Paunotarisa denga usiku uye rakajeka, unogona kuona nyeredzi, Mwedzi uye kunyange mamwe mapuraneti, uye ose achipenya nemavara akasiyana, mubvunzo ndewokuti:Mapuraneti ane mavara api??, Muchinyorwa chino muchidimbu chipfupi chichatsanangurwa kuti ndeupi ruvara rwavanarwo?, nzira yekuvaziva uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Iwo Echokwadi Mavara eSolar System Planets
Kwenguva yakareba yave ichifungidzirwa kuti hue yepasi Mars yakatsvuka. Vamwe vanhu vangafunga kuti hazvisizvo.
Kubvunza mubvunzo uchadzokororwa kakawanda munyaya ino, ruvara rwepasi rwakatsvuka here? Mukirasi mudzidzisi anobvunza mubvunzo uyu uye anotanga gakava pamusoro penyaya yacho, uye pakarepo anovaudza kuti vachazviona kuburikidza neteresikopu, nokuti chikamu chekirasi, munhu wose anotanga kufungidzira nyika, achifunga kuti inyika. gorobhu dzvuku ravachaona
Pavanotanga kuona uye kudonongodza kuti harisi ruvara rwavaifunga. Uye kudanidzira kunouya: ine mumwe muvara!
Hongu haina kutsvuka, iyo iyo haisi iyo nzira iyo inoonekwa nemeso emunhu, zvinogona kunzi ndeye orange mutoni. Mumwe mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevanhu ndewekuti, une chokwadi here kuti toni yaunoona nemeso ako ndeyechokwadi? Hapana mubvunzo kuti kubata nenyaya ye tonalities kwakaoma uye kwakaoma.
Ruvara runorevei?
Usati wapindura, zvakakosha kuziva pfungwa yemavara, sezvo iri tsanangudzo ine nheyo yakawanda.
Tonality kana ruvara inzira yekutenda zvirikududzirwa neuropi kana tsinga dzinopa kurongeka kwemafotoreceptors ari muretina yekuona yasvika, kana ichifambiswa nemasaisai akasiyana-siyana anoratidza zvinhu zviri munharaunda. .
Maonero acho anoganhurirwa neruremekedzo kune izvo zvinozivikanwa nezve "inooneka spectrum" inogona kusvika wavelengths anenge 390 kusvika 750 mm. Kune huwandu hukuru hwemawavelength, mamwe pamusoro pemamwe pazasi, ayo ziso haakwanise kubata, matani aya haabatike kune ziso remunhu.
kuziva zvishoma
Kuburikidza neteresikopu ruvara rwepasi runogona kunyatsosiyaniswa. Iro ziso pacharo, nerutsigiro rwemagirazi ekukudza ane zvishoma uye yakawanda yechromatism, iyo inobvumira chinhu kuti chionekwe zvakananga. Uyo ane maziso akakwana achakwanisa kutarisa toni zvakajeka.
Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvinogona kuchinja maonero:
- Rega denga rive rakajeka nemhepo yakakodzera.
- Mudziyo uchashandiswa uri muchimiro chakanaka.
- Kuti munhu ane maonero akanaka.
Pane imwe nzira yekuona mapuraneti nenzira yakakwana uye iri kuburikidza nemifananidzo yakadhindwa, inotorwa neteresikopu iri paNyika, mamwe. Mhando dzeTeresikopu inowanikwa mu orbit kana nema probes.
Mifananidzo yakatorwa nekamera lens yakavimbika here? Midziyo iyi inogadzirwa kukopa toni semaonerwo anoitwa munhu, haana kuchengetedzeka zvakanyanya muchikamu ichocho.
Vanhu vane basa rekutora mifananidzo iyi yenzvimbo vanofanira kuita shanduko kune toni, iyo saturation, tonality nezvimwe.
Nezvese ruzivo urwu zvinofanirwa kuve pachena kuti hazvisi nyore kuziva toni yechokwadi yepasi.
Kunyangwe nekuda kweiyi tekinoroji yese, munhu anogona kuve neruzivo rwekuti toni dzemapuraneti dzakaita sei, zvese izvi zvishandiso zvine magnify lenses, izvo zvinofanirwa kutendwa nekupa pfungwa yekuti chokwadi chakaita sei mu. nyaya iyi. Uye kuchine mubvunzo wekuti kana nyika yakatsvuka?
Chokwadi ndechekuti ine ruvara rweocher, ine yakanyanya brown, orenji uye tsvuku toni, kupfupisa, pakupedzisira yakatsvuka. Ruvara runogona kuonekwa pakuricherechedza rwunokonzerwa nehuwandu hwe iron oxide inowanikwa pamusoro payo uye nemhepo yakatetepa yainayo.
Uye Mamwe Mapuraneti, ane ruvara rwakadini?
Senyika yeMars, pane kusahadzika nezveruvara rwechokwadi rweimwe neimwe yemapuraneti esolar system, ayo ari:
Mercury
Sezvo iri imwe yemapuraneti emukati uye iri pedyo neZuva, hapana mifananidzo yakajeka. BepiColombo iri munzira yekuwana mifananidzo yakajeka yepasi uye nekudaro ita kuongorora kwakadzama, inongomirira mafoto. Parizvino kune mifananidzo yakatorwa neMariner 10 probe uye imwe MESSENGER probe iri kutungamira NASA.
Mercury ine zvakawanda zvakafanana nepasireseti yepasi. Iine mupendero wekunze une matombo, toni dzayo dzakaita grey, ine ma crater akawanda ayo ari mhedzisiro yekudonha kazhinji kweasteroids. Kana iri mhepo yakapoteredza pasi, yakapfava zvikuru, zvokuti havaioni semhepo zvayo.
Venus
Nezvishandiso zvinogadzira kuwedzera?chii chinonzi venus?, Venus inoratidzika sechinhu chiduku zvikuru chebhuruu hue uye yakajeka zvikuru. Sezvaunoziva ruvara rwechokwadi rwakasiyana.
Venus ine matombo akawanda, mhepo yemhepo yakakora ine zvikamu zvemagasi matatu (sarufa, nitrogen uye kabhoni). Pamitsetse yose iyi yemakore, ruvara rwuri kuratidzwa rwakajeka rweyero, nebhandi jena kuNorth pole. Iyo yekunze nzvimbo yematombo haina kujeka kuti i toni yainopa, zviri pachena ndezvekuti rudzi rwedombo rine grey toni.
Jupita
akakura sei Planet Jupiter inopa mukana wekuona mavara avo chaiwo kuburikidza nekukudza lenzi. Une mukana wekuziva hereruvara rwakaita sei jupiter? Ribhoni dzakareruka uye mitsetse yetani yakasviba inoita musanganiswa wekutamba kwakagovaniswa, kunoyeuchidza imwe yekutamba kwemazuva ano.
Kune akati wandei mifananidzo yakatorwa nemaprobes anobvumira kutsanangura mamiriro ayo. Matoni anotsanangurwa nemusanganiswa wemakore ari mairi. Iine ruvara rutsvuku rwakakonzerwa nechinhu chisingazivikanwi, chinogona kuva phosphorus uye sulfuri.
Nyika ino ine mumvuri wekutsvuka, mutsvuku zvakare uripo, mushure meMars. Mumvuri mukuru waanawo unoratidza shanduko nekufamba kwenguva. Inotanga neruvara rutsvuku rwakasimba kuti ruve pachena muzwi rakareruka, zviyero zvaro parizvino zvakapetwa kaviri zveNyika mbiri nehafu, kune mhepo dzemakiromita angangoita mazana mana paawa.
