Waifunga here kuti Gwara Renzou rakasikwa riine chakuvhe chakafanana nemamwe mazana emabhiriyoni emakwara enzou aripo?
Zvakanaka mhinduro ndeyekuti kwete!
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakwara enzou ari muchadenga chinozivikanwa.
Haasi ese makwara enzou akanyatsofanana, kutaura zvazviri, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakwara enzou uye dzinoiswa mumapoka maererano nechimiro chadzo kana maererano nokupenya kwenyeredzi dzadzo.
Chidzidzo chechimiro chemapoka enyeredzi ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzekutsvaga mune zvenyeredzi zvemazuva ano.
Kuedza kunzwisisa kuumbwa kwavo, maitiro, magadzirirwo uye kunyangwe kudyidzana kwavo kune mumwe nemumwe kwakakosha kutanga kuburitsa pachena zvese zvakavanzika zvepasirese.
Kwezviuru zvemakore taifunga kuti gadziriro yedu yokutenderera zuva ndiyo yose yaivapo, uye kuti pasi redu rakanga riri pakati pezvaifungidzirwa kuva zvisikwa zvoumwari.
Gare gare takanzwisisa kuti takanga takarasika zvikuru; kune mamiriyoni enyeredzi sezuva redu, zhinji dzine mapuraneti ose aridzitenderedza… uye pfungwa dzedu dzakakura.
Gara redu renzou (raiita sechadenga rose) ihombe uye isu tingori chikamu chidiki charo.
Asi sokunge kuti ikoko kwakanga kusina kukwana, ipapo takawana chimwe chinhu: Makwara enzou edu, ayo aitoratidzika kuva asingagumi, anotakura nyeredzi dzose idzodzo namapuraneti, chinopfuura pfundo risingakoshi mumucheka wose wapose pose.
Kune mazana ezviuru zvemamwe mapoka enyeredzi Muchadenga!
Gwara renzou redu rinoyevedza. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvese zvine chekuita neMilky Way, ingobaya kuti uverenge chinyorwa chedu Iyo Milky Way: Zvakawanda Sei Iwe Unoziva NezveGalaxy Yedu?
Pfungwa pamusoro pekuvapo kwedu yakachinja zvachose: isu hatisi chete pfungwa isingakoshi, isu tiri pfungwa isingakoshi mukati meimwe pfungwa isingakoshi.
Kurova kwakadini kuhumwe hwedu!
Kuwanikwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemagalaxi
Kubva pakatanga kugadzirwa teresikopu muna 1606, tichangotanga kunzwisisa kuoma kunzwisisa kunoshamisa kwedenga uye kukura kwazvo. Takanzwisisa kuti gadziriro yedu yokutenderera zuva haisi yoga, kuti mune mabhiriyoni akafanana mukati meboka redu renyeredzi, asi izvozvo hazvina kugumira ipapo.
Kwemazana emakore taifunga kuti boka redu renyeredzi ndiro chete raivapo, taidavira kuti chadenga chinogumira panoperera gwara renzou. Hapana chimwe kunze kwechokwadi.
Yakanga isiri kutozosvikira gore ra1923, apo nyanzvi yenyeredzi ine mukurumbira, Edwin hubble akatanga kuona chimwe chinhu chaishamisa neraiita seboka renyeredzi riri kure kure.
Nekuda kwekuverenga kwakaitwa zvichienderana nehukama huri pakati pekupenya uye chinhambwe (tichifunga nezve rhythm yechiedza pulses inoburitswa nenyeredzi), akaita chiwanikwa chaizonyatso shandura manzwisisiro atinoita denga: Iri boka renyeredzi rakanga riri kunze kwemiganhu yeboka redu renyeredzi.
Kuwanwa kwacho kwakatungamirira kumhedziso imwe bedzi: Gwara renzou redu rakanga risingamiriri kukura kwechisiko chose, asi: Pane mapoka enyeredzi mangani ipapo?
Boka renyeredzi rakawanwa naHubble kunze kwegwara redu renzou rakazova iro ratinoziva nhasi se Andromeda, galaxy yedu yepedyo yevavakidzani, ingori 2.5 light-years kubva.
Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti Andromeda haina kuita seyakafanana zvachose neGwara renzou, nyeredzi yedu (kunyangwe iyo yagara ichinzi "mapoka enyeredzi mapatya”). Izvi zvakaisa patafura mumwe mubvunzo unokosha:Pane marudzi akasiyana emapoka enyeredzi muchadenga here?
Kubva panguva iyoyo, makore anoda kusvika 100 apfuura, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzenyeredzi nenyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakazvipira chose chose kuziva uye kunzwisisa kuti rudzii rwemapoka enyeredzi ariko muchisiko chose. Migumisiro yacho inofadza zvechokwadi.
Madzidzisiro atinoita marudzi akasiyana enyeredzi
Hungu, muna 1923 takakwanisa kuona, kwenguva yokutanga, rimwe boka renyeredzi rakavakidzana, asi kubvira ipapo zvichienda mberi, kunzvera mufundo yamamwe mapoka enyeredzi kwakaratidzika kuva kusingabviri, zvimwe nokuda kwezvishandiso zvinowanika muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Nekudaro, zvinhu zvakachinja kubva mugore ra1990, apo NASA yakaisa iyo Hubble Super Space Telescope.
Iyi, kusiyana neakaitangira, ine malenzi akakosha, anonzwisisa kuburitswa kwechiedza che infrared uye ultraviolet uye kufemerwa kunokonzerwa neX-ray uye Gamma-ray emissions, zvese zviri zviviri semugumisiro wekubatana kwenyukireya pamusoro penyeredzi zhinji.
Hubble akatiratidzei?
The Milky Way naAndromeda hadzisi hanzvadzi mbiri dziri nherera, dzinodzungaira dziri dzoga muchisiko chapose pose. Kutaura zvazviri, ihanzvadzi dzakura dzeboka renyeredzi, rinoumbwa nemapoka enyeredzi 46, ayo anomiririra chikamu chisingaoneki che“super conglomerate” boka renyeredzi, rinoumbwa nemapoka enyeredzi anopfuura 5.000 XNUMX akasiyana-siyana.
Izwi rakakosha apa raive "Kusiyana".
Nemienzaniso yakawanda kwazvo yokudzidza, masayendisiti akadzidza kuti haasi mapoka enyeredzi ose akafanana, uye akawanda haatombofanani nedzimwe seGwara Renzou neAndromeda (ose ari maviri mapoka enyeredzi anotenderera).
Ipapo, pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mubvunzo wakamuka waizotsanangura nzvero yezvenyeredzi mumakore apashure: Ndeapi marudzi emakwara enzou aripo uye ndeapi?
Hubble Sequence: Aya ndiwo mayero anoita nyeredzi
Hubble sequence ye graph marudzi akasiyana egalaxy zvinoenderana nechimiro chawo
Mushure mekuwanikwa kwechimurenga kweAndromeda Galaxy muna 1923, Edwin Hubble akazvipira kutsvaga zvakasiyana. marudzi emakwara enzou aripo uye kugadzira nzira yekuzvironga.
Kubva ipapo kwakazvarwa izvo zvatinoziva nhasi se Hubble kutevedzana kana zvakare tuning forogo dhizaini, rinova zita rayo chairo.
Kutevedzana uku kunosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana emapoka enyeredzi aripo maererano nechimiro chaanopa semugumisiro wekurongeka kwenyaya iri mukati mawo, kunyanya masumbu emagasi emuchadenga uye stardust.
Pamusoro pezvo, chikamu chega chega zvinoenderana nechimiro chakakamurwazve kuita zvikamu zvidiki zvichienderana nekurongeka kwehuremu hwayo, dhayamita, uye kupenya.
- Magaraxies emweya
- Nguva dzose
- kuvharirwa spirals
- intermediate spiral
- Elliptical magaraxies
- square ellipticals
- discoidal ellipticals
- Nyeredzi dzisina kujairika
Mhando dzemagalaxi maererano nechimiro chawo
Magalaxi anoumbwa zvakanyanya ne stardust, iyo inotenderera pamwe chete nenyeredzi, mapuraneti uye zvimwe zvinhu zve cosmic zvakatenderedza galactic centre (iyo inowanzova gomba dema).
Chiripo ndechekuti kurongeka kwemitumbi yegwara renzou yakatenderedza nucleus inogona kutora akasiyana siyana, nekudaro marudzi akasiyana emagalaxi atiinawo muchikamu chedu anogadzirwa.
Kune marudzi matatu makuru emapoka enyeredzi maererano nechimiro chawo: Elliptical, Spiral uye Lenticular.
Chikamu chechina chakawedzerwawo munguva pfupi yapfuura: Irregular Galaxies. Chikwata ichi chinosanganisira marudzi akasiyana emapoka enyeredzi asingaenderane nehunhu hwemamwe mapoka.
Ngatione kuti ndezvei:
Elliptical Galaxies
Ma<em>elliptical marudzi emagalaksi akawanda zvikuru muchadenga chedu. Anogona kuva anoshamisira zvikuru kupfuura makwara enzou makuru, sezvo makwara enzou makuru zvikuru ari mugumisiro wokudhumhana kwakawanda kwemapoka madiki enyeredzi kwemamiriyoni emakore.
Nekuda kweizvi, elliptical galaxies inoratidza chimiro chakati sandara, chakaita oval, seellipse (naizvozvo zita ravo), asi hapana maitiro akarongeka anocherechedzwa muzvinhu zvinoriumba.
Mumakwara enzou aya, nyeredzi, mapuraneti, maplanetoids, makore eguruva uye asteroids anotenderera nenzira isina kurongeka, pasina kutevedzera zvinooneka patani yegiravhiti (sezvinoitika nemagalaxi emhepo), saka chimiro chavo hachina kutsanangurwa.
Elliptical galaxies inoratidzirwa nekuumbwa-kunyanya-yeredzi dzekare uye huru, uye nekupa huwandu hwakaderera hwehupfu hwenyeredzi, saka, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mwero wavo wekuzvarwa kwenyeredzi nyowani wakadzikira, potse hapana.
Spiral Galaxies
Spiral galaxies, seGwara Renzou redu, ane chimiro chemuviri chakatsanangurwa zvakanyanya kupfuura elliptical galaxies. Muchiitiko ichi, yese galactic mass inotenderera nenzira yakarongeka yakakomberedza galactic nucleus.
Iyo galactic nucleus kana bulge inogona kuyera makore akati wandei echiedza mudhayamita uye inonyanya kuumbwa nesumbu rakakora renyeredzi huru, saka mwero wepamusoro wekupenya uripo muchikamu chayo chepakati.
Zvisinei, kana tikatarisa mberi takananga pakati tinowana chimwe chinhu chakakosha zvikuru, nyeredzi huru dzegurumwandira dzinowanzotenderera pachinhu chakaomarara zvikuru: gomba dema, rinopa simba rose regiravhiti rinotonga boka rose renyeredzi.
Semuenzaniso, gomba redu renyeredzi rinotongwa negomba dema rakakura kwazvo rinonzi Sagittarius A.
Tichienda mberi kubva pakati peboka renyeredzi tinowana dis. Iyo dhisiki ine yakawanda yemuviri weiyo spiral galaxies uye inoumbwa nenyeredzi zhinji, mapuraneti uye interstellar huruva.
Kutenderera kwezvisumbu zvezvinhu zviri mudhisiki zvakatenderedza nzvimbo inokwevera zvinhu pasi kunoita kuti iumbe maoko akati wandei, zvichiita kuti inyatsozivikanwa.
Gara redu renyeredzi, semuenzaniso, rinoumbwa nemaoko maviri makuru anozivikanwa: Shield Centaurus, Perseus, uye nemapazi akasiyana-siyana epasi density: Salient yeOrion, Sagittarius, uye Norma.
Spiral galaxies inogona kuiswa kubva kuS01 kuenda kuS07 zvichienderana nedhigirii reiyo eccentricity yemaoko avo. Kunyanya kuvhurika maoko kune ruremekedzo pakati peiyo galaxy, iyo inokwirisa chinzvimbo chavo muchiyero.
Lenticular magaraxies
Makwara enzou akarongedzerwa serenticular nhasi anofungidzirwa kuti akarara pane imwe nguva yekuchinja pakati pe elliptical uye spiral galaxies. Kunyangwe kuve nedhisiki uye kuratidza zviratidzo zvekuve nemaoko, kurasikirwa kweiyo interstellar nyaya kwakadzimwa.
Sezvo maoko ayo asina chero dhigirii re eccentricity, kupatsanurwa kwayo paHubble chiyero ndeye S0.
Makwara enzou asina kurongeka akapfuma mumakore eguruva ari pakati penyeredzi uye nyeredzi diki, diki. Iwo zvakare akanyanya slim classification, chete 3% yeanocherekedza magalaxies anogona kuwira muchikamu che lenticular galaxies.
Ndeapi marudzi emakwara enzou anogona kuva lenticular galaxies?
Lenticular galaxies inofungidzirwa kuti ingori spiral galaxies iyo isati yasvika padanho rekukura kana kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaringana kutora pane yakajairika spiral shape.
Sezvo zvimwe zvinhu zvichiwanda, maoko ayo anokura muhukuru, achifamba kubva panzvimbo yegiravhiti uye achiwana chimiro chakajairika chinotenderera chinogona kuverengerwa kubva kuS01 kusvika s07.
Nyeredzi dzisina kujairika
Makwara enzou asina kurongeka chingori chakavanzika kuruzivo rwenyeredzi rwemazuva ano uye anowira muchikamu chimwe chete nekuti haakwane mune mamwe mapoka muhurongwa hweHubble.
Aya marudzi emakwara enzou asina kurongeka anoita seanoratidza chimiro chakatsanangurwa mukugovaniswa kwenyaya yawo; havasi elliptical uye spiral.
Zvinhu zvose zviri muboka renyeredzi zvinongotutirana kuva nyonganyonga muchadenga, kwete kutenderera panzvimbo chaiyo yegiravhiti, uyewo hairatidzi gadziriro ipi neipi inooneka kana kuti kurongeka. Kazhinji vane zvimiro zvisina kurongeka, semakwapa anopenya ari muchadenga.
Izvo zvinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana: asteroids, yakawanda yegasi uye guruva, uye nyeredzi duku uye duku, nokuda kwechikamu chikuru.
Mamwe mapoka emapoka enyeredzi ari muchadenga
Mhando dzemakwara enzou hadzingorongwa chete zvichienderana nekugovaniswa kwenyaya yadzo, dzinoiswawo pasi zvichienderana nehuwandu uye rudzi rwemwaranzi yaanoburitsa muchadenga.
Magalaxi anoburitsa simba rakakwana kuti abudise zvikamu zvakakura zvemwaranzi yemagetsi kunze anodanwa makwara enzou.
Makwara enzou anowira mukati mechikamu ichi haabudisi masaisai emagetsi kubva kuzvinhu zvakajairwa zvegwara renzou (stardust, nyeredzi nemapuraneti), asi kubva kumaitiro anoshamisa, ayo anowanzo tanga mu galactic nucleus.
Makwara enzou aya ane chinhu chinonzi Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN).
MaAGN anofungidzirwa kuti anogadzirwa kana huruva kana zvinhu zvakasvetwa mugomba dema iro rinotonga pakati pegwara renzou.
Nekuda kwemazinga akakwira egineti regiravhiti rinoburitsa super friction, nyaya yacho inopisa zvakanyanya, nekukasira kushanduka kuita plasma, iyo inoburitsa magineti ane simba anodzingwa kunze kwegirazi.
Haasi ese makwara enzou anokwanisa kugadzira chiitiko ichi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Muchokwadi, 10% chete yemapoka enyeredzi anoonekwa kubva kuPasi anokwanisa kugadzira chiitiko ichi chemuviri.
Kune marudzi akasiyana emapoka enyeredzi anoshanda maererano nehuwandu uye rudzi rwesimba raanoburitsa kunze.
Seyfert Galaxy
Kazhinji, iwo ma spiral galaxies ane nucleus inopenya zvakanyanya uye huwandu hukuru hwe hyper-concentrated mass pakati.
Sezvo interstellar matter inowira mugomba dema, inogadzira mitsara yekuburitsa, kunyanya inogadzirwa nehydrogen, helium, uye kabhoni maatomu.
Starburst galaxy
Starbursts marudzi emagalaxi asingaburitse minda yemagetsi semugumisiro wemajeti emajeti anobudiswa kubva kuActive Galactic Nucleus.
Muchiitiko ichi, simba rakasunungurwa rinobudiswa sechikonzero chezvakawanda panguva imwe chete starbursts. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwo makwara enzou ane mwero wakakwirira zvikuru wekuzvarwa kwenyeredzi kutsva pane avhareji mune mamwe mapoka enyeredzi, ayo anobudisira huwandu hwepamusoro hwesimba mudenga.
Mhepo dzenyeredzi dzinokweva chikamu chemamorekuru akawandisa ehydrogen, achigadzira simba remagetsi emagetsi epamusoro anodzingwa pakati peboka renyeredzi kuenda muchadenga.
