Mujaho wemuchadenga munguva yeCold War pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union wakatora shanduko inoshamisa. Musi waChikumi 21, 1969, Neil Armstrong ndiye aive munhu wekutanga pamwedzi. inokwanisa kubudirira kutsika pamusoro pesetiraiti. Nenzira iyi, nyika yeNorth America yakahwina mutambo mukuru wechess vachipokana nevaikwikwidza vayo.
Iwe unogona zvakare kufarira chinyorwa chedu: Ziva nzvimbo nhatu dzekupedzisira dzinotangwa uye mapurojekiti avo!
Neil Armstrong, hupenyu hwemuenzaniso kumunhu wekutanga pamwedzi
Akazvarwa muWapakoneta, musi waNyamavhuvhu 5, 1930, Neil Armstrong yakanga iri muvimbisi woupenyu hwakazara nokuremekedzwa kwezvitupa. Pamusoro pezvo, aive murume ane muenzaniso wakanyanya, akazvipira kunzvimbo yese yaaishanda saizvozvi. Nenzira iyoyo, akatakura zita reinjiniya yemuchadenga, pamwe nekuve chikamu chemauto semutyairi wehondo.
Kunobva: Google
Armstrong zvakare ane chitupa chakasimbiswa semutyairi webvunzo ane ruzivo, pamwe napurofesa weyunivhesiti. Uye, sokunge kuti izvo zvakanga zvisina kukwana, icing pakeke nokuda kwokutangazve kunobwinya ikoko ndiko kuva munhu wokutanga pamwedzi.
Upenyu hwake hwaizivikanwa nokusagadzikana kwenguva dzose uye kuchinja kukuru kwakavakirwa pane zvaaidavira kuti zvakarurama. Sezvo achishingaira kutora chikamu muHondo yeKorea kusvika vagadzira chikamu chemuviri wevanoshuvira kune iyo space agency sekudaro.
Mushure mekutsungirira kwake, akasarudzwa muna 1962 kuti abatanidze boka remuchadenga, pamwe nenjere dzake dzisingaperi. Armstrong haana kuzeza kunyoresa kuti ave nenzvimbo mumapurojekiti epamusoro eNASA uye ane shungu. Kufarira kwake kwakakurumidza kumuita kuti abudirire pakarepo.
Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, akagadzwa semutungamiriri wemamishinari makuru maviri emuchadenga. Wekutanga, akapinda muGemini 8 muna 1966, achiva murume wekutanga muchadenga akadaro. Uye, yechipiri, mukati meApollo 11, ngarava yakakwanisa kumhara pamwedzi nekushanda kwakakwana.
Panguva iyoyo, Neil Armstrong akava chikamu chezvakanakisa zvenhoroondo, semunhu wekutanga pamwedzi. Chinhu chisingafungidzike zvachose chenguva iyoyo yenhoroondo pasina kupokana.
Chronology ye "munhu wekutanga pamwedzi". Apollo 11 yakaitika sei?
Muna 1969, chinangwa che NASA uye kubva kuUnited States kwakanyatsojeka, gadza munhu pamwedzi pakarepo. Zvaizivikanwa kuti chiitiko chehukuru hwakadaro hachikwanisi kuitwa pasina zvakanakisisa, saka zvakanakisisa zvakagadzirirwa.
Kuvandudzwa kweApollo 11 spacecraft kwakarongedzwa nemainjiniya makuru kuti vawane mhedzisiro inoshanda. Uyezve, vaivimba nemisheni ichangoburwa, kuunganidza data uye mafomula chaiwo kuti vasvike pamhedziso inogutsa. Mupfungwa iyi, dhizaini uye zvikamu zvemuchadenga zvaive zvakakosha pakubudirira kwehushumiri.
Asati ave munhu wekutanga pamwedzi, Neil Armstrong akanga atoita imwe ngarava yepurogiramu yeGemini. Kutenda kusimba rake rakasimba uye rakasimbiswa nezita remunhu wekutanga mudenga, akawana mukana wekuraira Apollo 11. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, tariro yevanhu yekuwana dzimwe nyika yakazorora pamapfudzi ake.
Zvakadaro, kunyangwe huremu hwenzvimbo yakadaro hwaive hukuru kupfuura hupenyu hwake, Armstrong akabudirira kumhara pamwedzi. Chokwadi, zvese zvinoita sezviri nyore, asi muchokwadi, kune ketani yezviitiko zvakabatanidzwa izvo zvakakodzera kutaurwa.
Kuburitswa kwakajeka uye chaiko kweApollo 11
Danho rekutanga kukunda mwedzi, kwaiva kuita rwendo runoshanda uye rusina mhosva zvachose. Nokuda kweizvi, kupomba kwemafuta kune module yechikepe, yakatanga kusvika mazuva matatu zvisati zvaitika. Iyi nzira yakatsanangura nguva inosvika maawa masere isati yatanga, ichisimbisa hungwaru hwechiitiko.
Musi waChikunguru 16, 1969, Neil Armstrong, pamwe naEdwin Aldrin naMichael Collins, vakakwanisa kusunda ngarava kusvika panzvimbo chaipo. Apollo, yakasungirirwa kuSaturn V space rocket, yasvika simba rayo rekudzima, yakatora ndege kubva kuCape Canaveral. Chiitiko ichi chakatepfenyurwa paterevhizheni nekutepfenyurwa pasi rose, zvichiratidzawo chiitiko chikuru paterevhizheni.
Rwendo rwakaoma kubva kuPasi kuenda kumwedzi satellite
Danho rechipiri rokuva munhu wokutanga pamwedzi raiva rokugadzirira Apollo rwendo. Mupfungwa iyoyo, yaifanira kuramba yakamira, ichitenderera Pasi, ukuwo iwo ekupedzisira akakwenenzverwa. Ndiko kuti, iyo mafuta level yakatariswa, navigation systems uye nzira yekutevera.
Zvinhu pazvaive mugwara uye nekutenderera kwayo kwechipiri kwePasi, Apollo akatanga rwendo rwekuenda kuMwedzi. Achiverenga matani nematani emafuta mureactor yake yechitatu, akakwanisa kufambira mberi kusvika aipfupisa. Armstrong nekambani yakazofanira kuita gadziriso dzinodiwa kuti ityaire module kwayaienda.
Pakupedzisira mwedzi uchimhara
Rimwe rematambudziko ane chekuita nekumhara kwemwedzi, akazorora pamusoro pekuti kumhara pamusoro pe satellite. Kudzora sipidhi kwaikosha zvikuru, sezvo simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvaigona kupesvedzera nzira yacho.
Zvisinei, musi waChikunguru 20, 1969, Armstrong, Aldrin naCollins vakawana chimwe chinhu icho, kusvika nhasi, chakanga chisingabviri. Vakatora matanho ekutanga pamwedzi uye, sezvakataurwa naArmstrong, zvaimiririra kusvetuka kukuru kwevanhu.
Kukosha kwemurume pamwedzi. Zvairevei kusayenzi?
Kunobva: Google
Chokwadi chekumhara pamwedzi ndiko kukosha kukuru kwekutanga kwekuvapo kwemunhu pamwedzi. Zvakadaro, yaingova muromo wechando mugungwa remikana. Panguva ino, chaimiririra kukwanisa kwemunhu kuenda kune dzimwe nyika apo kushanda pamwe chete kunowanikwa.
Mukuwedzera, nekuisa munhu pamwedzi, vakakwanisa kubvisa mu-munhu zvinhu uye kukosha kwepamusoro. Nenzira iyi, mupiro wakaitwa mukunzwisisa kwekuvandudzwa kwemwedzi, pamwe nekuumbwa kwayo.
Nzendo dzeApollo uye, kunyanya nekuda kweArmstrong, Vakasimudza mureza kumusoro zvakanyanya maererano neaeronautics. Zvisinei, hapana mubvunzo kuti, mune ramangwana, munhu acharamba achienderera mberi. Ingori nyaya yenguva yekutevedzera zvakaitwa naArmstrong nekambani panguva iyoyo.
