The Protective Buddhist Goddess
Buddhism inoenderana nedzidziso yehuzivi uye yezvemweya, uye inoonekwa nevakawanda senzira chaiyo yedzidziso yakashandiswa naBuddha. Kune vakawanda, chinorangarirwa sechitendero asiwo sangano reuzivi rine pfungwa dzakarongwa kuti vanhu vasununguke mupfungwa. Vane basa rekushandisa kufungisisa, kusunungurwa, uye munamato kuti vawane kujekeswa kwemweya hazvibvi pakutevera Mwari chaiye kana mwari.
Buddhism chitendero chemavambo echiHindu chakatanga nemaitiro ekufambisa akaitwa naBuddha, achipa dzidziso dzakasiyana dzehuchenjeri muIndia yose. Nokufamba kwenguva, chiBuddha chakava chimwe chezvitendero zvinotevedzwa zvikuru muIndia uye parizvino chiri kufarirwa zvikuru pasi rose, chichishandisa marudzi matatu emhepo dzinozivikanwa seTerevada (mafungu ekare nezvitendero zvekare), Mahyana (anoshandisa dzidziso dzacho senzira yokusimbisa nayo) uye Vajrayana (muitiro wazvino uno nekushandiswa kwevamwari nemano).
Pakati pevamwe vamwari vanotanhamara muchiBuddha samwarikadzi anodzivirira, Tara anotanhamara, mwarikadzi anodzivirira wechiBuddha, anowirirana namwari wechikadzi anobva kuVajrayana yazvino, achiva ane ukama chose chose nechiTantric Buddhism. Tara zvinoreva muponesi uye mudziviriri, anoonekwawo saamai verusununguko, uye anomiririra hunhu hukuru hunofanira kushandiswa mukubudirira kwebasa uye akasiyana maitiro. Tara inomiririra zita rekare reseti yeBuddha inopa zvakafanana, inoteverwa zvakanyanya neTibetan Buddhism.
Mafomu makuru eBuddhism
Buddhism yave ichizivikanwa seyakanyanya iconographic yechitendero uye yehuzivi, ine nhamba huru yematemberi nemamongi ane zvidhori nemadziro akafukidzwa neakapendi akasiyana, achisimbisa akasiyana siyana eBuddha maererano nekutenda uye maitiro. Pakati payo pane mifananidzo yamwarikadzi wechiBuddha anodzivirira, Tara, ane marudzi makuru akasiyana-siyana anoteverwa zvikuru, anoremekedzwa uye anozivikanwa.
- Śyāmatārā (Rima Muponesi): Iye anozivikanwawo seGreen Tara, achizviratidzira sechinhu chakavhenekerwa uye icho chinogona kutsigira kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana, kuve imwe yemifananidzo inotevedzwa uye inoremekedzwa.
- Sitatārā (White Savior), anozivikanwawo seWhite Tara, anoremekedzwa zvakanyanya pamwe chete neGreen Tara, inomiririra tsitsi, kugadzikana uye kuporesa, uye inotsvakwawo zvakanyanya kutakura vhiri rekuzadzisa chishuwo (Chinta-Chakra).
- Kurukulla: inopawo zita reRed Tara, iyo inonzi inoratidzira mhirizhonga, ichinyatsobatanidzwa nesimba rekukwezva mari uye vakaroorana.
- Black Tara: Anoonekwa seane hasha, ane hukama zvachose nesimba.
- Yellow Tara: inoonekwa sesora rehupfumi uyezve nebudiriro.
- Blue Tara: inozivikanwawo seEkajati, yakabatana zvizere nekuchinjisa kwehasha.
- Chintámani Tara: inogona kuvhiringika, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muTantra Yoga inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muTibetan Buddhism, inogona kuvhiringika neGreen Tara.
- Khadirevani Tara: Anozivikanwa seTara yeAcacia Forest, uyo akaita chitarisiko muSouth India.
Zvikoro zveTibetan zvine basa rekuratidza kuti kune makumi maviri nerimwe anomiririra manhamba eTara, anoiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzezviitiko, kunyanya 21 mhando dzinoratidzwa dzinomiririrwa nemavara adzo: yekutanga sePeacemaker (White Tara), yechipiri seanowedzeredza (Yellow Tara), wechitatu semukundi (Red Tara) uye wechina seakatsamwa (Black Tara). Iwo anoonekwa seakanyanya kupatsanura ayo Tara nhamba anayo.
Emergence saBhudha huMwari
Buddha anomirira shoko rechiSanskrit rinoreva “anomutswa,” rinoenderana nomurume akasiya mafaro oupenyu kuti azvipire kukufungisisa uye kubatsira varombo. Nokufamba kwenguva, akasvika pahuchenjeri hwepamusoro-soro hunozivikanwa seNirvana uye naizvozvo akatanga rwendo rwokuenda kunzvimbo tsvene nomuIndia kuti atsanangure kufamba kwazvino kweBuddhism. Mushure mekufa kwake, Buddhism yakava chitendero muIndia yose, ine zvidhori nezviyeuchidzo zviri kuvakwa muzita rake, zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira Tara.
MuTibetan Buddhism, Tara mumiriri wechikadzi waBuddha asi zvakare chikamu chechiratidzo cheBuddhism. Pane nyaya dzakawanda dzinozivikanwa maererano naTara; Pakati pavo, zvinooneka kuti akaberekwa kubva mumisodzi yaChenrezing (Buddha wetsitsi). Uyu Bhudha anopomerwa kutungamirira vanhu vose kubva mu<em>samsara, asi pane imwe nguva akanzwa simba rake richipera nokuda kwekuoma kwekutungamira munhu mumwe nomumwe; Zvisinei, akavanzwira tsitsi zvokuti akatanga kuvachema.
Panguva yaakatanga kuchema, akanzwa kurwadziwa kukuru netsitsi kuvanhu misodzi iya payakasvika pasi, Taras chena neruvara rwakasvibira, uyo akamutsigira uye akamupa simba rokuita basa rake. Naizvozvo, mukutenda kweTibetan, Tara anorangarirwa mangwanani oga oga saamai vaBuddha, avo vane basa rokutungamirira vanhu vose vakavhenekerwa.
Tara anoonekwa semuponesi, kwaanoratidzwa sehumwari anotarisira kuteerera kuchema kwese kwevanhu kana vanhu vanonzwa kurwadziwa kana nhamo muSamsara (kutenderera kwehupenyu hunomiririra kuzvarwa, hupenyu nerufu). Pakati pezana ramakore rechi 6, akagamuchirwa nePala Empire kupinda muboka ravaBuddha, richimuziva seBodhisattva (nzira yaBuddha), achigamuchira zita ramai mwarikadzi pamwe chete nezvimwe zviratidziro zvina.
Munguva yekuonekwa kwePrajñāpāramitā-sūtra, inoenderana neseti yezvinyorwa zvakagamuchirwa neMahayana Buddhist ikozvino, apo musimboti wechikadzi unonongedzwa uye apo kutaridzika kwekutanga kwaTara kunoonekwa saamai vehuchenjeri hwakakwana uye gare gare vanomuratidza setsitsi dzakakwana, zvakare achiratidza saamai veese maBuddha, riri izwi rimwe reruremekedzo rwekuzvidzwa, risingaremekedzwe neruremekedzo.
Kutaura kwakasiana-siana kwouyu mwarikadzi wechiBuddha anodzivirira ane chokuita chose chose nounhu hwaamai hunowirirana zvakananga netsitsi nengoni. Nekufamba kwenguva, Tara akave mwari aizivikanwa nevanhu nekuda kwekureruka kwake pakunamata pasina kupindira kwemamongi, kunyanya kune vanhuwo zvavo veIndia, achive akakurumbira uye anoremekedzwa zvakanyanya pakati pe7th century. Yakachengetwa nekutyisa kukuru muTibet neMongolia, mufananidzo unozivikanwa pakati pevashandi vawo.
Tara seMuponesi
Mufananidzo waTara unoonekwa seumwe wekutaura kwechiBhudha nekubatana kukuru kwechikadzi, ichionekwa seimwe yekukurudzira kwechikadzi kwechisiko chapose pose uye nokuda kwemufananidzo wake saAmai Vetsitsi. Tsika yehumwari uyu inowanzobatanidzwa nekuzvarwa kwehukama uye inobatanidzwawo nekuderedzwa kwekarma yakaipa iyo inogona kutambudza vanhu vakasiyana. Nokudaro, unhu hwayo hwakanyanya uye maitiro anomiririra uye anozivikanwa zvikuru.
Muchiitiko ichi, Green Tara inomira pachena, uyo ane basa rekupa rubatsiro uye kudzivirirwa kwakasiyana-siyana kune marudzi ese emamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuve anosuruvarisa muSamsara yevanhu. Panyaya yeWhite Tara, anoratidzwa nekugara achiratidzira rudo rwaamai uye manzwiro akasiyana etsitsi, saka, ane basa rekupa kuporeswa kune zvisikwa zvakasiyana zvakakuvara, zvese mumuviri uye mupfungwa.
Munyaya yeRed Tara, inozivikanwawo seKurukula, ndiyo tara ine hukama nekuziva uye inokonzera kusarura kwakasiyana-siyana kwakagadzirwa zviitiko uye zvakare kushandura chishuwo chakasvibirira murudo rwechokwadi netsitsi. Kune zvakare iyo Blue Tara, inozivikanwa seEkayati, inoratidzwa nekupa simba rakanyanyisa uye rinotyisa, richishandiswa zvakanyanya kuparadza zvipingamupinyi, zvakare rakamira semudziviriri wedzinza reNyingma, rinoenderana nevarairidzi vekutanga veBuddhism muTibet.
Tara seTantric Divinity
Hunhu hwaTara semuponesi hunobatanidza huwandu hwakawanda hwehunhu, zvichinyanya kuratidza rudo rwake kuvanhu uye kuzvipira kwake kuvanhu. Kune nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzinomukomberedza nehunhu hwakasiyana, uye kune ngano dzakasiyana dzinomumiririra sehumwari hwetantric, uyo anomiririra tsika yemuviri, inozivikanwa seyekukurumidza track uye inoonekwa senzvimbo iyo Buddha akawana kujekeswa kukuru, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi anoonekwa sehumwari hweyoga, kunyanya kune vhezheni yeKurukula (Red Tara).
Kune nyaya dzakasiyana siyana; Muchiitiko ichi, aionekwa sehumwari nekuda kwaPadmasambhava, Yeshe Tsogyal (Mambokadzi weLake uye Uchenjeri). Murume akakumbira mambokadzi wegungwa nehuchenjeri kuti avanze pfuma huru kubva kwaari; Nekufamba kwenguva pfuma yakawanikwa zvakare, uye hutsvene hwenguva yacho hwakazvarwa patsva muSakya Trizin uye iyo meseji yakabudirira kuendeswa kuhutsvene hwenguva yacho, ichiiparadzira kuvadzidzi vakasiyana-siyana vekuMadokero.
Miitiro Yomudzimu
MuBuddhism, sadhanas inosanozivikanwa, iyo inowirirana senzira yekuwana chimwe chinhu chakananga, ichinyatsozivikanwa seyogic tsika, apo inoreva mirairo yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa kuita imwe tsika. Chinangwa chikuru ndechokuwana zivo yomudzimu pamwe chete nokuvhenekerwa. Pakati pemamwe maitiro ayo akajairika kufungisisa uye zvakare kuimba mantras yakatsaurirwa kuna mumwe mwari.
Muchiitiko ichi zvinofanirawo kucherechedzwa kuti muVajrayana Buddhism kuguma Yidam kunoshandiswa, kuva hunhu semunhu anovhenekerwa, iri iyo pfungwa huru yekufungisisa iyo inogona kushandiswa kune murapi, muchidimbu, inoenderana nehumwari uyo munhu ari kufungisisa. Panyaya yevashandi nevateveri, ivo vane basa rekushandisa Tara seyidam mumaitiro avo akasiyana esadhana, angave akareba kana mapfupi.
Kazhinji, seti yeminamato inoshandiswa kukumbira kana kuita huvepo hwehumwari huripo, saka, zvakakosha kuita rwiyo semantra yake, saka humwari hunofanirwa kuoneswa zvakateerana, mune iyi nyaya Tara, neruvara uye chimiro chakasiyana chaunoda kukumbira, nekuti chimiro chega chega cheTara chine hunhu uye basa.
Ipapo munhu anofanira kuenderera mberi nekutaura zvakanaka uye nekuzvitsaurira kuna mwari akasarudzwa nemumwe wevanhu vanonzwa kudiwa kwezvishuwo. Mamwe emasadhanas ehumwari Tara anogona kutorwa sekuvhura kana maitiro ekutanga eicho chinonzi Vajrayana Buddhist kutenda. Izvi zvinongoitika kana iwe uine yakanaka yekuona yehumwari kuitira kuti uve nedzidziso dzepamusoro dzine hukama neBuddhism.
Kukosha
Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti panguva yekusikwa kweiyi mwarikadzi anodzivirira wechiBhudha seYidam yetsika, panguva yekutanga, anofanira kuonekwa sechinhu chaicho, asiwo semamwe maonero epfungwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kudzokorora mantras uye kuzviona semufananidzo wetsitsi uye uchenjeri. Mushure menguva yekudzidzira, iwe unofanirwa kugovera humwe hunhu hune basa rekumiririra.
Kana marudzi aya ekubatanidza agadzirwa, anova asingaparadzanisiki kubva kune yidam, uye nguva imwe neimwe sadhana inoitwa, inova yakanyanya kusimba uye yakakura, ichitsvaga kuratidza pachena, ichibuda hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana hwemurarabungu, nguva dzose iine humwari Tara sechiono uye kuramba iyo yakajairwa "Ini".
Pakupedzisira, chinangwa ndechekukwanisa kuve mumwe nehumwari uye kunyungudika muchimiro chakasikwa, chinogona kunzi "kuzvimiririra" asi chakasikwa zvichibva papfungwa uye chinogona kushaya chero hupenyu hwenguva refu, uripo chete apo kudzidziswa kwekufungisisa nekudzidzira kwave kuchiitwa. Kuburikidza nenhanho iyi yekufungisisa, murapi anokwanisa kusvika pamatanho akasiyana-siyana, achibvumira kubatana neasina, asiwo nechiedza.
Mhando iyi yekudzidzira ine zvinangwa zvakasiyana, ingave zvemweya kuti utange kuonana namwari, asi zvakare inoshandiswa kuvhura mafundo e chakra kana inozivikanwawo senzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepfungwa, zvese izvi kuti zvikwanise kubvumidza simba kuyerera mumuviri wese nemazvo uye pasina kukanganisa, zvese izvi zvinodiwa kuti ukwanise kufambira mberi nenzira yakadzama uye yepamusoro.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPjvxWi4ewE
Zvinocherechedzwa kuti sadhana yaTara inogona kuve isingaonekwe zvachose zviitiko zvinoitwa kuburikidza nemukati asiwo zvekunze zviitiko. Pane zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanangana nekuratidza chiitiko chinoitika, pakati pavo Divine Yoga yakanyorwa naDalai Lama inomira pachena, iyo ine basa rekuratidzira maitiro akasiyana etantric achishandisa mayidam akasiyana.
Pane mhedzisiro dzakasiyana pakushandisa Tara seyidam, pakati pavo tinogona kuratidza kuderedzwa kwemasimba echero karma yakaipa muhupenyu hwemunhu, iyo inogona kukanganisa zvirwere, kuunza marwadzo akasiyana uye kuunza zvipingamupinyi kuhupenyu hwavo, zvese izvi zvinonyudza. mumamiriro erima, kuburikidza nerudzi urwu rwechiitiko akasiyana mamiriro ekunze anogona kukuvadza zuva nezuva emunhu chero upi zvake anovandudzwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvinogona zvakare kukanganisa kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro epfungwa evarapi uyezve kubatsira kuchenesa nzira dzakasiyana dzepfungwa, zvichibvumira rupo kudzikamisa mweya uye kuchenesa pfungwa. Neiyi nzira, mirangariro yetsitsi, rupo, uye rudo zvinokurudzirwa kuyerera zvichibva mumwoyo, zvichibvumira mikoto yose kuzarurwa.
Minamato kuna Tara
Mufananidzo waTara unoonekwa seumwe wekutaura kwechiBhudha nekubatana kukuru kwechikadzi, ichionekwa seimwe yekukurudzira kwechikadzi kwechisiko chapose pose uye nokuda kwemufananidzo wake saAmai Vetsitsi. Tsika yehumwari uyu inowanzobatanidzwa nekuzvarwa kwehukama uye inobatanidzwawo nekuderedzwa kwekarma yakaipa iyo inogona kutambudza vanhu vakasiyana. Nokudaro, unhu hwayo hwakanyanya uye maitiro anomiririra uye anozivikanwa zvikuru.
Kune huwandu hukuru hweminamato uye minamato yakasimudzwa kuna Tara inodzokororwa panguva dzekufungisisa, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa ndeaya anoratidzwa pazasi:
Honorable Tara, ndinokutetererai imi mose nevarindi venyu.
kuti unorangarira norudo vimbiso yako yenguva yakapfuura
uye ndisunungure kutya kwangu neizvo zvezvisikwa zvose.
Inobvisa mafungiro erima mukutarisana nenhamo.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anowirirana ngaabudirire
uye tipeiwo akajairika uye akakwirira siddhis ['masimba epfungwa'].
om tare tu tare ture soja.
Tara Kuan Yin
Buddha ndiye mufananidzo mukuru unoteverwa neBuddhism, uye kune yakakura seti yemharidzo inoratidzira kune dzakasiyana siyana uye mharidzo inoteverwa nemhepo dzechiBuddha Pakati pavo, Tara Kwan Yin inomira pachena, inoenderana neimwe yeshanduro dzechikadzi Buddha dzinozivikanwa uye dzinotevedzwawo nekuda kwetsitsi dzavo huru.
Ane nhamba huru yevateveri vanotenda kuti Tara Kwan Yin akasvika pane imwe nguva yekuvhenekerwa uye akasarudza kuti aisakwanisa kuzvigamuchira, nokuti aida kugara nevanhu uye nenzira iyoyo kukwanisa kuvabatsira zvachose kuporesa mweya wavo. Nekuda kwezvose izvi, Reiki akazvarwa kubva kudzinza rakakosha rinozivikanwa seKun-Li, dzinza iri rinozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandisa kwakasiyana uko Tara Kwan Yin ari pakati paro, ari iye mumiriri mukuru wedzidziso dzayo dzese.
Akasiyana-siyana akakosha mantras kana tsika dzinoshandiswa kuwana iko kukumbira kwaTara Kwan Yin inozivikanwa se om tare tuttare ture suajá. Kuburikidza nerudzi urwu rwemantra, iyo 21 mifananidzo kana taras inozivikanwa muTibet nepasirese inokumbirwa.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chave chichibatsira, tinokusiira iwe anotevera malink kune zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinonyatsokufarira iwe: