une mutinhimira unoratidza kuchema mu cantata kunotibvumira kunakidzwa nemabasa acho zvakanyanya. Uye, zvinotiyeuchidza kuti, pasi pezuva nezuva, tinoramba tichifamba munyika yakazara nezviratidzo, madimikira, nezviratidzo zvinobatanidza zvinoonekwa nezvisingaonekwe, zvemunhu neboka, uye zvenguva pfupi neicho, kunyangwe zvichichinja chimiro, zvinoita sekunge anoda kugara.
