Paunofunga nezverenje, mifananidzo yejecha risingaperi, tembiricha yakanyanyisa, uye kunoratidzika kunge kusina upenyu kunongoerekana kwauya mupfungwa. Nekudaro, kunyangwe nharaunda idzi dzichiita sedzisina mutsa pakutanga, chokwadi ndechekuti dzakapa a zvinoshamisa uye zvinoshamisa zvakagadziridzwa fauna kumamiriro ezvinhu ayo vakawanda vangaona seasingabviri, saka ngatidzidzei nezvedzimwe mhuka dzinogara murenje. Kure nekusava nharaunda dzisina chinhu, magwenga akazara nemhando dzemhuka dzakakura nzira dzekupona dzinoyemurika kuti zvibudirire munzvimbo dzine mvura nezvinomera zvishoma.
Tsvaga mhuka dzinogara murenje ndeyekupinda munyika yehungwaru hwekushanduka-shanduka, maitiro ekuda kuziva uye hunhu hwemuviri hwakagadzirirwa mumire pakupisa kwezuva, nechando chikuru chousiku. Muchinyorwa chino, tinopa kutarisa kwakadzama kwehupenyu hwemhuka dzemugwenga, kunyora mazita emhando dzemhando, kuongorora magadzirirwo adzo, uye kuburitsa zvakavanzika zvinovatendera kuti vagare mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaomarara paPasi.
Magwenga akaita sei uye matambudziko api aanoisa kumhuka?
Usati wanyura mumhuka, zvakakosha kunzwisisa mamiriro akanyanya zvinotarisana nemhuka murenje. Ecosystem idzi dzinoonekwa nemazuva kudzipwa, husiku chando, kunaya kwemvura kushoma zvikuru uye kuoma kunoganhurira zvinomera uye, naizvozvo, zvokudya. Izvo hazvina basa kuti vari muAfrica, Asia, America kana Oceania: vese vanogovana izvozvo kushomeka kwemvura uye tembiricha yakanyanyisa izvo zvinomanikidza mhuka dzadzo kuti dzigadzire zvakanangana kugadzirisa.
Naizvozvo, mhuka dzinogara mugwenga dzine maficha akatariswa akananga kune zvibodzwa zvikuru zviviri: dzivisa kupera mvura mumuviri y zvidzivirire kubva pakushanduka kwekushisa kamwe kamweAya mazano anozviratidza mumaitiro ehusiku, pekugara pasi pevhu, maitiro ehupenyu ekuchengetedza mvura, uye maitiro ekutiza zvikara kana kutsvaga chikafu mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka.
Mhando huru dzemhuka dzinogara mugwenga
Zvisikwa zvemugwenga zvakasiyana zvakanyanya, kubva mhuka y shiri vakakwira reptiles, zvipembenene y arachnidsBoka rega rega rakashanduka nenzira yaro yakasarudzika, richiratidzira repertoire yezvigadziriso zvinoshamisa. Pazasi, tinopa mimwe mienzaniso inonakidza yenzvimbo idzi, dzakarongwa nekirasi nemhuri.
Mhuka dzemugwenga: shasha dzekutsungirira
ari mhuka Ivo, pasina kupokana, rimwe remapoka anoorora zvikuru mumarenje. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvinosanganisira ngamera, the fenec gava, the coyote, the hungula kangaroo rat, the meerkat and the red kangaroo Australian. Vazhinji vavo vakava nehunhu husiku o rubvunzavaeni, izvo zvinoreva kuti basa ravo guru rinoitwa panguva yorubvunzavaeni, mambakwedza kana kuti pakati pousiku kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya.
Jinja
Kana ari kupona, simbisa kugona kwavo ku chengeta mvura y kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura. ari ngamera, semuenzaniso, inogona kufamba mazuva isina kunwa nekuda kwemafuta akachengetwa muhump yayo, nepo kangaroo rat Inokwanisa kutora mvura kubva muchikafu uye inogara mumakomba anochengetedza hunyoro. meerkats, nokuda kwavo, vakagadzira a social organisation yakaoma kugovera mabasa akadai sekutarisa uye kucherwa kwematanho matsva epasi pevhu.
Rondedzero yemhuka dzemugwenga dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa
- Camel: chiratidzo chemagwenga eAfrica neAsia, inomira kunze kwekusimba kwayo uye nehump yayo yakazara nemafuta (kwete mvura) inopa simba kana zviwanikwa zvishoma. Eyelashes dzayo refu nemhino dzakavharika dzinoidzivirirawo kubva kumadutu ejecha.
- Dromedary: yakafanana nengamera asi ine hump imwe chete. Zvakare kare kare yaishandiswa semhuka yepakiti.
- coyote: Typical of America, kunyanya kumagwenga ekuchamhembe, imhuka yakangwara, ine makushe anochinjika kune akasiyana tembiricha, uye kazhinji kacho usiku.
- Jinja: maitiro eAfrica, Asia, uye Europe. Inoumba mhuri dzakarongeka uye inokwanisa kuvhima mumapoka kana kudya zvakaora.
- Fenec gava: diki uye inoyevedza, ine nzeve hombe dzinoita semaradiyeta kubvisa kupisa.
- Meerkat: inoshamwaridzana uye yakasvinura nguva dzose, inogadzira maburi epasi akabatana kutiza kupisa uye kuvanda kubva kune zvikara.
- Red kangaroo: yakaberekerwa kuAustralia, inofamba ichisvetuka zvakakura, inochengeta matura mumuviri wayo uye inokwanisa kurarama munzvimbo dzakaoma pasina kudikitira.
- Egypt gerbil: gonzo diki rakajairwa kuSahara, rine makumbo marefu ekumashure anoibvumira kusvetuka kutiza kutyisidzira uye kufamba nemujecha.
Imwe neimwe yemhuka idzi inoyamwisa mhedzisiro ye zviuru zvezvizvarwa zvekushanduka-shanduka kurarama munzvimbo isingatarisirwi, uko kiyi iri mukati shandisa zvakanyanya zviwanikwa zvese.
Desert birds: kumhanya, minhenga uye pfungwa yekutungamira
Shiri dzakakura minhenga yakakora uye kugadzirisa hunhu kutsungirira kusanaya kwemvura uye kutarisana nekupisa kwakanyanya. Mumwe wemienzaniso inonakidza ndeye mugwagwa, inozivikanwa nokumhanya nokumhanya zvikuru panzvimbo pokubhururuka, uye iyo inowana mvura inenge iri yoga kubva muzvokudya zvainodya. mhou, nokuda kwayo, ndiyo shiri hurusa pasi rose uye yakanyatsogadzirirwa upenyu hwepanyika, ine makumbo akasimba anokwanisa kufamba madaro marefu neminhenga anobatsira kudzora tembiricha yomuviri.
Dzimwe shiri dzemugwenga dzinokosha ndidzo owl, the kestrel, the hawk and the Gondo, vose vakapiwa chiono chakanaka uye vanokwanisa kuwana mhuka dziri kure kure.
- Mugwagwagwa: muvhimi ane hunyanzvi hwezvipembenene nezvinokambaira, inovaka dendere rayo pasi uye inokwanisa kurarama nemvura shoma.
- MhouKukura kwayo uye kumhanya kwayo kunoita kuti ive yakasiyana neshiri dzemugwenga dzeAfrica. Mazai ayo, makurusa pasi rose, anochengetwa nenzanga yose.
- Bargains: shiri dzine dense down, dzinokwanisa kuzvidzivirira kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya uye dzinofamba madaro marefu kunotsvaga mvura.
- Magora, magora nemazizi: vavhimi vakuru vakagadziridzwa kutarisa kure-kure, kwakakosha kune ecological balance yegwenga.
Desert reptiles: nyanzvi dzechokwadi mukutonga kwekushisa
Munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzine matombo, the reptiles dzakawanda kwazvo. Mhuka dzakadai desert iguanala rattlesnake kana zvakasiyana madzvinyu y nyoka Vanomira pachena pakugona kwavo gadzirisa tembiricha yemuviriVanowanzo shanda panguva yekutonhorera, vachipotera mumikaha kana pakati pematombo masikati.
La rattlesnake Iyo ine mukurumbira nekuda kweruzha rwemuswe wayo, iyo yainoshandisa seyambiro, uye inogona kuvharika iyo pachayo munzvimbo yayo nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwemavara. Iguanas, herbivores uye mavara kuti aenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu, anochengeta mvura mumiviri yavo uye anogona kugara kwenguva refu asina kunwa.
- desert iguana: inofananidzwa nechokuchamhembe kweMexico uye kumaodzanyemba kweU.
- Madzvinyu nemadzvinyu: Vamwe vane ganda rinopenya kana zvikero zvinovabatsira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemvura.
- nyoka: senyoka yemugwenga, inyanzvi pakuvhima mambakwedza kana manheru uye ine inoshamisa thermoregulation system.
Culebra
Zvipembenene uye arachnids: zvipuka zvidiki asi zvinotyisa zvemugwenga
Kunyangwe ivo kazhinji vasingaonekwe, zvipembenene y arachnids zvinokosha kuupenyu hwomugwenga. The chinyavada and the tarantula Vanotyirwa muchetura wavo, asi kuvapo kwavo kwakakosha kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvipenyu. chinyavada, somuenzaniso, inovanda usiku uye inovanda pasi pematombo kana mumikaha mukati mezuva kuti isapisa.
Dzimwe mhuka dzakakosha munzvimbo idzi ndidzo masvosve, hove, mapete y cricketsVazhinji vavo vakagadzira mitoo yokuchengeta mvura, kutsvaka zvokudya mukati menguva inotonhorera, uye kugara munzvimbo dzepasi pevhu.
- Scorpion: Inowanikwa mumagwenga pasi rose, kuruma kwayo kunogona kurwadza, kunyange zvazvo mhando shoma dzinoisa njodzi kuvanhu. Inochera pasi pevhu uye inovhima usiku.
- Majuru nemujuru: Vanoungana pamwe chete mumakoroni uye vanochera maberere akaomarara kuchengetedza hunyoro uye kutonga tembiricha yemukati.
- mhashu nemhashu: Kufamba kwavo kunoita kuti vatame vachitsvaga chikafu uye vararame nekusanaya kwemvura.
Kunyanya kushamisa kugadziridzwa kwemhuka dzemurenje
Kupona mugwenga kwaisazobvira pasina mumwe bhatiri rezvigadziriso zvakasiyana izvo zvinokanganisa kwete muviri chete, asiwo maitiro emhuka.
Kutarisira mvura uye kuchengetedza
Mamwe marudzi, akadai se ngamera kana the kangaroo rat, vanogona kugara kwenguva refu vasina kunwa, kuchengeta mvura mumiviri yavo kana kuibvisa muchikafu. Vamwe vanoisa weti yavo zvishoma kuti mvura ideredze, uye kana dziri shiri dzakaita seTurkey pochard, dzinotoitira weti patsoka dzadzo kuti dzizvitonhodze nokubuda kwemhute.
Maburi uye kuita kwehusiku
Tsika ye uvande pasi pevhu Yakapararira: mhuka dzinoyamwisa, zvinokambaira, zvipembenene, uye arachnids zvinochera mumatanho kana kutora mukana wezvimedu kudzivirira kupisa uye kuchengetedza unyoro. Uyezve, mhuka dzomurenje dzakawanda dzinofarira kubuda manheru, mumangwanani-ngwanani, kana kuti usiku.
Tembiricha regulation
Nzeve huru, mvere dzinopenya, uye zvidimbu zvepasi kana mvere zvakakosha kudzivirira kupisa mukati mezuva. Husiku, nzira dzakafanana idzi dzinobatsira kuchengetedza kupisa kwemuviri.
Kuchengetedza mafuta
Kunyanya mumhuka huru dzinoyamwisa, kukwanisa kuchengeta mafuta kwakakosha kune simba rekuchengetedza kana chikafu kana mvura iri shoma.
Geographic distribution: Tingawanepi mhuka dzomurenje?
Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, magwenga haangowaniki muAfrica chete. Kune magwenga makuru muAsia (akadai seGobi), maAmerica (akadai seSonoran neMojave), Australia (neKunze kwayo), uye Middle East. Imwe neimwe yenzvimbo idzi inotambira mhando dzakasiyana zvichiratidza kusiyana-siyana kwehupenyu hwemugwenga pasi rose.
- Camel: Africa, Central Asia, Australia
- Mhou: Africa (savannah nenzvimbo dzerenje)
- coyote: North uye Central America
- Mugwagwagwa: North America neMexico
- Meerkat: Southern Africa (Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, Angola)
- desert iguana: Northern Mexico, United States
- Red kangaroo: Ositireriya
- Jinja: Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe
Camel
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye remangwana remhuka dzemugwenga
Nguva yemberi yemhuka dzemurenje zvino yatyisidzirwa ne kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunzeKuwedzera kwetembiricha, kuderera kwenzvimbo dzekugara, uye kushomeka kwemvura kuri kutyisidzira marudzi mazhinji. Maererano nefundo, dzakadai seidzo dzakaitwa muJoshua Tree National Park (California), dzimwe mhuka vaigona kuona nzvimbo yavo yekugara ichideredzwa neinopfuura 80% Kana tembiricha yeavhareji ikaramba ichikwira, ivo vanomanikidzwa kutama kana, muchiitiko chakaipisisa, kutsakatika.
Takatarisana nekutyisidzirwa uku, dzimwe mhuka dzinogona kushanduka kuti dzijairane, dzimwe dzichitamira kunzvimbo dzisinganyanyi kudziya, uye dzakawanda dzinoona kurarama kwadzo kuchikanganisa. kuchengetedza kwe magwenga nemhuka dzayo Izvo zvakakosha kwete chete kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza, asiwo kuchengetedza chaiyo inoshamisa nhaka yechisikigo.
