El Animal Kingdom o Animalia mumwe we humambo5 izvo zvinosanganisa zvipenyu zvese zvinogara pasi. Zvisikwa zvinogara muhumambo uhwu chaihwo zvinodaidzwa kuti mhuka uye chikamu chekusiyana kwakakura kwebiological, tsvaga zvakawanda nezvavo pano.
Mhuka chii?
Iri iboka rezvisikwa zvipenyu zvine hunhu hwakatanhamara, senge morphology yazvo, akasiyana ecological uye maitiro, pamwe chete nehumwe hunhu hunozvisiyanisa kubva kune zvimwe zvipenyu. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana tichitaura nezve taxonomy tinoreva sainzi inoisa maruva nemhuka, kunyangwe izvi zviri muzvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana. humambo hwezvakasikwa.
Mhuka zvisikwa zveeukaryotic, multicellular uye heterotrophic nature, kureva kuti, dzinodya kune dzimwe mhuka kana marudzi ehupenyu, nzira yavo yekubereka ndeyepabonde uye kufamba kwavo kwakasununguka zvachose uye nekuda, kuwedzera kune chokwadi chokuti tinogona kuvawana. panyika yose.
El mhuka Kingdom inoumbwa inosvika mamirioni maviri emarudzi akasiyana ehupenyu munyika yese, iwo akaiswa mu phyla kana taxa, mukuwedzera mukukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru ayo anogona kusiyanisa nyore nyore, idzo mhuka dzine vertebrate, kureva, idzo dzine musana uye chimiro chebhonzo chakakwana, nepo mhuka dzisina musana hadzina musana.
Kutanga
Mhuka dzekutanga pasi pano dzakabuda makore 540 miriyoni apfuura, mune inonzi Cambrian exposition, iyo yaive yekuwedzeredza uye kusiyanisa kwehupenyu, asi kunyanya hupenyu hwakawanda kana metazoans. Makanga muri mumakungwa apasi rokutanga umo uku kushanduka nokupararira kwoupenyu kwakavamba.
Zvinonzi mapoka emhuka ekutanga kuwanikwa ndeaya anonzi masiponji emugungwa, ayo anogona kuvapo makore anenge mamiriyoni 600 apfuura maererano netsvakurudzo ichiri kuenderera mberi. Kubva ipapo, mhuka dzine hupenyu hwakasimba muzvinyorwa zvezvicherwa, zvese mushure mekuvandudzwa mumakungwa uyezve panyika uye mumhepo.
El Animalia Kingdom Ndiyo imwe yeakanyanya kukosha uye zvakare ndeimwe yeakanyanya kudzidzwa, iwo sosi yechikafu chevanhu nedzimwe mhuka, zvakare seyakashandiswa mbishi zvinhu, mukuwedzera pakubatsira kupindura mimwe mibvunzo nezve Kwakatangira hupenyu.
Hunhu hweMhuka Humambo
Panyika pane huwandu hukuru hwemhuka dzinogona kusiyaniswa nekuda kwehunhu hwadzo zvichienderana nerudzi rwemhando, cellular kuumbwa uye kunobva chikafu chavanacho.
Pakati pe hunhu hwemhuka, zvinotevera zvinogona kuwanikwa:
- eukaryotes: Mhuka idzi dzine nucleus yesero yakanyatsotsanangurwa, izvi nekuda kwe membrane yayo yenyukireya.
- multicellular: Anoumbwa nemasero maviri kana anopfuura, rimwe nerimwe rawo rine basa rayo rinokosha.
- heterotrophs: Ndidzo dzinofanira kudya organic kubva kune zvimwe zvipenyu kuti dzirarame, sezvo dzisingagadziri chikafu chadzo.
- Aerobics: Mhuka idzi ndidzo dzinofemawo neganda radzo, oxygen yadzinowana mumvura, mumhepo nemuvhu, kureva munzvimbo yadzo yese.
- Kuberekerwa: Mhuka dzinoberekana nenzira yechinyakare dzichishandisa bonde radzo, kureva kuti, kuburikidza nedome revanhu vaviri vane bonde rakasiyana, mukono mumwe chete hadzi, kunyangwe painewo mhuka dzinoberekana zvisina tsarukano, kuburikidza nemitosis.
- Development: Mhuka dzinogona kukura uye kuberekwa nenzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwadziri, senge; kune avo vanokura uye vanoberekwa kubva mazai (oviparous), kune avo vanoberekwa uye vanokura mukati meamai (viviparous) uye avo vanoberekwa kubva muzai, asi inoramba iri mukati maamai kusvikira kuberekwa (ovoviviparous).
- Symmetry: Kune mhuka dzinogona kuenzana uye dzimwe dzisiri, zvese zvinoenderana nechimiro chavo chemuviri, semuenzaniso, vanhu vane symmetry mbiri, ndiko kuti, vane mativi maviri akafanana kuruboshwe uye kurudyi rwemuviri wavo. Nenzira imwecheteyo tinogona kuwana radial symmetry, iyo inoparadzanisa muviri zvichienderana neradius yayo, sezvo iri denderedzwa uye inotanga kubva pakati pemhuka, zvisinei, kunewo mhuka dzisina symmetry, sezvakaita chipanje chegungwa
Classification of Animal Kingdom
El Animalia Kingdom Inogona kuiswa mumapoka maviri makuru:
Invertebrate mhuka
Mhuka dzisina vertebrate hadzina skeleton yakataurwa mukati, kureva kuti, haina vertebrae kana mapfupa uye inowirirana neanenge 95% yemarudzi ose. Mimwe mienzaniso yemhuka dzeinvertebrate ndeidzi:
- Madhiri: Annelid nematodes uye flatworms.
- Porifera: Masiponji
- Echinoderms: Urchins yegungwa uye starfish.
- Mollusks: Bivalves, cephalopods uye gastropods.
- Arthropods: Arachnids, crustaceans uye myriapods.
Vertebrate mhuka
Kune rumwe rutivi, mhuka dzine vertebrates ndeavo vane dehenya uye vertebral column kana musana wakaumbwa ne vertebrae, inoenderana ne62.000 marudzi, iyo ishoma pane dzimwe mhuka dzisina vertebrate. Aya akakamurwa kuita makirasi mashanu anoti:
- Amphibians: Imhuka dzine makumbo mana uye dzimwe dzine muswe, dzine ropa rinotonhora uye dzinogara pedyo nemvura.
- Hove: Vanogara mumvura yakachena uye ine munyu, vanofema nemumagill avo uye vane chando-blood oviparous.
- Reptiles: Vane mapapu ekufema uye vane ropa rinotonhora.
- bird: Vane mapapiro maviri nemakumbo, zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo vose vane mapapiro, havasi vose vanogona kubhururuka.
- Zvipfuwo: Vane mitezo ina, vane ropa rinodziya uye vanoberekwa kubva mudumbu raamai vavo.
