Muvambi weAmerica ane zita rinofanira kuziva kwatiri tose: Christopher Columbus. Zvisinei, America yakanga yatowanikwa, Paive nevanhu netsika dzaigara munyika idzodzo, maViking akagarawo mune imwe nzvimbo. Saka kana tichitaura nezvekuwanikwa kweAmerica tinozviita kubva pakuona kweEurope.
Kana iwe uchida dzidza zvimwe zvakawanda pamusoro peakawana uye kuwanikwa kweAmerica, Nhasi tinokuudza chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pamusoro pechikamu chenhoroondo chinogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemaonero, izvo zvaive nezvinhu zvakanaka uye zvakaipa mukuita kwayo.
Muvambi weAmerica
Christopher Columbus anozivikanwa nekuve muvambi weAmerica sezvo aive wekutanga muEurope kugadzira a transatlantic rwendo pakati peEurope neAmerica. Kunyange zvazvo akanga asiri kunyatsotsvaka nyika itsva, akanga achitsvaka nzira itsva yokusvika nayo kuIndia.
Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti panguva iyoyo America yaive netsika nemagariro akasiyana siyana aigara munyika idzodzo. Saka kana tichitaura nezve "kuwanikwa kweAmerica" tiri kutaura nezvekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo kubva pakuona kweEurope. Isu tiri kureva, semuenzaniso, kune maMayans, maAztec kana maIncas pakati pevamwe.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune manyuko anoratidza sei Munenge gore ra1000, boka reViking rakagara mune yaizove zvino Canada. Vachitungamirwa naLeif Erikson, maViking vaizogadzira nzvimbo yavakadana kuti Vinland, iri muNewfoundland yemazuva ano.
Zvisinei, uyo aizoenda pasi mumabhuku enhoroondo nokuda kwemigumisiro yerwendo rwake angave Columbus.
Mamiriro ezvinhu asati awanikwa America
Muzana remakore rechi15, muEurope, rakanga riri zana remakore rekuongorora, rekuwedzera ndima. Zvose izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Kune rumwe rutivi, Reconquista yakanga yaguma muna 1492 nokuwa kweGranada, ichibvumira maMonarch eKaturike kuisa pfungwa dzavo pakuwedzera kwenharaunda mhiri kwegungwa. Nekune rumwe rutivi zvaive zvekutengeserana, ndiyo nguva yesilika, zvinonhuwira uye zvigadzirwa zvekunze kubva kuAsia. Zvigadzirwa zvakasvika muEurope kuburikidza nenzira dzinodzorwa nemaMuslim. Kuva nemakwara ako ekutengeserana zvaireva kudzora kutengeserana.
Kutsvaga nzira itsva
Nzira dzekutengeserana, naizvozvo, dzakanga dzine simba guru rezvemari nokuda kweEurope uye dzimwe nzira dzenzira dzakanga dziripo dzaidzorwa navaMuslim dzakanga dziri madikanwa. Kufamba-famba kwave kunowedzera uye kunyatsojeka, Paiva nekatuni yemhando yepamusoro uye tekinoroji yemugungwa (compass, astrolabes, zvichingodaro) zvaibvumira vafambisi vezvikepe kuti vafambe zvakanaka. Vamwe vafambisi vezvikepe vakashinga kubva kuPortugal vakanga vatanga kufamba muchikepe kuongorora kwekufamba kwegungwa chikamu chemahombekombe eAfrica, kuwana zvitsuwa uye nzira dzekutengeserana mumhenderekedzo yeAfrica.
Christopher Columbus, mufambisi wengarava weGenoa, aitarisira kuwana nzira itsva yekuenda kuIndies. Rwendo rwacho rwaizova kumadokero, uko chinhambwe chiri pakati peEurope neAsia (maererano nemepu dzenguva iyoyo) chinofanira kunge chaive chipfupi. Isu tinofanirwa kuyeuka kuti kuEurope America yakanga isipo, uye nekudaro, kana takananga kune iyo nzira mune yakanyanya kana kushoma mutsara wakatwasuka, taizosvika kuIndies. Rwendo pakati peEurope neAsia mhiri kweAtlantic. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve nzira uye mamiriro ayo, unogona kubvunza izvi peji pamusoro pematapu enguva iyoyo.
Zvisinei, pfungwa yaColumbus haina kuratidzika kuva yakazadzika yakarambwa panhambo dzinoverengeka. Pakupedzisira Akakwanisa kuita kuti Madzimambo echiKaturike awane mari yerwendo rwake. mukutsvaga nzira itsva yekuenda kuIndies.
Rwendo rweColumbus
Musi waNyamavhuvhu 3, 1492, Columbus akatanga rwendo rwake rwakanga rwakamirirwa kubva pachiteshi chengarava chePalos de la Frontera akananga kuIndies. Nokuda kweizvi, zvaive zvikepe zvitatu: Santa María, Pinta uye Niña Vakadanwa. Mwedzi yekufambisa yakaenderera mberi uye mushure memwedzi mitatu, iyo Gumiguru 12, 1492, akatsika pasi akagutsikana kuti aita chinangwa chake. Achitenda kuti akanga awana chitsuwa muIndies, akasarudza kuchitumidza kuti San Salvador. Chii chinoitika ndechekuti anga asati asvika muIndies asi nzvimbo iyoyo yaizova Bahamas archipelago.
Parwendo irworwo Columbus Akaongorora nharaunda, akashanyira zvitsuwa zvakawanda zveCaribbean zvakaita seCuba neHispaniola.. Ikoko akatanga ukama nevanhu vaigaramo, vaTaino. Muzvinyorwa zvake, Columbus aizorondedzera rupo uye mutsa wevanhu veko, asi akatangawo kuona kuti vaigona sei kuita kuti nyika itsva idzi dzigamuchirwe. Kuti uve nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro ayo, unogona kuverenga nezve nzendo dzeChristopher Columbus.
Columbus Ndaizoita nzendo ina kunyika dzeAmerica pamwe chete, asi yokutanga yadzo yakabatsira zvikuru. Vamwe vaongorori vaida kuziva nekukunda iyo Nyika Itsva muzita remadzishe ayo, kwete maSpanish chete, maChirungu haana kutora nguva yakareba kuti apinde mukukunda, semuenzaniso.
Mushure meColumbus
Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi, kuwanikwa ikoko kwakagadzira a humambo hwakakura hweSpain hwekoloni muAmerica hwakasimudzira hupfumi nesimba reSpain muEurope. Uye, sezvatakataura, humwe umambo nehumambo hwakada kubatana kukunda chimedu chepayi.
Kusangana nevekuEurope kwaive migumisiro inoparadza kuvanhu veko, Kune rumwe rutivi, kuchinjana kwezvirwere zvakaita sechibhokisi kana gwirikwiti, zvirwere izvo vanhu ivavo vakanga vasina kugadzirira. Vazhinji vakafa, zvichideredza huwandu hwavo. Hurongwa hutsva hwehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika hwakaunzwa nevaEurope kunharaunda dzakakundwa hwakakonzerawo dambudziko. Marudzi netsika dzakarasikirwa nekuzvitonga, dzimwe dzakashandiswa sebasa mukutsinhana nedziviriro nekuparidza evhangeri. Nekune rimwe divi, kune vanhu vaida kudzivirira minda yavo vakapedzisira vapondwa.
Zvese izvi zvaizoshandura nyika yese. Akatanga a Kutsinhana kwepasi rose kwemarudzi ezvirimwa nemhuka asiwo tsika pakati peNyika Yekare neNyika Itsva "iyo Columbian exchange." Chibage, mbatatisi, matomatisi necocoa zvakasvika muEurope, ukuwo gorosi, shuga nemabhiza zvakasvika muAmerica.
Nekufamba kwenguva uye nekufamba kwenhoroondo, kuwanikwa kweAmerica kwaizoshanduka mukugadzira nyika-nyika pakondinendi, rusununguko rwemakoloni uye kusimudzira mestizo tsika uko pesvedzero yevagari vemo, maAfrica neveEurope vaizobatana kuti vaumbe nzanga dzemazuva ano dzeLatin America.
