sequoia tree
Sezvakataurwa munhanganyaya, chinhu chinoshamisa kwazvo pamusoro pemuti uyu hukuru hwayo, ndeimwe ye miti mikuru huripo, sezvo zvinoshamisa kuti inogona kusvika kusvika mamita 115, saizvozvowo zvakakodzera kuratidza mararamiro ayo anotarisirwa, izvo zvisiri chimwe chinhu uye hapana zvisingasviki makore 3000, izvo zvinoreva kuti unogona kusangana nemunhu anga ari panyika kwenguva yakareba kupfuura chero ipi zvayo chipenyu.
Zviri pachena kuti kuitira kuti vararame nhamba iyoyo yemakore uye kunyange kupfuura, panofanira kuva nemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kana zvisina kudaro hupenyu hwavo hunoderera uye naizvozvo zvakare hupenyu hwavo; zvakakosha kuziva kuti dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma sezvazvicharatidzwa muchikamu chinotevera muchinyorwa.
Chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha ndezvekuti kana iri nguva yechando, iyo yose inononoka, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuoma kwekushisa uku, izvo zvinodzivirira kuti irege kuramba ichikura, hongu, inoramba ichifema, kana zvisina kudaro. aizofa. Zvino, kana chirimo chasvika, inomuka, asi inoita zvishoma nezvishoma, ndokusaka gore rose, muti uyu unongokura kwemwedzi mitanhatu, imwe yasara isingaite.
Miti iyi inonyanya kuwanikwa mumakomo, ndicho chikonzero nguva yechando inovabata zvakanyanya uye inoderedza basa ravo, sezvo zhizha rinowanzove rakanyorova kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekugara; Kana vanhu vakasarudza kurikurira, vanofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvese zvinodiwa, kunyanya mamiriro ekunze, nekuti hazvina kunaka kwese kwese.
Miti iyi inonzi "Conifers", imwe yeanonyanya kufadza hunhu ihunde yavo, nekuti iyi yakatwasuka uye kwete senge mune mamwe anowanzo ane matavi mazhinji, sezvo hunde rayo richikura richikura, pane mamwe ayo vakatove nemamita masere pazasi pavo.
Kana ari mashizha ayo, aya haana saizi imwe chete, asi akasiyana, asi iwo akareba, nekuwedzera, makoni avo ane ovoid chimiro. Mhuri kwairi ndeye Cupressaceae.
Descripcion
Dzimwe tsananguro dzakatopihwa munhanganyaya, zvisinei, muchikamu chino tichataura zvakadzama nezve muti uyu unoshamisa, une hunde refu uye yakatwasuka, matavi awo akatetepa zvakanyanya uye anowira akatwasuka kumusoro. ine rind gobvu zvinokatyamadza, uye zvakare inopenya uye yakatsetseka.
Ukuru hwemashizha ayo hahuna kugadziriswa, kusiyana ne Mashizha emiti yerumwe rudzi, idzi dzinogona kunge dzakatenderedza mamirimita gumi nemashanu, kusvika pamamirimita makumi maviri nemashanu, dzakati sandarara uye dzakareba. Kana iri ruvara rwezvakafanana, ivo vanosiyana zvichienderana nekuti ivo vanovhenekerwa nezuva zvakananga, sezvinoitika kunzvimbo yekorona yemiti iyi kana, pane zvinopesana, ivo vari mumumvuri, ndiko kuti. , inokurudzirwa nemamwe matavi kana miti iri pedyo, iyo yakawanda Iyo yakasviba inowanzova nechepamusoro, asi iyo yakaderera inogona kuva nenzvimbo dzakachena.
Kana ari makoni emiti iyi, sezvataurwa, anochengetedza chimiro cheovoid, chine hurefu hunogona kusiyana kubva pagumi nemashanu kusvika pamakumi matatu nembiri millimeters, pamusoro pekuti vanewo spiral scales uye chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine mhodzi, dzinenge nhatu. kusvika kumamita mana muhukuru, iyo, sezvo zviyero zvinokura, zvinosunungurwa uye kana zvaoma zvinovhura.
Nokuda kwaro, chii chine chokuita nokukura, chinoitika pakati pemwedzi misere nemwedzi wepfumbamwe pashure pokunge yaiswa mukume, iyo inoitika apo chando chiri kupera.
Miti iyi inokura mumapoka mumakomo ane mwando, chikonzero chekuunganidza uku ndechekuti nenzira iyi inozvidzivirira kubva kumhepo yakadzika zvakanyanya uye mhepo ine simba. Miti iyi inogona kuonekwa kubva kuOregon kuenda kuCalifornia munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba.
Inotsanangurwa sechisikwa chipenyu chakareba kwazvo munyika, zvisinei, yakanga isiri nguva dzose seizvi, kare eucalyptus nemiti yefir yakapfuura iyo yakakwirira, asi nhasi izvi hazvionekwi nekukwirira kwakadaro.
Pane chimwe chinhu chinoda kuziva pamusoro pemiti iyi uye ndechokuti inokura iri pedyo, imwe pedyo neimwe, sokunge inotsamirana, asi chokwadi ndechokuti ine mudzi wakafanana, wakakura mukukura kusiyana nemiti yacho. Miti ine midzi mishomaZvisinei, kana mumwe wavo akafa, akatemwa kana kuti chimwe chinhu chakafanana, mamwe anoramba achikura, achipa mumwe nomumwe muto pazvinenge zvakakodzera.
Mhando dze redwood
Kune akati wandei magenera emhando iyi yemuti, maviri ayo ane hukama nekure uye imwe inove yerudzi urwu, aya anotevera: Coast Sequoia, Giant Sequoia neMetasequoia, imwe neimwe ichatsanangurwa zvakadzama pazasi.
Kana iri yekutanga, iyo, iyo tsvuku sequoia, nesayenzi inozivikanwa seSequoia sempervirens, yakati neimwe nzira, iyi ndiyo yepakutanga, yakafanana neyechokwadi, rimwe zita iro rinozivikanwa naro ndiCalifornia sequoia, kunyanya nekuda kwayo. nzvimbo, kunyanya pamhenderekedzo yeNorth America Pacific.
Munharaunda iyi inogona kuwanikwa pahurefu hunosvika mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri emamita pamusoro pegungwa, asi kunewo mamwe akadzika, anosvika mamita makumi matatu chete pamusoro pegungwa.
Muti uyu unogona kusvika zviuru zvitatu nemazana maviri emakore ehupenyu uye unosvika kureba kwemamita anopfuura zana.
Zvadaro, iyo hofori sequoia yakataurwa, iyi inogona kuwanikwawo muCalifornia, asi yakananga kuSierra Nevada, zita iro rinonyanya kuzivikanwa naro ndi "velintonia", rudzi urwu rwunopfuurawo zana mamita pakureba.
Kana iri nzvimbo yaro, inogona kuwanikwa pamatunhu akakwirira pamusoro pegungwa, kubva pasingaite churu nemazana mana emamita kusvika pakakwirira zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu emamita pamusoro pegungwa. Ukuwo, nduramo yavo, kufanana neyakare, inosvika makore 3000 3200 neXNUMX XNUMX.
Pakupedzisira, kune Metasequoia, iyo inonzi nesayenzi Metasequoia glyptostroboides.
- Kusiyana neiyo yapfuura, iyi inokura nekukurumidza
- Inodonha
- Kureba kwayo, kwatova padanho rekukura, kunenge makumi mana neshanu metres, uye hunde yayo ichava nedhayamita yemamita maviri.
- Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kuvasiyanisa ndechekuti mavambo avo haasi kuNorth America asi muAsia kondinendi, kunyanya kuChina, kunyange zvazvo nguva dzinoverengeka dzakapfuura, kunyanya muPaleocene, vaigarawo kuMexico uye kuDakota. United States..
- Hatigoni kukundikana kutaura kuti izvi zvinonyanya kushanduka, kureva kuti, zviri kupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo, sezvo mamiriro ekunze asingavakanganisa zvakanyanya, ndicho chikonzero chinogona kuonekwa mumapindu.
Nzvimbo uye ecology
Idzi dziri pamhenderekedzo yePacific yeNorth America, inzvimbo yakareba uye nhete munzvimbo iyi, iyo inenge makiromita mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu.
Idzi dziri mumakomo iwawo uko kune kunaya kwakawanda, sezvo kuri uko kuine mwando wakawanda, ndokusaka epamusoro-soro ari uko kunopfuura nehova.
Makwati avo akanyanya kukora, izvo zvinovabatsira zvakanyanya, sezvo zvinozvidzivirira kubva kune zvipembenene zvinokuvadza, pamwe nekukuvadza kungavakonzereswa nekenduru. Pamahombekombe muti wekare une zviuru zviviri nemazana maviri emakore.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kukura Sequoia?
Pane zvishoma zvakataurwa pamusoro pekukura kwemuti uyu munyaya yose uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukonzera kuda kuziva muvanhu pavanosangana kana kuona muti uyu, nokuti nguva zhinji kana iwe uine mukana wekuona imwe uye iyo. yakakura zvakanyanya uye yakafara, zvinoreva kuti yatova nemazana emakore yavapo.
Zvichienderana nekukura kwayo, zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa nguva dzese, kunyanya chokwadi cheiyo genetics yeichi chipenyu, pamwe chete nezvakabatana nemamiriro ekunze mazvinokura, ivhu, kushanduka kwetembiricha, kunyanya isati yasvika. kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uko nyika yaona kwemakore akawanda, zvipembenene nezvirwere zvinogona kuvarwisa zvinofungwawo.
Asi kana muti uyu usina kutarisana nekuchinja uku, kana zvirwere, asi uchikura mumamiriro ezvinhu akadzikama maererano nehupenyu hwayo, ipapo hunde yawo ichaumbwa mumakore anenge makumi maviri.
Yakawanda sei sequoia inokura mugore?
Zvatataura pamusoro apa, chokwadi kunetseka kunobva pakuti muti werudzi urwu unosvika pakareba sei mukufamba kwegore, mhinduro kune iyi ndeyekuti unochinja, asi kana kushanduka kunoonekwa, unogona kuita zvingangoita masendimita maviri. kana yakamira zvakanaka, pasina kana dambudziko, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti munguva yechando miti iyi inomisa basa rayo.
Zvingave kuti kana ivhu rakasimwa muti uyu rakagadzirwa nguva dzose, kukura kwayo kuchaitika nokukurumidza.
Pakati pezvinhu zvinonzi nenyanzvi zvinogona kushandiswa pane izvi compost, iyo iwe unogona kuita kubva kumba kwako nezvinhu zvehupenyu zvakadai semarara ezvokudya, asi unogonawo kushandisa guano; uyewo mune chimwe chezvikamu zvinotevera kutarisira kwake kunosimbiswa.
Ndeipi Sequoia yakakura kwazvo munyika?
Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinonyanya kuda kuziva pamusoro pemuti uyu, nokuti vazhinji vangada kukwanisa kuona imwe uye sei kwete iyo yakareba kupfuura iyo, iyo isingaregi kushamisa avo vane mukana wekuishanyira, iyo inogona kuwanikwa ikozvino muCalifornia. inova nzvimbo yavakabva.
Kuti uone muti uyu, ungave uchigara mudunhu kana uri kushanya semushanyi, uchafanirwa kushanyira paki iri munzvimbo inonzi Redwood, muSan Francisco kuchamhembe. Kureba kwayo kunosvika zana nemakumi matanhatu emamita, kusvika zvino ndiyo yakareba kupfuura dzose, rudzi rwayo ndiSequoia sempervirens.
Saizvozvo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa imwe yenhengo dzayo dzakatanhamara, asi mune iyi nyaya ndeyeimwe mhuka uye inonzi Sequoiadendron giganteum, iyi iri zvakare mudunhu reCalifornia, asi mune imwe paki, iyo inonzi Sequoia National Park, Vanotova nezita uye ndiGeneral Sherman, saka kana iwe ukashanyira nzvimbo uye iwe uchida kuonana naye zvakajeka, saka bvunza mumwe munhu kubva panzvimbo kuti akutore iwe zvakananga ikoko.
Nyanzvi dzinoti iyi ndiyo ine biomass yakawanda kwazvo pasi rose, nekuti hunde yayo yakakura kwazvo uye inosvika gumi nerimwe metres muhupamhi uye kureba kwayo ingangoita makumi masere nemana metres, zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti matavi ayo akareba, anenge. mamita makumi mana.
Mienzaniso yakakora
Miti yakawanda yemiti iyi inotaurwa pazasi zvichienderana nekukora kwayo, mazita ayo, kureba kwayo nekukora kwayo kuchataurwa:
Yekutanga iri muJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, muCalifornia, iyo inosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere metres kureba uye dhayamita 7.9 metres, zita rayo rakarasika Monarch.
Inotevera ndiyo Fusion Giant, iri muRedwood National Park zvakare muCalifornia, kureba kwayo inopfuura zvishoma zana nemamita matanhatu, nepo ukobvu hwayo hunosvika 6.8 metres muhupamhi.
Inotevera inowanikwawo muJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, muchiitiko ichi kureba kwayo kunosvika 91,5 metres uye ukobvu hwayo hwakareba 6.25 metres, iyi inonzi Lluvatar.
Inotevera ndiyo North Titan, zvakare iri muJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, kureba kwayo kuri 93.6 metres uye dhayamita iri 7.3 metres.
Zvakare muJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, ndiyo inodaidzwa kuti Howland Hill Giant, 100,6 metres kureba, asi yakaderera kupfuura mamwe asara 5.85 metres muhupamhi.
Wekupedzisira pane rondedzero ndiSir Isaac Newton, ari muPrairie Creek Redwoods State Park.
Ndezvipi zvinovanetsa?
Vanhu vazhinji vanoda kuve nemhando yemuti uyu, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hunoshamisa, nekuda kweizvi zvinodikanwa kuti uve nenzvimbo huru kunyanya, uko kune nzvimbo kuitira kuti igadziriswe pasina chero chipingamupinyi, kana iwe uchitova neizvi pakutanga. chinhu chasara chinenge chakareruka, sezvinoratidzwa pazasi:
Nzvimbo yauchadyara panofanira kunge iri zuva rasvika, asi inofarirawo mumvuri, kana iri ivhu rauchaiisa panofanira kunge iine organic matter inokwana, kureva kuti haifanirwe kuva. yakaoma , sezvo ichida humidity kuti iite, inofanirawo kuva nemvura yakakwana.
Kudiridza muti wako, kuwanda kunofanira kunge kuri pakati nepakati, kwete kunonoka kana kukurumidza kana iri zhizha, zvino kudiridza kanenge kana pasvondo, sezvo iyi ndiyo nguva inopisa kwazvo yegore, inofanira kuderedzwa nekuti mamiriro ekunze anowanzo kunyorova.
Munguva yechando inotanga kusunungura mhodzi dzayo, iyo inofanira kuiswa mufiriji kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, izvi kana iwe uchida kuwedzera uye kuva nemuenzaniso wakawanda.
Kuberekwa kweSequoia
Izvi zvinoitika zvese pabonde uye sexually, ndosaka clones inomera. Miti iyi inotanga kubereka mbeu kana yasvika makore gumi kana gumi nemashanu, zvisinei, kashoma kuti ibereke.
sumo yekugadzira
Kunyange zvazvo miti iyi yakaberekerwa kuUnited States, yakaunzwa kuEurope kuEurope kuma1800, ndicho chikonzero mhuka iyi inogona kuonekwa mumapaki akasiyana-siyana mukondinendi ino. Somuenzaniso muCantabria neGalicia.