Kuti apedze neJupiter, zvakakosha kutaura pamusoro pemifananidzo yakatorwa neJuno probe, inoratidza bhuruu yakasimba munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba, iyo mifananidzo yakanaka chaizvo, pasinei nokuti NASA yakashuma kuti mavara aya akagadziridzwa.
Saturn
Kumberi zvishoma pane iyo Planet Saturn izvo zvinotipa maonero anoshamisa, pese panoonekwa chimiro chayo uye toni yaro yegoridhe. Nyika ino ine helium nehydrogen sezvinhu zvayo zvikuru, izvi zvinoperekedzwa nezvimwe zvikamu muchikamu chidiki, semuenzaniso ammonia.
Huwandu hukuru hwehaidhirojeni hunopa makore ruvara rutsvuku, ruchiiswa mutsetse nemucheka weammonia uyo kana yabatana nemwaranzi yeultraviolet yeZuva inoita ruvara rwakareruka. Hukama hwezvikamu zviviri izvi zvakabatana zvinoita kuti ocher, goridhe uye ruvara rweyero ioneke, iyo inogona kucherechedzwa kuburikidza nemifananidzo kana zvakananga neziso.
Uranus
Iye zvino tichataura zvishoma nezvemapuraneti ebhuruu. Uranus, i "gasi hofori" ine tembiricha yakadzika kwazvo, inotevera Saturn inoumbwa nehydrogen, ammonia, helium, sulfuric acid, mvura uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine zvishoma muzana. Mifananidzo yepasi rino inotiratidza kuti i toni yakaenzana uye yebhuruu.
Neptune
Nyika yekupedzisira ichakurukurwa ndeyeNeptune, yakafanana chaizvo neye hanzvadzi yayo Uranus, yakafanana muchimiro chavo uye toni yavanayo. Hongu pane zvimwe zvikanganiso, pasi rino rine marine tone iyo yakasimba. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hweammonia uye methane, sezvo iri mberi kubva kuZuva inomira zvakanyanya.
Maererano neruzivo rwazvino, zvinonzwisiswa kuti rondedzero yemapuraneti iri kuramba ichiwedzera, ichiwedzera kutaridzika kwema satellite uye anonzi mapuraneti madiki. Pano hatisi kuzobata nyaya iyi zvakadzama, ingori idi rekuda kuziva. Chimwe chinhu chekuti dai chaitaurwa nezvacho chaive mifananidzo ine mukurumbira apo mamwe mapuraneti anomira pachena.
Muchidimbu, zvinhu zvine pendi zvitatu, mabhainda, pigment uye zvinonyungudutsa.
Nguruve: Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvinogona kuve organic kana inorganic izvo zvinopa dhayi matauriro ayo.
Nguva zhinji zita rinopihwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yarinotangwa, dzimwe nyaya dzekusarudza dzichaziviswa mune dzinotevera dzinokwezva vanhu vakawanda.
Saturn dzvuku, dhayi tsvuku-yerenji, inozivikanwawo seMinium. Imwe yezvisungo zvayo ndeye tripolino tetra oxide uye akati wandei epurasitiki maartist akaishandisa kugadzira hwaro, yekuomesa mumiriri kune mamwe madhayi kana chimwe chinhu kugadzira musanganiswa nemamwe madhayi, zvese izvi nekuda kwekuderera kwayo kwehupfumi.
Cinnabar kubva kuSaturn, iyi dhayi ndeye lead-tin yero, yakareruka yeyero mumvuri inogadzirwa nemutobvu-tin dhaikisaidhi. Iyo inotangira kubva mumavheni kuita hunyanzvi negirazi.
Mars Pigments (Yero uye Tsvuku): Yekutanga yakagadzirwa inoratidzika kunge iri muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, yaive yero iron pigment nekunaya kwemvura, dhayi iyi yakashanda sehwaro hwekugadzira mamwe madhayi, parizvino vane zita reMars pigments.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LL6g3moTRLY