Ndinokukoka kuti usangane nevakawanda ngano dzeEgipita, uko tsika yeEgypt inomira pachena, nzanga yakaumbwa munguva dzekare uye nhasi ine ruzivo rwakawanda rwakasiiwa kuvanhu. Nzanga yevaIjipita inotanga munguva yeNeolithic uye nekufamba kwemakore yakave nengano dzakawanda uye ngano dzakaishandura kuita tsika yengano iyo vanhu vazhinji vane shungu nazvo.Ramba uchiverenga uye udzidze zvakawanda nezve ngano dzeEgipita!
ngano dzeEgipita
Kubudirira kweEgypt ndeimwe yetsika dzisiri dzeEurope dzakamutsa zvinoshamisa uye zvinofarirwa muhuwandu hwepasirese nekuda kwengano dzeEgypt, sezvo yanga iri budiriro yenyika yekare ine ngano huru dzengano dzakatsungirira kuburikidza nenguva.
Ndicho chikonzero nei ngano dzeEgypt, nekufamba kwenguva, dzakashandurwa kuita seti yezvitendero zvakawana kukosha kukuru uye kukwezva mukati menzvimbo dzakapoteredza Gungwa reMediterranean nedzimwe nyika. Kuva Egipita nyika yavanafarao navamumi yakanga ine umambo hukuru, inofarikanya ngano zhinji dzeEgipita idzo dzakaedza kupa tsananguro nechiono chenyika.
Ndicho chikonzero munyaya yacho yose tichakuudza nhema dzeEgipita dzinoedza kutsanangura chiono chenyika maererano nevaEgipita. Kuongorora zvishoma nezve tsika iyo vaIjipita vakavakira pairi kuti vavake humambo hune simba munyika yekare.
Ngano Yekusikwa Kwenyika
Imwe yengano dzeEgyptian dzakabatana zvikuru ndeyekusikwa kwenyika, zvinonzi pakutanga kwaingova nemhomho mikuru yemvura yakasviba yakavharwa zvachose nerima rerima. Asi rima iri harina kuita seusiku, sezvo rakanga risati rasikwa. Chese chaive gungwa risingaperi raizivikanwa nevaIjipita segungwa rekutanga Nuni.
Iri gungwa risingaperi mukati maro maive nemativi ese echadenga. Asi sezvo zvose zviri pamwe chete pasi nedenga zvakanga zvisati zvavepo. Nenzira imwe cheteyo kwakanga kusina vamwari kana vanhu. Kwakanga kusina hupenyu kana rufu, mweya wenyika wakapararira uye uchidzungaira munyonganyonga huru.
Kutozosvikira pane imwe nguva mudzimu wenyika wakazvidana umene kuva uchiziva uye nenzira iyi Mwari wokutanga weEgipita akaberekwa, anozivikanwa saMwari Ra. Apo Mwari Ra akanzwa ari oga munyika, akasarudza kusika Shu, Mwari wemhepo, kubva mukufema kwake.
Mushure memate ake akafunga kugadzira Tefnut anozova mwarikadzi anomiririra unyoro uye akaraira kuti vagare munyanza yakanyanyisa yenyanza Nun. Ipapo Jehovha Mwari akaita kuti nzvimbo huru yakaoma ibudise kubva mugungwa kuti igare panzvimbo iyo, Mwari Ra akaitumidza kuti Nyika.
Nyika iya yakaitwa naMwari Ra yakabuda yainzi Egipita uye sezvayakabuda mumvura dzegungwa rekare, Nuni akararama nekuda kwemvura. Nenzira iyi, Mwari Ra akasarudza kuti mvura idzodzo dzakanga dziri panyika, ndiko kuberekwa kwakaita Rwizi rwaNire rukuru.
Nenzira iyi Mwari Ra akanga achisika zvinhu zvizhinji pakati pezvikuru zvakanga zviri zvinomera uye zvisikwa zvipenyu zvose zvaakasika zvichibva kuNuni nenzira iyi Mwari Ra akanga achizadza kusava nechinhu kwakanga kuri paNyika. Zvose izvi pazvaiitika, Shu naTefnut ndivo vakabereka vanakomana vaviri vainzi Geb, uyo aizova Mwari wePasi, uye Nut, uyo aizova Mwarikadzi weDenga.
Mushure mekukura Geb naNut vakaroorana, nenzira iyi denga rakarara panyika richibatana naye Mwari wenyika. Shu ainzwa godo nechiitiko ichi akafunga kuvatuka ndokuvaparadzanisa nekubatira denga mumusoro nemumapfudzi, uku achibata pasi tsoka.
Pane imwe shanduro yengano dzeEgipita apo Geb naNut, vachigara vari pamwe chete, pakanga pasina nzvimbo yokuti Mwari Ra arambe achiita zvisikwa zvake, ndicho chikonzero akakumbira Shu kuti aparadzanise vana vake. Nenzira iyi Shu anotsigira Nut pamusoro wake nemapfudzi. Kubva panguva iyoyo mhepo inorara pakati pedenga neNyika. Asi aisagona kubvumira Nut kuti ave nevanasikana vakanga vari nyeredzi, nokudaro vachipa denga redenga.
Iye Mwari Ra akanga asingazive zvaiitika kuna Geb naNut, saka akatumira rimwe ziso rake kunotsvaga Shu naTefnut kuti vamuudze zvaiitika. Asi ziso iroro harina kumbowana zvaraitsvaga. Ndokusaka akasarudza kudzokera kunotsvaka Mwari Ra.
Ziso iri parakadzokera kuna Mwari Ra, akaziva kuti rimwe ziso rakanga raberekwa uye iri rakatora nzvimbo yaro. Ziso iri rakava neshungu kwazvo ndokutanga kuchema. Zuva rakasikwa saizvozvo kusvikira Jehovha Mwari Ra ariisa pahuma yake, kubva pamisodzi yaiyerera neziso, yakawira panyika;
Mangwanani ega ega Mwari Amun Ra aifamba denga akatasva chikepe chaifamba pamusoro peGoddess Nut. Sezvo akafukidza matenga achiiparadzanisa mumvura yenzvimbo uye mvura yegomba rakadzika-dzika. Igwa iro Mwari Amun Ra akafamba naro mudenga achizvitakura akananga kuzuva akavhenekera nzvimbo yese munguva yemaawa gumi nemaviri akanga aitwa nemaEgipita.
Usiku Mwarikadzi Nut akamedza zuva, asi raizoberekwazve mangwanani nenzira iyi Mwari Ra akapfuurira nzira yake kuburikidza neDuat, iyo yakaenzana negehena yeEgipita. Apo Mwari Ra aifanira kuyambuka nemasuo gumi nemaviri, rimwe paawa imwe neimwe yeusiku, mikova iyi imwe neimwe yairindwa nenyoka yakanga iri muvengi waMwari Ra, uyo ainzi Apep kana Apophis mumutauro wechiGiriki.
Chinangwa chenyoka chaive chekumisa zuva uye kurongeka kwemuchadenga kana ikayambuka Duat, asi zuva raigara richimedza Nut uye mangwanani aitevera achagara achizvarwa patsva uye nenzira iyi Mwari Amun Ra akafamba mumatenga. kwemamwe maawa gumi nemaviri achipa saizvozvo pakuzvarwa kwezuva idzva.
Ngano yeSinuhe
Ndiyo imwe yengano dzeEgypt inowanikwa yakanyorwa mumbiri dzeBerlin papyri sezvo ine zvimedu zvinoverengeka zvenyaya, iyo yakawanikwa uye yakapedzwa neEgyptologist François Chabás mugore ra 1863. Kunyange zvazvo zvikamu zvakawanda zveizvi zvakawanikwa muEgipita. ngano mune mamwe mapapyri uye mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvaenga ari mateko.
Kuve imwe yedzakatanhamara ngano dzeIjipita kubvira ngano inotaura kuti Sinuhé aive mubati wehomwe wamambo weLower Egypt. Akanga ariwo shamwari huru uye mutongi ane muenzaniso wakanaka wenyika dzamambo uye muzivikanwi wechokwadi wamambo. Izvo Sinuhe akauya kuzotaura mutsara uyu:
“Ndiri mufambidzani anotevera tenzi wake. Muranda mumuzinda wamambo wemugari wenhaka anoremekedzwa wenyasha huru mudzimai wamambo Senusret muJenemsut; Mwanasikana waMambo Amenemhat, Neferu, anoremekedzwa zvikuru."
Nyaya yacho inorondedzerwa mumunhu wekutanga apo ruvara rwemamiriro ezvinhu uye tsanangudzo dzenzvimbo dzose, tsika uye vanhu veEgypt panguva iyoyo zvinoratidzwa.
Ndokusaka protagonist Sinuhé achizotaura zvakaitika kwaari, kana kupinda mukurangana kunoitika mukati memuzinda kana imwe yekunze yengano yeEgipita. Sezvo Sinuhé anotumirwa kuzivisa mwanakomana wamambo akaurayiwa, anonzi Sesostris, uyo akanga ari kurwisana nevaRibhiya, nezvenhau.
Asi nhume dzinotanga kusvika kumwanakomana wamambo. Nepo Sinuhé anovanza kuti ateerere izvo nhume inotaura kumwanakomana wamambo. Anoziva kuti mambo akapondwa nemirayiro yakapiwa nemwanakomana wamambo, kuti atore chigaro choumambo.
Sinuhé, achitya zvikuru nezvaaiziva, anosiya achitya, sezvo akatenda kuti nokuda kwokusawana rangano yaaizorangwa, anosarudza kutiza kubva kuEgipita ndokutora mugwagwa unoenda kuRetenu, iye zvino Siria.
Mushure memazuva mazhinji achifamba ane nzara nenyota, akawanikwa uye akakombwa nevaBedouin, avo vakamupa rubatsiro, pekugara uye chikafu. Mambo wevaBedouin uyo aizivikanwa saAmanuense, akazvipira kugara pashure pokunge Sinuhé atsanangura zvose zvakaitika kwaari.
Mambo akamupa ruoko rwomwanasikana wake, uyo Sinuhé akaroora uye akava nevana vaviri. Pamusoro peizvi, yakanga ine mawedzero akati wandei enyika. Nezvo Sinuhe akawana mukurumbira nemukurumbira. Akaonekwawo semurwi mukuru sezvo mumwe wevakuru vemauto aMambo Amunenshi akamupikisa kuti aende kunokwikwidza uye akakunda nekuda kwekushinga kwake.
Asi nguva yakanga ichipfuura uye Sinuhé akasuruvara sezvaaishuva Egipita yaakaberekerwa. Manheru oga oga Sinuhe ainyengetera kuti akwanise kudzokera kunyika yake sezvo akanga akwegura uye aida kufira ikoko. Ndiri muIjipita mambo aive Sesostris I, mwanakomana mukuru waFarao akapondwa. Asi akanga azviwana ava kurwa nevakoma vake kuti achengetedze simba.
Apo Farao mutsva akagara pachigaro choumambo, akaudzwa nezvemamiriro ezvinhu akanga ana Sinuhé, uyo akanga ari murume aivimbwa zvikuru namambo akaurawa. Farao mutsva akamushevedza kuti amuudze kuti aigona kudzoka nokuti aizivikanwa kuti akanga asina mhosva.
Sinuhé, achifara zvikuru, akasarudza kugoverana waini yake navanhu ndokudzokera kuEgipita kundogamuchirwa naFarao mutsva. Farao akagamuchira Sinuhé achifara zvikuru uye akamuita chipangamazano wake, akamupa imba yakanaka kwazvo yokuti agare nemhuri yake. Nenzira imwecheteyo, akamupa chinzvimbo muboka renhengo dzemhuri yehumambo.
Nhoroondo yeSinuhe ndeimwe yengano dzeEgypt apo tinoudzwa pamusoro pezvinogona kuitika kana pane kutya kwekutonga uye kusava nechokwadi uye chido chekudzokera kunyika yake, kunyange zvazvo Sinuhé akakwanisa kushanda kwenguva yakareba naFarao mutsva uye. akazadzisa chishuvo chake chekufira munyika yake yekuzvarwa nembiri nerukudzo.
Ngano yaIsis nezvinyavada zvinomwe
Kuve imwe yengano dzeEgypt dzakaonekwa dzakanyorwa paMetternich Stela, patafura yakawanikwa mugore ra1828 muAlexandria. Parizvino tafura iyi iri muMetropolitan Museum yeNew York.
Kuve imwe yengano dzeIjipita uko ukoshi hwekunzwa, tsitsi, rukudzo nekutenda zvinorondedzerwa, izvo zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogara zviripo mungano dzese dzeEgipita, ingano yaIsis nezvinyavada zvinomwe.
Mungano yeEgipita iyi zvinonzi Mwari Seti mukoma waMwari Osiris aimuitira shanje zvikuru sezvo Mwari Osiris akaroora vamwarikadzi Isis avo vaiva mutongi weEgipita. Mwarikadzi Isis akava nemwanakomana namwari Osiris ainzi Horus. Asi sezvo Mwari Seti aivenga Mwari Osiris zvakanyanya, aida kugumisa mufaro wake.
Nokuda kwaizvozvi akasarudza kuronga kupatsanura mhuri iyi. Kunyange zvazvo vamwarikadzi Isis nomwanakomana wavo Horus vakavanda, vakawanwa naMwari Seti akavabata ndokuvaisa mutorongo.
Mwari weEgipita weUchenjeri uye Ruramisiro Toth akaita chisarudzo chakasimba chekubatsira Mwari Isis nemwanakomana wake uye akatuma zvinyavada zvinomwe zvemashiripiti zvaiva nemazita aTefen, Befen, Mestat, Matet, Petet, Mestefef naTetet. Mhuka dzemashiripiti idzi dzaiva nechinangwa chikuru chekudzidzivirira pane zvakaipa.
Mwarikadzi Isis nemwanakomana wake vakakwanisa kutiza kubva pavakanga vakavharirwa ndokutiza pamwe chete nezvinyavada zvinomwe zvemashiripiti. Kunyange zvazvo vaifanira kufamba rwendo rurefu kuti vasvike kuguta rePer-sui. Ikoko vakamhanyira mumwe mukadzi ainzi Usert.
Achiona mukadzi uyu muimba yake huru, Mwarikadzi Isis akaenda kunomukumbira rubatsiro. Asi mukadzi achiona zvinyavada zvinomwe. Akaudza mwarikadzi Isis kuti aisagona kumubatsira uye akaramba kupinda kwake mumba make. Sezvo mukadzi uyu aitya zvinyavada zvinomwe.
