Tinotaura nezvazvo mitambo yakanyorwa naFederico García Lorca, kubva kune yekutanga kusvika kune yekupedzisira, kubva pakukundikana kwayo kusvika kune yaanonyanyo budirira kubudirira.
Federico García Lorca aive munhu ane mukurumbira wechiSpanish, aiziva kunyora uye akaverengerwa muchizvarwa che'27. Imwe yeakakosha manhamba enguva yake maererano nenyika yakanyorwa.
Mitambo yakanyorwa naFederico García Lorca
Federico García Lorca aiva mudetembi wechiSpanish, munyori wemitambo uye munyori weprose, inosanganisirwa mukati me chizvarwa cha '27. Hapana mubvunzo kuti aive mumwe wevadetembi vakawana mukurumbira mukuru uye pesvedzero mu Spain yehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi20. Aizopondwa nedivi revapanduki kana Hondo yeVanhu veSpain yatanga.
Biography
Un Chikumi 5, 1898 Fuente Vaqueros (Granada) aizoona kuzvarwa kwemumwe weakanyanya kukosha manhamba. yezvaizove ramangwana rekunyora kweSpanish panorama. Akazvarwa gore iro Spain yakarasikirwa nemakoloni ayo kuna amai vanga vari mudzidzisi uye baba vaive nenzvimbo yakatsaurirwa kurima beet nefodya mubani.
Federico paakanga ava nemakore gumi nerimwe, mhuri yese, iyo yaisanganisira vabereki vake, mukoma wake uye hanzvadzi dzake mbiri Vakatama vakanogara muguta reGranada. Kuchinja ikoko kuguta kwakavhiringidzwa mukati mazhizha avakapedzera kumaruwa, muAsquerosa yekare uye nhasi Valderrubio. Kwaizova ikoko uko Federico aizonyora chikamu chinokosha chebasa rake. Aizosimbisa kuti: “Ndinoda nyika. Ndinonzwa ndakabatana naye mumanzwiro angu ose. Ndangariro dzangu dziri kure zvikuru ndichiri mudiki dzinoravira pasi" uye sechisungo icho chaive chakakosha kunyora Ropa Muchato.
Mumabasa ake ose, asi kunyanya munhetembo dzake, iye Zvinoratidza maonero aaiita tsika dzevanhu vekumaruwa. Hunhu hwenzvimbo yekumaruwa, nzvimbo iyo fungidziro uye kusikwa zvaive zvakawandisa sezvisikwa pachazvo, nzvimbo inobuda manzwiro emunhu sechishuwo, rudo kana rufu.
Federico akadzidza madhigirii muPhilosophy uye Tsamba uye Mutemo paYunivhesiti yeGranada. Panguva iyoyo kubva muna 1914 kusvika kunonzi kudzvova makore ekuma20, aizosangana nevamwe vechidiki vakangwara vepanguva yake ndokuenda kunzvimbo yaiungana vanhu. Nzvimbo dzekuunganira dzaive dzakajairika, apo vadiki nevasiri vadiki vakavhenekerwa nhamba kubva muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana senhetembo, zvinyorwa, hunyanzvi, zvematongerwo enyika, mimhanzi, utori venhau kana bhaisikopo vakasangana uye vakagovana zvavanofunga uye ruzivo.
Kutanga kwebasa rake reunyanzvi
Zvakanyanya kujairika, zvaive zvakare kune vese ava vanhu vakakodzera muchiitiko cheSpanish, kufamba uye kushanyira nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeSpanish asiwo kuenda kuFrance uko vazhinji vavo vaizosangana zvakare. Nevaaidzidza navo, akatamba rwendo rwokutanga nomuSpain urwo rwaizounza kudikanwa kwake kwokuzviratidzira kupfurikidza nokunyora, ndipo paizozvarwa bhuku rake rekutanga renganonyorwa: Maonero uye Mamiriro (1918).
MuMadrid Student Residence, kwaakagara kubva muna 1919, wakazova musangano wevazivi. Kuti vatipe pfungwa, vakapfuura nemo Albert Einstein kana Madame Curie. Vanhu vaiva nebasa rinokosha mumunyori pachake. Mamwe mavara enguva yake akadai iyo Calandino Luis Buñuel, Rafael Alberti kana Salvador Dalí aizopa mweya wekufema kuhupenyu hwemagariro eLorca. uye kwakamubvumira kudzivisa kufinhwa kwomufungo, chimwe chinhu chaivengwa nomunyori.
Nekusvika kwemakore gumi e "20s anodzvova" aizouya basa rake rekutanga remitambo: Kutuka shavishavi. Panenge panguva iyoyo, akasangana naManuel de Falla, munhu akakosha mune akati wandei mapurojekiti aLorca, achizvibatanidza mumimhanzi uye kuimba kweflamenco.
Theatre inotamba
Mitambo yaFederico García Lorca yakaziviswa pakati pa1920 na1936 asi. ramba uchimiririra nhasi muzvirongwa zvakawanda zvemitambo. Ngativazivei vese pazasi.
The Butterfly Kutuka (1919)
Musi waKurume 22, 1920, Eslava Theatre muMadrid yakaita mutambo wekutanga mutambo wekutanga wakanyorwa naFederico García Lorca. Yaingove neina chete uye mabhoo ainzwika mune ese. Kwaiva kukundikana.
Rugwaro rwaive pamusoro kuvhiringidzika, rudo uye rufu. Basa starring mapete uye mweya wenyaya yevana. Zvakadaro, dingindira rainge risiri revana, asi rinopedzisira rave dhirama remunhu.
Iwo anomiririra akagadzirwa aine zvidhori naRafael Barradas uye zvekushongedza naMignoni. Izvi zvakataura nyaya yevatambi vakati wandei kubva munharaunda yemapete uko Curianito anomira pachena nekuda kwedetembo rake vamwe vese vachimuramba nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho. Kuuya kweshavishavi rine bapiro rakatyoka uye rinofa kunomiririra shanduko mukufunga kwaCurianito pamusoro penyika sezvaanopenga mukuda nayo. Paanenge achizokumbira butterfly, anofa mukutamba uye anokonzera kufa kunosiririsa kwaCurianito.
Mariana Pineda (1925)
Basa raive yakanyorwa pakati pa1923 na1925 kunyange zvazvo kutanga kwayo mune imwe theatre kwakatora kusvika 1927. Pano, chinyoreso chaLorca chakauya kuzotitaurira nyaya inobva paupenyu hwaMariana de Pineda Muñoz, munhu anokosha mukupikisa kudzorerwa kweabsolutist muSpain muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Uyu ane makore makumi maviri nematanhatu okukura wekuGranada aive akatongerwa rufu munguva yehondo nokuda kwokudzivirira chikonzero chakasununguka. Mumba make makawanikwa mureza wairatidza mazwi anoti: rusununguko, kuenzana uye Mutemo, izvo zvakashanda seumboo hwekumupomera nekumupa mhosva.
Mugadziri weshangu anoshamisa (1926)
Mugadziri weshangu anoshamisa akapa svetuka kusvika pachikuva muna 1930 kuti atiudze imwe nyaya yaLorca. Pano, akanyura muwanano yekureruka, mukadzi anomanikidzwa kurwisa pakati pechokwadi chake nezvishuwo zvake. Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezvebasa iri pa.
Tinowana mavara matatu akakosha: mugadziri weshangu, murume wake nemwana. Mwana ndiye ega mutaundi anozogona kutaura naye mugadziri weshangu uye waanobata semwanakomana nekuti iye pachake haagone.
Murume wemugadziri weshangu anonyangarika uye chidhori chinosvika muguta, uyo, kunze kwekuvaraidza vanhu, anotanga ushamwari nemugadziri weshangu uye anoona kuti anosuwa murume wake. Mutambi anozoonawo, kana asuwawo mukadzi wake uye kuti anomuda sei nekuti ndiye chokwadi chemugadziri weshangu arikuzvivanza.
Rudo rwaDon Perlimplín naBelisa mubindu rake (1926)
Basa iri rinenge a drama pfupi iyo yaizoongororwa panguva yehudzvanyiriri hwePrimo de Rivera uye haina kuona kutanga kwayo kusvika 1933.
Don Perlimplín ndiye murume mukuru asingazive rudo anowira pamakumbo emhandara waanoroorana naye nechisimba. Iye, zvisinei, anowira murudo nomumwe murume. Mavara ese ari maviri anotiputira munjodzi ine hunyoro uye inoparadza panguva imwe chete.
Altarpiece yaDon Cristóbal (1930)
Iyo yeatari yeDon Cristóbal ndeye face ye puppet iyo inotitaurira kuti murume akapfuma uye ane hutsinye ari kutsvaga mukadzi wechidiki kuti ave mukadzi wake. Chimwe chinhu chinopindirana nezvishuwo zvaamai vaDoña Rosita avo vari kutsvaga musikana akanaka wemwanasikana wavo. Vese vachawirirana kuti vawane zvavanoda, zvichikonzera nhamo kune vamwe vose. Muchato uchaitwa kunyangwe Rosita achakwanisa kutiza murume wake ndokusangana nevadikani vake, akazozvara vana vashanu. Kubva ipapo mhere uye zvisina maturo zvichaenderera mberi munhoroondo yose.
Veruzhinji (1930)
Yakabudiswa makore 56 pashure pokunge yanyorwa, inorangarirwa imwe yemitambo yakakosha pachiitiko cheSpanish chezana ramakore rechi20.
Iri ibasa re surrealist uko, nemaune, hazvigoneke kuona kuti ndeapi mativi ari kuona uye kuti ndeapi zvikamu ichokwadi chinoshamisa. Nebasa iri inodzivirira kodzero yekusununguka kwepabonde paanenge achidzidza akadzvinyirirwa zvishuwo zvoungochani.
Veruzhinji, Saka makore mashanu anopfuura and the Untitled comedy Kune mabasa matatu anonzi the "Imba isingagoneki yeLorca", inoshanda apo surrealism inokunda.
Saka makore mashanu anoenda (1931)
Kushanda uko a nyaya yerudo nerufu, inosanganisirwa mukati me "zvisingagoneke theatre yeLorca".
The Typist yeLibhurari anozivisa rudo rwake rusina kufanira kuMukomana anotaura naMudhara, kubva ipapo. vatambi vakasiyana-siyana uye nyaya dzavo dzinotevedzana mune surreal toni.
Muchato Weropa (1932)
Njodzi mundima uye prose kuti Yaizoburitswa muna 1933 uye ikaitwa firimu muna 1938.. Rinotiudza ongororo yemanzwiro anosuruvarisa, akanangana sedingindira guru rehupenyu nerufu. Zvino, izvi zvese kubva munzira yemadzitateguru ekuzviona, uko ngano nengano, pamwe nenzvimbo dzeAndalusian dzinouya pamwe chete kuti dzitore isu kune imwe nzvimbo. nyika yokuchiva, godo, kutambudzwa uye rufu. Rudo rwuri chinhu chega chinogona kukunda chekupedzisira.
Barren (1934)
ngomwa zvinokwanisika kuti zviri pamwe chete Ropa Muchato mumwe wemitambo yaLorca inonyanya kuzivikanwa. Mariri, njodzi inoitika mumaruwa. Pamwe chete nezvakatotaurwa Ropa Muchato and with Imba yaBernarda Alba chikamu che "Lorca trilogy". Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve Imba yaBernarda Alba pane yedu webhusaiti.
Doña Rosita the Spinster kana Mutauro weMaruva (1935)
Basa iri raizova wokupedzisira uyo Lorca akaona aimiririra kubvira payakabudiswa pana December 13, 1935. Nayo, akagadzira nhambo itsva inoshamisa iyo ingadai yakapfuurira nemimwe misoro miviri: Zviroto zvomunun’una wangu Aurelia naMasisita eGranada. Mabasa andingadai ndisina kukwanisa kunyora.
Nekutamba uku anobva kure nemadhirama ekumaruwa obva atarisana nemutambo wenhoroondo.
Imba yaBernarda Alba (1936)
Iri basa raisazoona chiedza chezuva, kana kubudiswa kana kuratidzwa kusvika 1945 muBuenos Aires. Bernarda Alba, mushure mekufirwa kechipiri pazera re60, anosarudza kurarama makore masere anotevera mukuchema kwakanyanya.
Mubasa iri, Lorca inotsanangura zvakadzama Spain yezana ramakore rechi20, nzanga yechivanhu umo basa revakadzi riri rechipiri, pane kutya kuwana hukama hwepedyo uye chinamato chakapararira.
Untitled Comedy (isina kupera, 1936)
Iri basa raizoramba risina kupera nekufa kwaFederico García Lorca. Isu tinongoziva chiitiko chekutanga chemutambo uyu kubvira Akanga achinyora paakapondwa pakutanga kweSpain Civil War.
