Denga runako rwechisikigo runogona kuonekwa kubva chero kupi zvako pasi pano, rinomiririra denga remhepo rinofukidza pasi rose, rinopa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvinogona kuonekwa kubva chero ipi zvayo, zvichiratidza makore, ngatidzidzei pamusoro pezvakasiyana. mhando dzemakore, maitiro avo uye mamiriro ekutanga ekwaakabva.
Makore
Nyika yepasi inoumbwa nenhamba yakawanda yezvipenyu, apo imwe neimwe ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana emiti uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, saka inorongwa senzvimbo dzakasiyana uye dzakasiyana pakati pavo; asi denga remuchadenga rakafanana mune chero chikamu chenyika chinouya kuzoonekwa, chinowanzozivikanwa sedenga, pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mairi zvinopa runako rwakasiyana asi panguva iyi makore anobuda pachena.
Makore imhute yakaturikwa mumhepo, inoumbwa nemadonhwe emvura uye makristasi echando, kana chiedza chawira paari, zvinoonekwa kuti ane ruvara ruchena uye chimiro chakakora kwazvo chinopa kutaridzika kwedonje. . Dzimwe nguva, vanogona kuita denda zvakanyanya zvichiita kuti chiedza chisakwanise kupfuura nemavari, saka kusviba kwakanyanya kunenge grey kunoonekwa.
Kuumbwa kwemakore kunoitwa kuburikidza nekutenderera, kutanga nemwaranzi yezuva iyo inokonzera kupisa pasi rose, kusanganisira zvose zvakatenderedza; mhepo inobatwa nekuwedzera kwekushisa, zvichiita kuti ive shoma, saka, inowanzokwira uye inotsiviwa nemhepo inotonhora uye yakaoma. Chokwadi ichi chinonzi chinokonzerwa nekupisa kwemamiriro ekunze, kana mhepo yakakwira inoita kuti tembiricha idzikire uye kana ichikwira inotonhorera pasi.
Mhepo inoramba ichikwira kudzamara yasvika panotonhora zvakanyanya mutroposphere, ichidzika semhute wemvura. Kusimbisa kuti mhepo inotangira inotaridzika isingaoneki kana yakajeka, nokuti inoumbwa nezvidimbu zviduku zvemvura nechando, vanokwanisa kuzvichengetedza pasinei nemhepo iripo munharaunda. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuumbwa kwechimiro chinozivikanwa seMakore, maumbirwo awo akasiyana anokonzerwa nekupisa kwakasiyana kwecondensation.
Mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anopesvedzera kuumbwa kwemakore, mamwe anofarirwa pakupisa kwakanyanya (makore mashoma akatsikirira) uye mamwe pakudzikira kwakadzikira (makore akanyanya); imwe mhando ndeiya inogona kukonzera kunaya nepo vamwe vasingadaro. Mamwe anoumbwa nekudziya kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kunyange kugadzira makristasi echando.
Chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kuumbwa kwemakore kufamba kwemhepo, kana mhepo yazorora inofarira kuumbwa kwawo, kwaanotanga kuoneswa muchimiro chemitsetse uye strata. Nepo izvo zvinotangira pakati pekufamba kwemhepo ine mafambiro akasimba zvichifarira kusikwa kwemakore anocherechedzwa pakati pemvura nemadutu, kufamba kwemhepo kunowanzova mumhepo yakatwasuka.
Cloud Types
Sainzi inoona nezvekuita zvidzidzo zvemakore inozivikanwa se nephrology, inoongorora maumbirwo, magadzirirwo, density, evolution, kufamba uye humwe hunhu hunechekuita nemakore. Kuburikidza nezvidzidzo izvi, vakakwanisa kumisa mapoka makuru matatu anozivikanwa semakore marefu, makore aripakati uye makore akaderera, pazasi tinoziva nezvechimwe nechimwe:
makore marefu
Makore marefu, anozivikanwawo semakore echando, ndeaya ari pakati pepamusoro-soro mutroposphere (pasi pe0ºC), angangoita pakati pe6000 metres nemamita 10000 XNUMX. Chimiro chawo chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechekuti anoumbwa nekristaro. Anokwanisa kuvhara marudzi anosvika gumi nerimwe emakore asi akaiswa mumapoka makuru matatu:
Cirrus
Makore machena uye anopenya ane chimiro chetambo refu, dzakatetepa dzakaenzana nemitsara inofambirana (yakatwasuka kana isina kujairika), ndicho chikonzero ichinziwo miswe yemabhiza kana mitsetse yezhizha. Makore eCirrus anoonekwa pakakwirira 8000 uye 10000 metres, anogadzirwa neaizi makristasi anoputika kana adonha asati asvika pasi.
Imhando yegore rinoonekwa neziso rakashama mudenga, richipa kutaridzika kwebrushstrokes kana mitsetse inoumbwa nekufamba kwemhepo, matenga akafukidzwa nemakore ecirrus kazhinji pamaawa makumi maviri nemana kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kamwe kamwe ndiko. inocherechedzwa sekudonha kwekushisa kana kunaya kwemvura.
Cirrocumulus
Iwo makore anotangira akachinjika muzvikamu zvepamusoro zvedenga, achigadzira chitarisiko chakaunyana uye ane maumbirwo akatenderedzwa, sekunge madiki madiki edonje kana akafanana nemucheka wehwai, anounzawo muchena wakazara ruvara uye pasina chero mumvuri. . Zvinoonekwa pamwe chete nemakore ecirrus, zvichiumbwa kubva pazviri kana zvadziyirwa kubva pasi, zvichiita kuti mweya usimuke uye ubatane negore kusvika raita Cirrocumulus. Mukuwedzera, vanoratidza kuti mamiriro okunze emunharaunda kana mamiriro ekunze achachinja na12 masikati, kazhinji inotangira dutu, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingasiyana.
Cirrostratus
Imhando yegore rinenge rakaita sechidzitiro chinoenda kudenga uye zvichiita kuti zviome kusiyanisa maumbirwo aro, mapendero aro akareba uye akatambanudzwa. Iwo anoonekwa seyakareruka mhando yegore rakakwirira kuziva, kugadzira halo mudenga rakatenderedza zuva nemwedzi. Vanooneka mushure memakore ecirrus uye vanogona kuratidza dutu kana mamiriro ekunze akanaka.
Medium Makore
Makore epakati anoenderana nechikamu chiri pakati pe3000 ne7000 metres, iwo anoumbwa nemadonhwe emvura uye makristasi echando, kunyangwe iwo ekupedzisira achienderana nekukwirira kwaanowanikwa, kune maviri makuru mapoka anotsanangurwa pazasi:
Altocumulus
Makore eAltocumulus anozivikanwa kuve akaumbwa-akaumbwa nechimiro chisina kurongeka senge mitsetse yakafara uye mikukutu yakakora. Igumbeze guru rine makore rinogona kuvhara denga rose, richisiya dzimwe nzvimbo umo mwedzi nezuva zvichaonekwa. Ruvara rwavo runonyanya kuchena uye mune dzimwe nguva kuchena, vanogona kureva kutanga kwemamiriro ekunze akaipa semvura kana dutu.
Yakakwirira Stratus
Altostratus iyunifomu mitsetse yekuwedzera yakachinjika, ine greyish kana bluish coloration, inoratidzika muchimiro chematehwe matete uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakanyanya kukora. Dzinogona kufukidza denga rose, dzichiva mune zvimwe zvikamu zvitete apo dzinobvumira kuona zuva, zvichipa kunzwa kwepepa guru rakatambanudzirwa kumusoro.
Iwo anoonekwa paurefu hwe 3000 metres kunyange 7000 metres, nekuda kwekukora kwavo vanovhara makiromita akati wandei. Izvo zvinoumbwa nezvikamu, chikamu chepasi chinoumbwa nemadonhwe emvura, nepo chikamu chepakati chine nhamba huru yezvimedu zviduku zvechando uye nzvimbo yepamusoro, nekuda kwekushisa kwakadzika, inonyanya kuumbwa nemakristasi echando.
makore akaderera
Iwo anoonekwa seayunifomu yegore akaturikidzana ari padyo neanosvika 2000 metres kureba, anozivikanwa semakore epasi uye akaiswa mumapoka matatu makuru:
Nimbostratus
Anozivikanwa semakore emvura ane budiriro yakachinjika, chitarisiko chawo chakareba chepfumbu yakasviba uye isina kujeka kwazvo, anoonekwa nekufukidza denga rose kudzamara aburitsa mhepo yakasviba uye yakanyungudika, panguva yekufukidza denga, kwete. mamwe marudzi emakore anogona kugara nawo chete ayo anoonekwa semakore akaderera. Ndivo vanokonzeresa kunaya kwemvura muchirimo nechirimo uye vanogona kutoita kunaya kwemvura muchimiro chechando.
Stratocumulus
Ndiwo makore ari muchimiro cheundulations akafanana zvikuru nemasilinda akareba, ane ruvara rwegrey tones uye achiuya kuzopa kuwedzera kukuru mudenga. Havawanzopa mvura, nokuti izvi zvinofanira kuchinjwa kuva Nimbostratus.
Strata
Iyo strata inouya kuzoratidza kutaridzika kwemhute yegreyish uye isina chero yakatsanangurwa chimiro; mavara ane grey tones anotaridzwa uye chiyero chikuru che opacity anoonekwa, kazhinji haarambe achienderera kwenguva yakareba, kunze kweiyo mwedzi inotonhora yekuvhuvhu uye yechando, anochengetwa zuva rese, achipa kusuruvara uye kusuruvara kutaridzika; nepo kana nguva yechirimo yasvika dzinowanzo onekwa kwayedza asi dzinopararira masikati.
Vertical Development Clouds
Anomiririra iwo makore anokura nekukwirira kwakatwasuka, anobva kumhepo yakasimba yemukati inokwira, ichiita kuti akure kwemakiromita mazhinji; ndiwo makuru mukukonzera kudonha kwemvura nechimvuramabwe, kunyange madutu emagetsi anotapura pamusoro penyika. Iwo akaiswa mumapoka maviri anotsanangurwa pazasi:
Cumulus makore
Makore eCumulus ane chitarisiko chakakora, saizi hombe uye mimvuri yakanyatso cherechedzwa; ruvara rwayo rwakaita greyish, kunyange kufukidza zuva. Vane hwaro hwakachinjika uye nzvimbo yepamusoro ine yakakura vertical protuberances, inosvika pakuve nechitarisiko chakafanana nekoriflower. Iwo rudzi rwegore rinomiririra mamiriro ekunze akanaka, kunyanya kana hunyoro hwepakati hwakaderera uye pane zvishoma kufamba mumhepo; Mumamiriro ezvinhu akapesana nekunyorova kukuru uye mafungu akasimba anokwira, anogona kugadzira makore makuru ecumulus anokonzera madutu uye kunaya kwemvura zhinji.
Cumulonimbus
Makore eCumulonimbus ndiwo makuru pane ose, ane chitarisiko chikuru, achipa maonero emakomo ane hukuru hukuru; chimiro chayo chakatsetseka nemhando dzakasiyana dzegrey. Iwo anoumbwa neaizi makristasi uye ndiwo anonyanya kuonekwa mumadutu ane simba uye ndiwo anotokonzera chimvuramabwe.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: