Chirimwa chinonzi Cuna de Moisés kana Espatifilos, marudzi akasiyana emiti yemhando Spathiphylum sp., yemhuri yeAraceae inobva kumasango anopisa eSouth America, akagoverwa munyika dzakasiyana dzepasi. Munyika dzinotonhora vanokura mudzimba dzinopisa uye greenhouses. Kune akawanda horticultural marudzi emhando iyi. Ndinokukoka iwe kuti uzive nzira yekuchengetedza Cradle yaMosesi.
Chizvarwa chaMosesi
Iyo Cradle yaMosesi inozivikanwa kwazvo (spatyphyllum sp.) inowanikwa kumasango anogara achinaya mvura ekuchamhembe kweSouth America kubva kuVenezuela, Colombia, kuenda kuPeru neEcuador, inogoverwa munzvimbo dzayo dzemabviro pakati pegungwa kusvika pamamita 1.200 pamusoro pegungwa. Mhando dzinodarika makumi matatu nemahybrids akawanda anozivikanwa. mhando S. walisii, yakagoverwa muchimiro chezvirimwa munyika dzakawanda dzepasi.
Mukurima horticulture, akawanda mahybrids uye marudzi akarimwa akasiyana neayo ekutanga nekuve neakakura spathes kana anoyevedza inflorescences. Munyika dzine mwero vanorimwa mumagreenhouses kana munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemukati. Zita rerudzi urwu spatyphyllum inobva kushoko reChigiriki spathe zvinorevei spathe uye "phyllon" shizha, mazwi anoburitsa hombe jena spathe yakatenderedza inflorescence.
Chirimwa chinorimwa zvakanyanya munyika dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya zviri nyore kutenga kudzimba dzekutengesa zvirimwa, nemitengo inokwanisika uye mhando dzayo dzakasiyana uye dzinoyevedza, dzinogona kutengwa muhukuru hwakasiyana kubva pamasendimita gumi kusvika pakureba. 10 masendimita. Iwo zvirimwa zvisingaperi zviri nyore kuchengetedza, nekuti zvinokura munzvimbo dzine mumvuri zvinogona maruva mukati memba, maruva avo anogara kwenguva refu uye kana akachengetwa zvakanaka, kutumbuka kwawo kuchava nyore kuwana, zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinomera.
Zviratidzo
Icho chirimwa chine herbaceous, chinenge 10 kusvika 30 centimita kureba, chine mashizha asingaperi, isina hunde (acaule) kana kuti ine dzinde pfupi. Mashizha ayo anotaridzika semapfumo nekuti akareba uye lanceolate, acuminate kumucheto kwepamusoro kana kumusoro uye akanyura pazasi. Mashizha ayo ane mbabvu yepakati yakanyatso cherechedzwa iyo yakareba 26 kusvika 30 centimita kureba uye 6 kusvika 8 centimita yakafara.
Iine mapetiole egirinhi akareba kudarika shizha remashizha ayo uye inoita inflorescence yakareba kudarika mashizha, ine chena-yakaita chena spathe inoshanduka kuita girinhi nekufamba kwenguva, inoyera pakati pegumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemana masendimita. Iyo yepamusoro ye spathe yakareba acuminate. Iine spadix chena, iduku kudarika spathe, izere nemaruva akaorera hermaphroditic. Dzimwe nguva inflorescence inobuda yakasvibirira muruvara uye nekufamba kwenguva inoshanduka kuita chena yobva yaita girinhi isati yafa. Maruva ayo anokura gore rose.
Kutarisirwa
The Cradles of Moses zvirimwa zvinokura zvakanaka zvichigamuchira chiedza chezuva, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uzviise pedyo nehwindo apo zvinowana chiedza chakanaka chisina kunanga. Sezvo chiri zvirimwa zvinopisa, tembiricha yadzinojairana nadzo zvakanyanya iri pakati pe15°C kusvika 25°C. Kudiridzira kunofanirwa kuwaniswa kakawanda mumwedzi yezhizha, pamwe chete nehuwandu hushoma uye kuwanda mumwedzi yechando. Iwo zvirimwa zvinofarira hunyoro hwemamiriro ekunze, zvinokurudzirwa kubhadhara kana kuisa fetereza mumwaka wechirimo nezhizha. Kutumbuka kwayo kuri muchirimo uye inokurudzirwa kuisirwa makore maviri ega ega.
Iluminación
Ruva rwerunyararo kana Cradle of Moses inokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine mwenje wakanaka unosvika kwairi zvisina kunanga. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti uzvitsvage nechiedza chakakwirira asi kuti mwaranzi yezuva isasvike pachirimwa chaipo. Inosimbiswa kuti chiedza chezuva hachivhenekeri zvakananga pamashizha, nokuti zvinokwanisika kuti inoshanduka yero kana kupisa uye inogona kudonha.
Zvinogonawo kuitika kuti nzvimbo yaunogona kurima miti yeCradle of Moses ine chiedza chezuva chishoma, izvi zvinozoita kuti chirimwa chikure zvakanaka muchiedza chakaderera asi chisingatumbuki maruva, chinoramba chiri muzvinomera uye chichinakidzwa nemashizha awo ane mavara akanaka. Kana uchida kuona Cradle yaMoses ichibudirira, unofanira kuibvisa kuti igamuchire chiedza chakanaka.
Temperatura
Chirimwa icho, chakaberekerwa kunzvimbo dzinopisa dzeSouth America, chinofanira kurimwa patembiricha iri pakati pe15°C ne25°C. ICuna de Moisés haidziviriri kutonhora kwakadzika uye kunyange kuderera kwechando, saka kana iwe uchizokura munyika ine mamiriro ekunze ekunze, unofanirwa kuzviita mukati meimba umo kune kupisa. Uye zvakare, kuti utarise idzi tembiricha siyana kuti ukure, iwe unofanirwa kuziva nezvemhepo yemhepo uye kamwe kamwe shanduko yekushisa nekuti izvi zvinokanganisa aya akanaka mavhavha.
Kudiridza
Kushandiswa kwemvura yekudiridza kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze emwaka yakasiyana yegore. Mumwaka wechirimo, chirimwa ichi chinoda kudiridzwa kwakawanda, nguva dzose ichiita kuti ivhu rirambe rakanyorova asi risina mvura. Saka, zvakakosha kuti substrate isaoma zvachose. Mumwaka wechando, kune rumwe rutivi, Cradle yaMoses haifaniri kuwana kudiridza kwakawanda nekuda kwekuderera kwekushisa. Madiridziro aya achashandiswa kana ivhu raoma.
Humidity
Ndidzo zvirimwa zvinokura muzvisikwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwakanyanya semasango anopisa. Nekuda kweCradles of Moses iyi, ukairimira kumba unofanirwa kuapa hunyoro hwakawanda kana waona kuti nhongonya yemashizha inenge yakaoma. Kana iwe uchigara munzvimbo ine yakaderera humidity kwezvakatipoteredza, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uzvikure pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinomera zvinodawo yakakwirira yemamiriro ekunze humidity seCalateas kana Marantas, kuve pamwe chete ivo vanogadzira microclimate kuchengetedza humidity munzvimbo.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, vanogona kupihwa hunyoro nekuisa poto yeChikafu chaMosesi pandiro ine mamwe matombo kana matombo akazadzwa nemvura, matombo achaita kuti hari irambe iri pamusoro uye nokudaro kuchengetedza Cradle of Moses chirimwa kana rugare lily. nyoro, uye, pasi harizonyoro. Zvakare, pane sarudzo yekupfapfaidza mvura pamashizha echirimwa kanenge katatu pasvondo uye kana nharaunda yakaoma kwazvo mazuva ese. Chekupedzisira, kana iwe uine mukana uye uine zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinoda humidity, tenga humidifier kubatsira kuburitsa hunyoro munzvimbo.
Fertilization kana fetiraiza
Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa fetereza yemiti yeCunas de Moisés pakutanga kwechirimo kana mumwaka wechirimo, nekuti inguva yegore umo zvinomera izvi zvinokura zvakanyanya uye nekudaro zvinotora chikafu chakawanda kubva muvhu uye kubva mumvura yavanoshandisa. kuti arambe achikura nekugadzira maruva maruva nekutumbuka. Nekuda kweizvi, organic kana kemikari feteraiza inofanirwa kupihwa muyero wakakwana kuti udyise Cradle yaMoses uye pasina kukuvadza chirimwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, tevera mirairo yepimo inokurudzirwa nemugadziri uye kana iwe uchifunga kuti yakawandisa, isa hafu, zviri nani kuwedzera zvishoma uye kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvine utano.
Kutumbuka
Mienzaniso yeCuna de Moisés kana spathiphylls inotumbuka zvakanyanya kana ikakura mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekupenya kwepamusoro uye hunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvambotaurwa, Cradle of Moses zvinomera zvisingatumbuki zvinogona kunge zviri kukura munzvimbo dzine chiedza chishoma chechirimwa. Iwe unogona kufunga kuti unowana chiedza chakanaka, zvisinei kuti zvinomera zvinonyanya kujeka kune chiedza kupfuura vanhu.
Naizvozvo, kana iwe uchida kukurudzira kutumbuka, zvinokurudzirwa kushandura Cradle of Moses kune imwe nzvimbo ine chiedza chezuva chisina kunanga, ine tembiricha inodziya inenge 20°C uye ine hunyoro hwakanaka hwemamiriro ekunze, hunogona kuwanikwa nekupfapfaidza mashizha emusango. dyara woisa poto pandiro ine mvura ine mamwe matombo kana hurungudo kuti poto isabate mvura woibvisa after 10 minutes. Uyewo, chengetedza ivhu rakanyorova asi risina kuzara nemvura.
Kudyara nekudyara
Chirimwa chinogona kurarama kwemakore akawanda kana chikarapwa zvakanaka. Kuti Cradle yaMosesi ikure ine hutano kwenguva yakareba, zviri nyore kuiendesa kune imwe hari makore maviri kana matatu ega ega, mumwaka wechirimo. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti hari itsva inofanira kuva inenge masendimita matatu kana mana yakakura mudhayamita kana kudzika kudarika poto yekare, kuitira kuti Cradle yaMoses inokura midzi yayo zviri nani uye naizvozvo inokura zviri nani.
Kana uchizoidyara panzvimbo mubindu, zvinokurudzirwawo kudyara Cradle of Moses mumwaka wechirimo (munyika dzisina mwaka zvinokurudzirwa kutanga kunaya kwemvura), nekuti ndipo panowanikwa tembiricha shoma. iri 15 ° C, inofarira kukura kwechirimwa ichi. Yeuka kuti iwe unofanirwa kudyara pasi pemuti kuitira kuti igamuchire chiedza chezuva chisina kunanga, uye hunyoro hunochengetedzwa, sezvinoitika mumasikirwo.
Vhura gomba rine chiyero chingangoita 50 x 50 centimeters, isa fetereza yepasi rose yakasanganiswa neperlite mugomba iroro, muhuwandu hwakaenzana wosanganisa, woisa Cradle yaMoses pakati, uchiona kuti haina kunyanya kukwirisa kana kuti. yakadzika zvakanyanya, Nokuda kweizvi, simbisa kuti bhora remidzi apo chirimwa chinenge 2 centimita pazasi pevhu nemvura.
Paradzira
Inogona kuparadzirwa nekupatsanura matairi ayo kana nenhungirwa dzemadzinde anokura mutsoka dzechirimwa chaamai. Iwo zvirimwa zvinonzwa chiedza, saka zvinoda nzvimbo dzine shaded, idzo dzinowana chiedza chakanaka mumaawa ekutanga ezuva kana masikati. Ivhu rekurima reCuna de Moisés rinofanira kuva rakaorera, rine mvura yakanaka, inoda kudiridza kakawanda asi pasina mafashamo ivhu, nokuti izvi zvinogona kuora midzi.
Zvipembenene
Cuna de Moisés zvirimwa zvinotapukira kurwiswa nezvipembenene zvakaita semite uye zvipembenene uye tupukanana tunokonzera zvirwere, pazvinokura munzvimbo dzisina kukodzera kukura kwavo kwakanaka kana kutambura nekushaikwa kwekudya kunovadzivisa kuzvidzivirira kubva kuvavengi vavo vepanyama. uye kurwara. Nechikonzero ichi, vanofanirwa kupihwa kutarisirwa kwakanyanya kana uchida kuchengetedza Cradle yaMoses ine hutano. Pakati pemhuka dzinorwisa chirimwa ichi zvinogona kucherechedzwa:
- mite Imhuka diki dzinoyera isingasviki 0,5 centimita pakureba uye iyo parasitize chirimwa, ichizviisa pamashizha, ichidya ma cellular tissues. Mite inozivikanwa se "dandemutande dzvuku" inomira pachena, iyo inoruka dandemutande, nokudaro zita rayo remazuva ese uye iro rinogona kunyengera murimi kuti afunge kuti imhungu. Inodzorwa neacaricide.
- Aphid kana hove. Iwaya anoparadza Cradle yaMosesi, achidya muto wemashizha nemaruva. Rudzi rwemaaphid runogona kuve yero, girini, shava kana dema. Nekuda kwekutonga kwayo, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene senge chlorpyrifos, kana zvipembenene zvechisikigo zvakaita semafuta emuneem kana sipo yepotassium.
- Nhunzi chena. Kapembenene aka imosquito chena inosveta muto weCradle of Moses. Nekuda kwekutonga kwayo, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa chlorpyrifos, kana zvipembenene zvechisikigo senge neem oil inotorwa uye nesipo yepotassium.
Pakati pezviratidzo zvezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwakadai sefungi yegenera Phytopthora, Cylindrocladium, Cercospora y Colleotricum, Zvichikonzerwa nekuwanda kwekudiridza, vanogona kutumidzwa mazita: mavara matsvuku pamashizha, mavara e-chlorotic pamashizha, kuora kwemashizha nemidzi, kuderera kwekukura uye zviratidzo zvekusuwa mumuti. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuporeswa nefungicides yakadai seAliette, chikamu chayo chinoshanda iFosetil-Al, uyewo nekucheka zvikamu zvakakanganiswa uye zvechokwadi kuderedza kuwanda kwekudiridza.
Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi nekuziva hunhu hunoshamisa uye maitiro ekuzvichengeta, uchiverenga inotevera positi: