La megadiversity Ishoko rinoita seshoko guru, rinoita serine chirevo chakadzama. Uye, chokwadi, zvakadaro nekuti zvine chekuita nemhoteredzo uye kune zvisikwa zvipenyu zvinogara pasi redu, asi kana iwe uchida kuziva kudzika kwayo uye zvirimo, iwe unofanirwa kuverenga iyi positi.
Chii chinonzi megadiverse?
Kuti tinzwisise zviri mushoko megadiversity, Pakutanga, zvinofanirwa kuzivikanwa kuti, kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kuwana hupenyu munenge chero nzvimbo yepasi, haina kupararira nenzira imwechete munzvimbo dzese dzepasi. Kune nzvimbo dzine ecosystem, iine hunhu hunovabvumidza kuve nemhando dzakasiyana uye dzakakura kwazvo.
Aya mawedzero enyika anoshamisa, ayo azere nehupenyu, haapfuuri 10% yenzvimbo yese yenyika yedu, asi kunyangwe ikaita sengano, ine 70% yezvipenyu zvese zvepasi. Uye zvinosuruvarisa, vazhinji vavo vanotyisidzirwa nenjodzi dzinobva mukukuvadzwa kwatiri kukonzeresa nezviitiko zvakagadziridzwa kuti vararame uye kuchengetedza mararamiro ehuwandu hwevanhu.
Megadiversity uye tsananguro yayo
Nezve Chii chinonzi megadiverse?, megadiversity yakatanga sepfungwa musangano rezvakatipoteredza Conversation International, nechinangwa chekusiyanisa nyika kana matunhu ane kusiyana kukuru kwezvipenyu nemarudzi, mungave mumhuka kana zvirimwa kana zvese zviri zviviri, mukati menzvimbo dzadzo. Matunhu aya ane 70% yezvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi pachikamu chegumi kubva muzana chePasi rose, zvichiita kuti dzive nzvimbo dzakakoshera hupenyu paNyika.
Nekuda kwehunhu hwavo uye hupfumi hwavo hwakakura, aya maparadhiso echisikigo akakosha uye anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nekuchengetwa, nekuti hutano hwepasi hunoenderana neaya mega-akasiyana matunhu.
Nekudaro, kune njodzi dzakawanda dzinoisa kuvepo kwavo panjodzi, nyaya dzakadai sekudziya kwepasi, kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezviwanikwa, kupindirwa kwenzvimbo nevanhu, kusvibiswa uye nezvimwe zvakawanda, sekuvhima zvisiri pamutemo mhuka dziri mungozi. kuunzwa kwemarudzi anoparadza, uye mamwe akawanda anotyisidzira kuvapo kwawo.
Nechinangwa chakasimba chekuyedza kumisa njodzi iyi, zvimwe zvirongwa, zvirongwa uye mibatanidzwa zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza, seBoka reKufanana-Minded Megadiverse Countries, rakazvarwa muMexico muna 2002 uye rinoumbwa nenyika dzinotevera:
- Ositireriya
- Brasil
- Mekisiko
- China
- Korombiya
- Indonezhiya
- Philippines
- Kenya
- South Africa
- Venezuela
- Kosita Rika
- Ekwadho
- India
- Peru
- Argentina
- Borivhiya
- Indonezhiya
- Malasia
Hunhu hwe megadiversity
Nyika idzi dzine matunhu ane zvimwe zvakasarudzika kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakavatendera kuti vave nyika dzinonzi megadiverse. Izvo zvakakosha zve megadiversity uye megadiverse nyika zvakanyorwa pazasi:
- Nharaunda: megadiverse nyika dziri munzvimbo dzinopisa kana padyo nayo.
- saizi huru: saizi yenyika idzi yazvibvumira kuve nekuwedzera kwakakura kwenzvimbo uye, nekudaro, hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana.
- Pfuma muzvitsuwa kana peninsula: Dzimwe dzenzvimbo idzi dzine zvitsuwa zviri kure nedzimwe nzvimbo uye zvine mhando dzemhuka nezvinomera dziripo uye dzakasiyana nenzvimbo idzodzo. Chimwe chinhu, sekuparadzaniswa kwedzimwe nzvimbo, sezvinoitika kuSouth America neNorth America, chinhu chinofarira kutaridzika kwemarudzi chaiwo munharaunda yega yega.
- Yakasiyana siyana yenzvimbo: mukati meidzi nharaunda dzakakosha tinogona kuwana kuti kune nzvimbo dzerenje, nyanza, makungwa, zvitsuwa, masango, masango nenzvimbo dzine makomo, pakati pevamwe.
- Evolutionary uye tsika nhoroondo: Musanganiswa pakati pemarudzi ane mabviro akasiyana uye mukana wekupfuya mhuka dzemuno nemiti wakaita nyasha huru kunhaka huru yenzvimbo idzi nekufamba kwenguva.
Semuenzaniso wendima ye megadiverse tine Mexico. Munharaunda iyi, nhamba yakakura kwazvo yemarudzi ezvinokambaira munyika yakatarisana, ndiyo yechipiri mumhando dzemammalian, yechina mumhando dzeamphibian uye yechishanu mukubata kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa.
Mukuwedzera, chimwe chimiro chakakodzera ndechokuti chikamu chikuru chemarudzi ose anowanikwa imomo anowanikwa kune Ecosystems yeMexico, izvo zvaita kuti ive yakasarudzika, ine rombo uye yakakosha nzvimbo nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana uye hupfumi mu ecosystem.
Makondinendi uye nyika dzine megadiversity
Sekureva kweEnvironmental Conservation Monitoring Center, runyoro rwakaumbwa runosanganisira nyika gumi nenomwe dzakatsanangurwa sedzakasiyana-siyana uye dzinogovana, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuve nenzvimbo iri padyo nenzvimbo dzinopisa, dzine hukuru hukuru. kusiyana-siyana kwemamiriro ekunze, nharaunda nevhu, nharaunda nemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinhu zvakakosha pakuvandudzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye hupfumi hwemhando dzemhuka dziripo munzvimbo idzodzo.
Kuti tivazive zviri nani, takavaparadzira nekondinendi, kureva America, Asia, Africa neOceania. Nyika dzakanzi megadiverse, dziri mumakondinendi, ndidzo dzakanyorwa pazasi:
America
Mukondinendi yeAmerica, imwe yeanomiririrwa zvakanyanya, tine:
- Brasil
- Korombiya
- Ekwadho
- United States
- Mekisiko
- Peru
- Venezuela
Asia
MuAsia tinogona kuwana nyika dzakaita se:
- China
- Philippines
- Indonezhiya
- India
- Malasia
Africa
MuAfrica, megadiversity iripo mu:
- South Africa
- Madhagasika
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
Oceania
Oceania haisi kure kumashure uye ine sevanosimudzira hupfumi hwayo hwakasiyana-siyana:
- Ositireriya
- Papua New Guinea
Pamakondinendi akaongororwa, America ndiyo nyika ine rombo rakanaka, maererano nekuve nenyika dzine megadiverse, ichiteverwa neAsia. Pamakondinendi maviri aya ndipo patinogona kuwana nyika dzine zvipenyu zvakakura, zvinoti Brazil, Colombia, Mexico neChina.
Brazil ndiyo nharaunda ine nhamba huru yemasango eAmazonian, ayo anobva aishandura kuita nyika ine megadiversity yakakura., nemhaka yokuti Amazon inozivikanwa nokuda kwokuva sango rinopisa zvikuru rine zvipenyu zvakawanda zvikurusa paPasi.
Izvo chaizvo munyika iyoyo, kwaunogona kuwana huwandu hukuru hwemarudzi ezvirimwa, primates, amphibians uye kunyange zvipembenene zvakawanda, sezvazvakaita nemhando ye butterfly. Nenzira iyi, munharaunda yeBrazil inenge 20% yezvakakwana zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi. Zvisinei, inotyisidzirwa nemibato yavanhu, yakadai sokutema masango ayo nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokutengeserana, zvose nokuda kwehuni dzayo uye kuwedzera ivhu rinorimika kana kuti mabasa okurima.
Kutevera nyika yeRio, iColombia, China neMexico, iyo imwe neimwe ine chikamu chegumi chese chezvisikwa zvipenyu zviri paNyika mukati menzvimbo dzazvo. Munzvimbo idzi, dzave dzichionekwa separadhiso izere nehupenyu, kwakasiyana siyana kwezvipenyu zvinogona kuwanikwa, senge mamoor, mapani, materu eAndean, manyoro, magwenga, masango anogara achinaya mvura uye nezvimwe zvakawanda, uye nekuda kwaizvozvo, iwo ane hombe. kusiyana-siyana kwemarudzi.
Kana ukatora imwe yenyika idzi gumi nenomwe woiongorora, uchaona kuti yakakosha nekuti ine hunhu hwakasiyana hunoisiyanisa uye inoita kuti ive yakakosha nenzira dzakasiyana. Vazhinji, kunze kwokuva megadiverse, vakazvigadza vamene somuenzaniso unofanira kuteverwa pamusoro pokuchengetedza marudzi azvo, sezvinoitwa muEcuador; dzimwe dzinotanhamara nokuda kwemhatsa yadzo huru, kwete bedzi mumhuka dzadzo asiwo mumhuka dzadzo dzapasi nedzomugungwa, sezvinoitwa neAustralia, nzvimbo umo marudzi mazhinjisa ezvipenyu anogara aripo, nemhaka yomuitiro wayo wokuva chitsuwa.
Dzimwe nyika dzine mega siyana, Iwo anoratidzirwa nehuwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu zvavanazvo paskweya mita, sezvakaitika kuColombia, kwatinogona kuwana kunosvika 19% yehupenyu hwese hwemhuka munyika. ndima imwe neimwe megadiverse haigoneki uye izere nehupenyu, saka kuchengetedzwa kwayo kunofanirwa kuve chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha kuchengetedza hutano hwepasi redu.