Mushure mechiitiko ichocho, mwarikadzi Isis pamwe nemwanakomana wake Horus vaifanira kuramba vachifamba, kusvikira pakupedzisira vakawana mukadzi murombo zvikuru, uyo akavapa pokugara uye zvokudya mumba make pasinei nokuti vakatakura zvinyavada zvinomwe zvemashiripiti. Mwarikadzi pamwe chete nomwanakomana wake vakagamuchira betsero huru iyoyo kubva kumukadzi murombo uye kuva akachengeteka.
Zvinyavada zvakasarudza kutsiva zvakaitwa naMai Usert, izvo zvaiva kuramba Mwarikadzi Isis nemwanakomana wake kupinda mumba make. Nokudaro, panguva yeusiku, zvinyavada zvemashiripiti zvakabatanidza chepfu yose mumuswe wemashiripiti anonzi Tefen. Izvi zvakanyahwaira zvichipinda mumba memudzimai weshoroma ndokuruma mwanakomana wavo.
Izvi zvakaita kuti mwana wake amuyamwise afa nekuda kwehuturu hwaaive nahwo mumuviri wake,zvimwechetewo mhungu yakakuchidzira moto mukuru mumba maMai Urset.
Mai Usert zvakavanetsa nezvavakasangana nazvo zvekuti vakatozobuda kuti vabatsirwe kuti mwana wavo asafe nekurumwa nechikurubhi. Zvakaitika zvekuti mai Usert vakateterera kuti vabatsire mwana wavo zvekuti izvi zvakasvika munzeve dzamwarikadzi Isis aona kuti mwana aive asina mhosva pane zvakaitwa namai vake akabva ati huturu hubude pamuviri wemwana. rubatsiro rwemashiripiti ake. Akarairawo kuti gomba rizaruke mudenga uye mvura idonhe paimba kuti moto udzime.
Mwanakomana waMai Usert akabva angopora kubva pane zvaaiva nazvo, mukadzi uyo akaonga zvikuru uye akazvidemba nokuda kwezvaakanga aita kare akamupa pfuma yose kune mukadzi murombo akanga abatsira mwarikadzi Isis nemwanakomana wake Horus.
Hondo Yakarasika yeCambyses II
Hondo yakarasika yeCambyses II ndeimwe yengano dzeEgypt dzakakonzera kusawirirana pakati pevanhu, sezvo uto revarwi zviuru makumi mashanu ringanyangarika sei mugwenga reSahara vasina kusiya. Zvinonzi ngano iyi yeEgipita yakaitika mugore ra50 BC apo Mambo wePezhiya Cambyses II aiva nechinangwa chokukura umambo hwake uye aiva nechinangwa chokupinda nechisimba muguta reThebes, iro iye zvino riri guta reLuxor, kuEgypt. Nechinangwa chakasimba chekupeta Oracle yaMwari Ra.
Iyo Oracle yaive muSiwa Oasis, nekuda kweiyi danidziro huru Mambo Cambyses II akaita sarudzo yekufambisa mauto zviuru makumi mashanu asi nyaya inoti Desert rakavamedza.
Nyaya yacho inotanga apo Mambo Cambyses II wePezhiya aida kukunda Egipita. Asi Oracle yaSiwa yakanga yatofanotaura kuti kana munhu akaedza kukunda nharaunda yeEgypt aizorangwa. Mambo wePezhiya akasarudza kutungamirira varwi vake zviuru makumi mashanu mugwenga reSahara. Kuti akunde uye aparadze Oracle yeSiwa.
Asi uto racho harina kumbosvika kuEgipita, sezvo rakanyangarika pavakanga vachiyambuka gwenga reSahara. Kunyangwe paine imwe vhezheni yakataurwa nerenje djinns kuti varwi ivavo vakashandurwa kuita zvinoshamisa matombo maumbirwo ayo anogona kuonekwa kure kurenje renje jena. Nepo mamwe magwaro anoti dutu guru rejecha rakakonzera kunyangarika kwake.
Farao Djoser uye mafashamo eNairi
Rwizi rwaNire rwagara rwuri manyuko emvura neupenyu munzvimbo yeEgipita, sezvo ruchipa yakawanda yemvura yakachena kunyika iyoyo. Nenzira iyi, chero shanduko kana shanduko inoitwa inogona kukonzera kushaikwa kwemvura uye izvi zvingava njodzi huru kudunhu. Kune rumwe rutivi, mafashamo ane Rwizi rwaNire anogamuchirwa zvakanaka kwazvo navanhu veEgipita.
Ngano inoti Farao Dyoser akanga akagara pachigaro chake akasuruvara zvikuru, akanyarara uye akasuwa, sezvo vanhu vake vakanga vari mukunyadziswa sezvo makore manomwe akanga apfuura uye mafashamo eRwizi rwaNire akanga asina kukwana nokuda kwavanhu.
Mvura yacho yaisakwana kudiridza munda wairimwa uye matura mumatura akanga ava kupera uye izvi zvaisaita kuti vanhu vazvidyise nenzira yakanaka.
Mwedzi yakanga yapfuura uye Farao Dyoser akanga achitonyanya kutambudzika. Vanhu vakanga vasina chokudya. Varimi vakatarisa minda yakaoma vakasuwa vakuru vatopera simba vana vachichema nenzara. Kunyange zvipiriso kuna vamwari zvaifanira kumiswa nokuda kwokushaikwa kwezvokudya.
Farao akasarudza kukumbira rubatsiro kubva kumutungamiriri wehurumende uye shamwari Impoteh uyo aiva chiremba, mugadziri wezvivakwa, nyanzvi yenyeredzi uye n'anga huru. Farao akaenda kushamwari yake achitaura mashoko anotevera:
"Nyika yedu iri kutambura nemamiriro ezvinhu akakomba - akadaro mambo achitaura naImhotep -. Tikasawana mhinduro tinoziya nenzara. Tinofanira kukurumidza kuona kwakazvarwa Nairi kuti tizive kuti isimba reumwari rinokonzera kusimuka kwemvura "
Mutungamiriri wehurumende akaenda kunotsvaka mhinduro yaakaenda kuguta reHeliopolis, kwaiva netemberi yeThoth. Aizivikanwa saMwari weuchenjeri uye mudziviriri wevanyori. Ikoko n’anga huru yakazvipira kubvunza mumabhuku akanga ane mashoko pamusoro pokufashamira kwoRwizi rwaNire uye pashure pokunge aunganidza zvose zvaaigona, akadzokera kumuzinda waFarao kundomuudza zvaakanga awana.
Izvi zvakaratidza kuna Farao kuti Rwizi rwaNire rwakazvarwa paElephantine Island uye rwakanga rwuri pakati pemapako maviri. Kuti zvakare kwakaonekwa chiedza chakamutsa kuzvisikwa zvose zvipenyu munyika. Mapako aya aichengetwa naMwari Jnum. Mwari uyu anomiririrwa aine muviri wemunhu uye musoro wegondohwe.
Mwari Jnum aidzora migero yemvura yerwizi rwaNire, saka Pharaoh Dyoser akasarudza kuenda kuchitsuwa ichocho kunonamata mwari Jnum, asi akashaya mhinduro kusvikira hope dzamukurira achibva abatwa nehope. Farao akarota Mwari Jnum paakazviratidza kwaari uye akamubvunza kuti sei akanga akasuruvara zvakadaro.
Farao akamuudza kuti akanga achinetseka nokuti vanhu vake vakanga vasina mvura nezvokudya. Mwari Khnum akapindura kuti akanga akatsamwa nokuti pakanga pasina temberi dzakakwana dzakanga dzavakwa kunyange zvazvo akanga apa zvipo zvakasiyana-siyana nezvinhu.
Pashure pokunge Jehovha Mwari ataura izvi kuna Farao, akasarudza kuzarura mikova yemvura yoRwizi rwaNire, iyo yakanga yakarara muchimiro chenyoka pasi pehwashu dzake. Farao akabva pachitsuwa chenzou achiita vimbiso inotevera:
"Tenzi wangu muvaki Imhotep achavaka temberi yako pachitsuwa chemavambo enyika uye nzvimbo yako tsvene ichachengetedza chakavanzika cheNairi nekusingaperi"
Apo Farao Djoser akamuka pahope, akaona kuti mvura yeRwizi rwaNire yakanga yawedzera uye kuyerera kwarwo kukuru kwakanga kwakwira. Patsoka dzaFarao paiva nehwendefa raiva nomunyengetero wakatsaurirwa kuna Mwari jnum uyo waizonyorwa gare gare mutemberi dzakanga dzakavakwa muzita rake, sezvakapikirwa naFarao Dyoser.
Ra's secret name
Humwe hwohunhu hwakakodzera zvikuru hwengano dzeEgipita kwakanga kuri ukoshi hukuru hunopiwa mazita, nokuti maererano nezvinodavirwa navanhu veEgipita, vakapa simba guru kumunhu ane zita iroro ndokuvabvumira kuziva kuti munhu iyeye akanga akaita sei.
Ndosaka pakuzvarwa munhu anofanirwa kupihwa mazita matatu kumwana, asi zita rimwe chete raigovewa paruzhinji. Imwe yengano dzechiIjipita mune ino chinyorwa chakanangana nekutaura nezve zita rakavanzika remumwe wevamwari vakuru veEgipita: Ra.
Inotaurirwa mune iyi imwe yengano dzinozivikanwa dzeEgipita kuti panguva apo Mwari wekare Ra akanga ava kutanga kurasikirwa nemasimba ake uye masimba oumwari uye vamwe vamwari vakanga vachishuva kuva nesimba rake.
Mwari Ra aive nemazita akawanda. Asi pakanga pane zita rakanga risingazikanwi nomunhu uye kubva pazita iri Mwari Ra akabudisa simba rake guru roumwari. Ndicho chikonzero vamwarikadzi Isis vaida kuziva kuti zita rakavanzika raMwari Ra kuitira kuti ape chigaro uye simba guru uye zvipo kune mwanakomana wake wemangwana ainzi Horus.
Mwarikadzi Isis ane huchenjeri hukuru akaronga chirongwa chekukwanisa kuziva zita rakavanzika raMwari Ra. Kuti aite izvi, akatanga kuunganidza salivary effluvia yaMwari Ra ndokuvasanganisa nenyika, nenzira iyi mwarikadzi Isis akapa mhungu dzokutanga. Shure kwaizvozvo akakanda mhuka idzo pakanga pachifamba Jehovha Mwari.
Imwe yemhungu iyo yakakandwa namwarikadzi Isis mumugwagwa yakakwanisa kuruma Mwari Ra uye akarwara zvakanyanya. Mwarikadzi Isis akazvipira kumutarisira uye kumuporesa mukutsinhana naye kuti amuudze kuti zita rake rechokwadi rakavanzika rakanga riri rei. Mwari Ra akasarudza kubvuma chirevo chakadaro nemamiriro chete ekuti Mwarikadzi Isis aisazozvizivisa kune mumwe munhu, kunze kwemwanakomana wake weramangwana ainzi Horus.
Ichi chaiva chimwe chinhu chakagamuchirwa naMwarikadzi Isis nenzira yakanaka. Ipapo Mwarikadzi Isis akaita kuti chepfu ibude mumuviri waMwari Ra uye aigona kudzoreredza mamiriro ake ehutano.
Kudzorerwa zvakakwana kubva kuna Mwari Ra, akakwanisa kugovera zita namwarikadzi Isis uye nemwanakomana wake weramangwana Horus. Kumupa simba guru uye chigaro choumambo chemunguva yemberi cheEgipita.
VaHathori vanomwe
Mwari Hathor anozivikanwa mumutauro weEgypt semwarikadzi wemufaro uye rudo uye anomiririrwa semhou huru yekudenga inopa nyika uye zvose zviripo munyika. The Goddess Hathor vaiva nevanasikana vanomwe vaizivikanwa nezita rekuti hathore, vaive mwarikadzi vaionekwa pese paizvara mwana murume nemukadzi uye ndivo vaive nebasa rekuzivisa mafambiro emwana nevabereki.
Zvinonzi ndiyo imwe yengano dzekare dzeEgipita apo Farao nomudzimai wake vakanga vasingakwanisi kuita vana. Ndicho chikonzero nei mukadzi wacho akasuruvara zvikuru uye Farao akanyengetera kuna mwari kuti amupe mukana wokupa mudzimai wake pamuviri ndokuva nomwana.
Kusvikira zuva rasvika uye nemashiripiti munamato waFarao kuna mwari wakaitika, mudzimai akaita pamuviri. Nokudaro kubereka mwana akanaka. Pakati pemafaro nemafaro aiitwa ekupemberera kuzvarwa kwemwana uyu, mhata nomwe dzairatidza kuti dzaikwanisa kuzivisa zvaizoitika kumwanakomana waFarao pamwe nevamwe vanhu vose vaiva muchivanze.
Apo mhashu nomwe dzakazivisa zvaizoitika kumwanakomana waFarao, haana kufarira zvakanga zvaziviswa navanamwarikadzi. Sezvo zvakanyorwa kuti mugumo wemwanakomana waFarao rufu uye aizofa nembwa, kana ngwena kana nyoka.
Faro, kuti adzivirire upenyu hwomwanakomana wake mumwe chete, akamurayira kuti avake muzinda pakati pegwenga uye nokudaro akavanza mwanakomana wake kubva kunhamo yake yakaipa. Imba yamambo yakanga iri kure uye yakaparadzaniswa nezvose uye pakanga pasina nzira yekupinda nayo.
Neiyi nzira, mwanakomana waFarao akapedza uduku hwake hwose akapfigirwa mumuzinda iwoyo wakanga wakavigwa pakati pemirwi yematombo namadziro e<em>marble ayo wakagadzirwa nawo. Asi mwanakomana akapanduka sezvo aida kuziva nyika uye rimwe zuva aneta nekusurukirwa, Farao akaudza baba vake kuti vamupe imbwa.
Kunyange zvazvo baba vake vakamuudza kuti kwete kakawanda nokuda kwekutya kuti chiporofita chehathors nomwe chaizozadzika. Kunyange zvazvo Farao mushure mekufunga nezvazvo kwemazuva akati wandei akataura kuti imbwa isingakuvadzi haizokuvadzi. Ndosaka akamupa kambwanana kakanaka.
Neiyi nzira, nguva yakapfuura uye muchinda muduku akanzwa achizarirwa mumuzinda, wakanga wakafanana netorongo rendarama. Ndosaka muchinda akasarudza kutiza kubva mumuzinda nembwa yake. Achisvika muguta akaziva kuti paive nemwanasikana wamambo aive akanaka akavharirwa munhare. Baba vake vakanga vamuvharira panzvimbo iyi kuitira kuti asava pedyo nevashambadzi vose.
Uyo chete aikwanisa kusvika pamusoro peshongwe mukusvetuka kumwe chete kukuru aizova nemufaro wekuroora mwanasikana wamambo. Muchinda mudiki akazvisimbisa uye akafunga kukunda dambudziko raakange audzwa mushure mekuedza kwakati wandei kutadza kukunda dambudziko uye kusvika pamusoro peshongwe. Baba vamambo vaive vasvotwa nekufarira kuvepo kwejaya vakabvuma kuroora mwanasikana wavo aive tsvarakadenga.
Mushure mekunge varoorana usiku, muchinda wechidiki akareurura kumudzimai wake akanaka kuti aive ani uye chii chaiva chikonzero chekutapwa kwake uye magumo ayo aainge afanotaura neanomwe hathores. Nyaya iyi yakaita kuti mwanasikana wamambo ade mujaya aimuchengeta akatarisa kuti asarwiswe nemhuka nhatu idzi.
Pausiku hwaipisa mwanasikana wamambo akacherekedza nyoka ichikwira pamubhedha waakagoverana nomuchinda muduku. Akatora tsvimbo ndokurova nyoka iya mumusoro, ndokuiuraya pakarepo. Akabva aibata ndokupa imbwa kuti idye.
Kubva panguva iyoyo imbwa yakachinja chimiro chayo ndokuva nechisimba zvikuru pamuchinda, chimwe chinhu chakafamba mukati membwa icho chakaita kuti iite saizvozvo. Mune imwe yadzo, paakarwiswa nembwa, aifanira kusvetukira murwizi, imomo akawana ngozi huru paiva negarwe guru asi akanga akwegura uye aneta nokuridya.
Zvakanzi hondo yaFarao yaida kumuuraya nekuda kwechiporofita, saka akakumbira muchinda wechidiki kuti amubatsire kugadzirisa dambudziko iri uye amubudise mumvura ari mupenyu. Pashure pokunge abva murwizi, akarwiswazve nembwa yake nechimiro chechisimba chinotowedzera.
Izvo akazvidzivirira nekumurova zvakasimba mumusoro achimuuraya pakarepo. Asi nyaya iyi haina kuperera ipapo sezvo nyoka yakanga yadyiwa yakabuda mukati asi yakaruma muchinda wechidiki ichimuuraya pakarepo uye nenzira iyi chiporofita chehata nomwe chakazadzikiswa.
Kufa kwaOsiris
Pamwe imwe yengano dzinozivikanwa dzeEgypt nhasi kuponda kwaMwari Osiris. Ipapo kumuka kwake uye ipapo kuberekwa kwomwanakomana wake Mwari Horus. Ndiyo imwe yenhema dzeEgypt inotitaurira nezvematambudziko anogona kubuda mumhuri uye kuponda sechimbo chekuwana simba rinodiwa uye kukakavara kunogona kugadzirwa uye kutungamirira kumhirizhonga yakazara.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcXEIGnQgkg
Zvinotaurwa mungano yeEgipita kuti Nut, uyo anozivikanwa samwarikadzi wedenga, akanga ane vana vana, vakadzi vaviri uye varume vaviri. Osiris ari iye akazove Mambo wevakafa. Hanzvadzi yake Isis aive mwarikadzi wekubereka. Seti anozivikanwa samwari wechisimba uye Nephthys anozivikanwa semukadzi wemba kana dziviriro.
Mwari Osiris akava Mambo weEgipita yose, ari mutongi ane mutsa zvikuru uye azere nouchenjeri, akaudza vanhu vake kuti zvirimwa zvokurima zvinofanira kuitwa sei. Akadzidzisawo vanhu vake manamatiro avaifanira kuita vanamwari uye akavapa mitemo yavaifanira kudzora nayo upenyu hwavo.
Kunyange zvazvo Osiris akanga ari mutongi akanaka akanga ane muvengi mukati memba yake uye akaronga kumuuraya, muvengi uyu aiva munun’una wake pachake ainzi Seti. Saka mukoma wake akasarudza kuzvibatanidza nevamwe vanhu vakanga vasingagutsikani naOsiris uye vakamirira mukana wekubvisa Osiris.
Mambo Osiris akasarudza kuita mabiko uye akakoka mukoma wake Seti pamwe chete nevanhu ivavo kuti vadye. Ndiyo yaive nguva yakafanira yekuuraya Mambo Osiris. Seti akarayira kuvaka areka nemasokisi chaiwo aMambo Osiris, kuitira kuti agone kukwana munzvimbo iyoyo nyore nyore. Osiris akaedza chipo chimwe nechimwe kusvikira asvika kuareka ndokuchiedza.
Varangana, vachiona kuti Mambo Osiris akanga achiedza areka, vakatanga kutsausa vaenzi vose apo Seti akatanga kuroverera areka kuti aisime uye Mambo Osiris akafira mukati meareka iyoyo.
Pashure pokunge Osiris afa mukati mebhokisi, varangana vakasarudza kupinza areka muRwizi rwaNire.Seti akazivisa kuti munun’una wake Mambo Osiris akanga afa uye kuti aifanira kutora chigaro choumambo, nokudaro ndokuzvipfekedza iye amene mambo weEgipita.
Mwarikadzi Isis achibatsirwa navamwe vamwari akawanazve mutumbi waOsiris wakanga wakaputsika, zvakaitwa namwarikadzi Isis kwaiva kumutumbura uye kubva ipapo akamudzorera kuupenyu. Panguva iyoyo akarara namwarikadzi Isis waakava nepamuviri uyo aizoberekera mwanakomana wake Horus.
Apo mwari Osiris anomutswa, akauya nechinjo huru yaaiva nayo yokuda kuva Mwari woupenyu kumubatanidza namwari ane chokuita noupenyu husingaperi uye nokuchengetedzwa nokutungamirirwa kwevakafa mune imwe nyika.
Pane uyuwo mwanakomana wake Horus aifanira kutarisana naMwari Seti kwenguva yakati kuti kurwa kwechigaro cheushe. Izvi zvaizounza kuwanda kukuru kwemakakatanwa apo Mwari Horus aizokunda, aizowana nhaka yababa vake.
Ngano yekwakabva karenda reEgipita
Ndiyo imwe yengano dzakatanhamara dzeEgypt mutsika dzechiIjipita, nekuti zvinonzi karenda reEgypt raive nemazuva 360. Panguva iyo Mwari Ra akatanga kusika nyika. Geb naNut vakaroorana vachipesana nemvumo yamwari Ra. Ndokusaka Mwari Ra akarayira Shu kuti azviparadzanise nenzira iyi, zvakanga zvakaita semhepo yakauya pakati peNyika nedenga, ichibudisa mhepo.
Asi Nut akanga atova nepamuviri paGeb uye paakanzwa nhau iyi Mwari Ra akatuka Nut. Iyo yaisanganisira kurambidza Nut kuzvara mukati memazuva mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu aienderana nekarenda yeEgipita.
Sezvo Nut akanga atoneta, akaenda kunotaura naMwari Thoth wouchenjeri, akaronga zano rokutenga nguva. Mwari akaenda kuna mwari wemwedzi anozivikanwa saKhonsu. Namwari uyu akaenderera mberi nekubheja akati wandei nenguva kuenda kumwedzi uye akahwina kakawanda. Neizvi akakwanisa kuwana imwe nguva yekupedza mazuva mashanu.
Nenzira iyi yaive iyo mwarikadzi Nut akashandisa mazuva ano kuti akwanise kubereka vana vake Osiris, Seti, Isis naNephthys, avo Osiris aizosvika panzvimbo yababa vake.
Nyaya yemurimi anotaurisa
Pakati pezvinyorwa zveEgypt zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvipi zvakatsaurirwa vanhu nevarimi, iyi yaiva nyaya yakazvarwa munguva dzeMiddle Kingdom.
Ngano yeEgipita inotaura ngano yomumwe murombo akanga ari murombo zvikuru asi akatendeseka zvikuru uye panguva imwe cheteyo achishanda nesimba zvikuru. Uyo aive nemusha wake nemhuri yake munzvimbo yemunyu.
Murimi uyu aigara achida kubva pamba pake achienda kunotengesa zvinhu zvaigadzirwa papurazi rake. Mune rumwe rwendo irworwo rwaakaita, aitofanira kupfuura nepanzvimbo yaairambidzwa nemukuru wemauto, achimunyevera kuti mugwagwa uyu waiva wake.
Vaviri vachikurukura nezvedambudziko iri, mhuka dzakatakura zvinhu izvi dzinotanga kudya michero yaive yalieutenant. Izvi zvinoshandiswa nalieutenant kuchengeta idzo mhuka nezvitengeswa zvavanotakura.
Pamberi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, murimi akaenda kuguta reHeliopolis. Paive nemumiriri waFarao aizivikanwa saRensi. Murimi anotsanangura zvakaitika uye akapokana nehuwori hwehuori hwalieutenant. Nzira iyo murombo akaratidzira nayo yakabata ngwariro yomumiriri waFarao uyo akauya kuzoteerera murombo aiva nehurukuro huru.
Ruramisiro yakazoitwa apo murombo akakwanisa kudzoreredza nhumbi dzake dzose, asi panguva imwe cheteyo zvose zvakanga zvaitwa nemukuru wemauto akapiwa kwaari uye akava muranda wake nokuda kwehuori.
Kana iwe wawana chinyorwa ichi nezve ngano dzeEgypt chakakosha, ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti ushanyire anotevera malink: