MuMesopotamia yekare, vamwari vakawanda vaitonga muguta. Mumwe nemumwe wavo aishumirwa uye ainamatwa nevateveri vake, avo vaimupa zvipiriso zvinokosha, pamwe nekuvatakura vachienda navo mudungwe uye vachivakudza.
Izwi rekuti ngano dzeMesopotamia rinoshandiswa kureva ngano dzese dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana munharaunda iyi. VaSumerian vainamata chitendero chaiva nevanamwari vakasiyana-siyana , madhimoni, nemidzimu yaimiririra masimba akasiyana kana kuvapo kwavo.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora vamwari vakakosha vekuMesopotamia . Zvavanotenda zvaiti vamwari ava vakatanga vasika vanhu kuti vave varanda vavo. Uyezve, kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezvetsika nemabasa emarudzi aya, unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo nezvezvipo zvedutu.
Nhoroondo yevamwari veMesopotamia
Vanamwari veMesopotamia iboka revamwari vanoremekedzwa nevagari vemuMesopotamia . Vanhu ava vamwari vaionekwa nekutaridzika kwavo sevanhu uye, zvakare, nekuita tsika dzakafanana nedzevanhu.
Tsika idzi dzatiri kutaura nezvadzo dzinosanganisira kuroorana, kubereka vana, kurwa, nezvimwewo. Zvinonzi vamwari ava vakasika vanhu kuti vave varanda vavo uye kuti vararame hupenyu hwavo zviri nyore vachibatsirwa navo.
Sezvineiwo nengano dzese, dzimwe nyaya dzinogona kunge dziri dzechokwadi, dzimwe dzingasave dzechokwadi. Vanamwari veMesopotamia vaitsanangurwa sevanotsiva uye vane hutsinye , vasingaratidzi tsitsi pamberi petsitsi dzevanhu. Sekureva kwengano, vanamwari ava vaiwanzoratidzwa mumatemberi eguta, zvichiratidza kukosha kwezvivakwa zvechitendero mutsika dzeMesopotamia.
Imwe yenyaya dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzinoratidza hunhu uhwu husina kunaka inyaya yeMafashamo. Inoratidza kuti mwari Enlil anosarudza sei kuparadza vanhu nekuti vanoita ruzha uye vanomudzivisa kurara.
Nepfungwa iyi yekutya, tinosvika padanho rinokosha: vamwari vechitendero ichi vaisanamatwa nerudo, asi vakasiyana zvachose ; zvinotendwa kuti kutenda uku kwaitaurwa nekutya uye kuzviisa pasi pekutsiviwa.
Guta rega rega reMesopotamia, sezvatataura, raiva namwari waro uyo aive mutsigiri wedziviriro yenzvimbo iyoyo. Nzvimbo yega yega yaive yamwari, uye ndipo paivakwa temberi nezviyeuchidzo zvekumukudza , pamusoro pekuita mhemberero dzezvipo nekunamata.
vamwari vanokosha veMesopotamian
Kune mazana emazita evamwari vekuMesopotamia, asi vamwe vanamwari ndeveboka rakakurumbira kupfuura vamwe. Muchikamu chino, tichataura nezvevamwe vanamwari vakakosha muchitendero ichi.
nilil
Mutsika dzekare dzevaSumerian, mwarikadzi uyu aibatanidzwa nemhepo . Zita rake rekutanga rainzi Sud, asi akazozivikanwa saNinlil mushure mekuroora Enlil.
Zvinyorwa zvekare zvekuMesopotamia zvinotaura kuti Ninlil aigara munzvimbo yekutengeserana yeDilmun uye rimwe zuva akasarudza kugeza asina kupfeka murwizi, kwaakatorwa nechisimba naEnlil . Izvi zvakaita kuti Enlil adzingwe munyika yacho, asi akasarudza kumutevera.
Kunobva: https://hmn.wiki/en/Enlil_and_Ninlil
Enlil
Sezvatataura, muchitendero chekare cheSumerian, mwari uyu aionekwa semwari wepasi, denga, nemvura . Zita remwari uyu wekuMesopotamia rine mazwi maviri eSumerian: chekutanga, en , zvinoreva ishe, uye chechipiri, lil , iro rine chekuita nemhepo nemadutu.
Kune vanhu vekuMesopotamia, kukura nekubudirira kwezvirimwa zvavo kwakanga kusina chekuita nemamiriro ekunze asi nekufamba kwenzizi. Enlil aive mwari aityiwa, sezvo aiwanzozviratidza zvisina kunaka kuburikidza nemafashamo, madutu, kana nekuchinja nzira yenzizi.
Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, aive mwari ainamatwa uyo aipiwa kuzviisa pasi pake . Nzvimbo idzi dzaisanganisira vaBhabhironi, vaAsiriya, vaAkkadian, nevaKanani. Sekureva kwengano, mwari uyu akaedza kugumisa hupenyu hwevanhu kakawanda nekuti akaona vanhu vachivanetsa. Kukosha kwake kwakawedzerawo kune zvipiriso zvaipiwa mukukudza kwake, zvakafanana nezvaiitwa muchitendero chevaIjipita.
Enki
Kunobva: https://commons.wikimedia.org/
Enki, mungano iyi, aionekwa samwari wepasi . Ndiye mumwe wevanamwari vakakosha kwazvo verudzi rweSumerian; basa rake guru raive rekusika vanhu nekukurudzira vamwe vanamwari kuti vadaro.
Pamusoro pekusikwa kwevanhu, aive nebasa rekuvapa ruzivo nezvemapazi akasiyana-siyana akadai sekurima nehunyanzvi.
Kusvika pamwero wakati, ngano dzinobatanidzawo mwari uyu nenyika yemumvura sezvo nyika yake yaiva muApsu, nzvimbo iri panobva mvura dzekare.
Anonzi ndiye akagadzira vanhu vegungwa , midzimu ine muviri wehove nemuviri wemunhu. Ngano dzinoti vaiva vapi vemazano kuvatongi vengano nevapristi veEnki.
ereshkigal
Aitonga nyika yepasi pevhu pamwe chete nemurume wake, Negal . Iye mwanasikana wamwari Anu nehanzvadzi yaInanna. Akatorwa nenyoka yamwari Kur, iyo yakamudhonzera kunyika yepasi pevhu kwaanogara.
Ereshkigal, anozivikanwa nerunako rwake rukuru, aida Nergal pakarepo paakapinda munyika yepasi sechirango. Mwari aifanira kuramba chero chipo chaibva kuna mwarikadzi, aisafanira kudya, kunwa, kugara pasi, uye aifanirawo kuramba muedzo wepabonde.
Mwari Nergal akaita sezvaakanga akumbira, akaramba zvese zvaakanga apihwa, asi pakasvika nguva yaakatadza kuramba ndokubvuma runako rwamwarikadzi. Vakapedza husiku hunomwe vari pamwe chete, asi Nergal akadzokera kudenga, achisiya Ereshkigal ari ega. Haana kugamuchira izvi zvakanaka uye akatyisidzira kutumira vakafa kana akasadzokera kwaari.
Nergal akanga asina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekudzokera kunyika yepasi uye mushure mechiitiko cherima ivo vaviri vakatonga nyika yepasi.
nergal
Kunobva: https://www.ucm.es/
Mwari wevakafa uye murume wamwarikadzi Ereshkigal . Anova mutongi wenyika yepasi paakaedza kumugura musoro nekuda kwekumutyisidzira mushure mekunge mudzimai wake amusiya. Mukadzi wacho akati anoda kutonga naye, uye murume wacho anobvuma chikumbiro chacho.
Haangobatanidzwi nevakafa chete, asiwo nemoto , matenda, zvirwere, nezvimwe zviitiko zvinokonzera kuparadzwa nekuparadza.
nanar
Mwanakomana wevamwari Enlil naNinlil, anonzi mwari wemwedzi . Kune vagari vekuSumer, mwari uyu anozivikanwa saNannar, nepo vaBhabhironi nevaArcadian vachimuti Sin.
Guta reUri parakatanga kutonga munzvimbo iyi, mwari Nannar akasimuka kuva mwari mukuru wevamwari. Aionekwa kwete samwari wemwedzi chete asiwo sababa veuchenjeri. Airatidzwa semurume mukuru ane nyanga nendebvu refu.
Nigal
Kunobva: https://hablemosdemitologias.com/
Iye mudzimai wamwari Nannar, kana kuti Changamire, uye saiye, anoonekwa samwarikadzi wemwedzi . Kazhinji, mwari uyu anonzwisiswa samwarikadzi wemombe, ndosaka vafudzi vazhinji vachimunamata.
Inoenderana nemhuka , idzo dzinoshanduka kuita chishongo chekubereka.
Nabu
Mwanakomana wevamwari Marduk naZarpanitum, Nabu aive mwari wevanyori nekunyora . Anoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvakaita semahwendefa kana zvishandiso zvine chekuita nekunyora.
Mwari uyu ndiye ane basa rekunyora ramangwana remunhu wega wega pahwendefa dzvene. Akazobatanidzwa netsika dzeuchenjeri uye maitiro ekurima.
Marduk
Kunobva: https://en.wikipedia.org/
Ndiye mumwe wevanamwari vakuru veBhabhironi . Aiva mwanakomana wedangwe wamwari anonzi Enlil uye ainamatwa samwari wezvisikwa, mvura, zvisikwa, mashiripiti, uye kutonga.
Munhoroondo yese, zita ramwari uyu rakachinjwa kakawanda mungano yekusika kweBhabhironi . Aifananidzirwa nemufananidzo wemunhu pamwe chete nedhiragoni remuranda.
Ki
Pakati pevamwari vechikadzi vese, Ki ndiye mumwe wevanonyanya kukosha muchitendero cheMesopotamia . Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinopokana kuti mwarikadzi uyu ariko nekuti hapana humbowo hwekunamatwa kwake hwakawanikwa. Uyezve, zita rake rinongowanikwa mumagwaro eSumerian ane chekuita nekusikwa.
Anu
Kunobva: https://mitoyleyenda.com/
Mambo wevamwari, mapoka enyeredzi, nedenga . Vakaroorana namwarikadzi Ki, vanogara munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzedenga.
Anu ane simba rekutonga avo vanoita mhosva nemabasa akaipa . Sekureva kwengano, nyeredzi dzakasikwa namwari uyu uye dzakashanda semasoja anotarisira vanhu vakaipa.
Ndiye mumwe wevamwari vekare veMesopotamia , pamwe chete namwari Enlil namwarikadzi Ninlin, ndivo vanamwari vatatu vakakosha maererano nenhoroondo.
Innana
Mwarikadzi wehondo nerudo , pamwe chete nemudziviriri weguta reUruk, Inanna ane hukama namwarikadzi Venus, uye nekudaro anobatanidzwawo namwarikadzi wechiGiriki Aphrodite.
Magwaro eSumerian anomubatanidza naNannar naNigal , vabereki vake, uye aivewo nehanzvadzi yake mapatya inozivikanwa saUtu.
Inanna aiva nematemberi gumi nemashanu akasiyana, mamwe aikosha kupfuura mamwe pakunamata kwake. Yakakura uye yakakosha yaive muguta reUruk.