Nyaya yekwakabva mvura panyika inokosha uye yakaoma, sezvo Nyika yarasikirwa nehumbowo hwese hwekuumbwa kwayo nekuti ipasi rinogara richishanda. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakuratidza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvekwakabva mvura panyika!
Ndekupi Kwakabva Mvura Panyika?
Mvura iri pamusoro penyika chinhu chisingawanzoitiki kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nyika dzakadzidzwa. Nekuda kwekukosha kwemvura pakutsigira hupenyu, mubvunzo wekwakabva mvura panyika unokosha zvikuru. Dambudziko guru mukuferefeta mubvunzo uyu nderekuti Nyika yarasikirwa nezviratidzo zvese zvekuumbwa kwayo, sezvo iri nyika inoshanda.
Tagara tichizvibvunza kuti , "Mvura yakasikwa sei?" Dzimwe nguva zvinofungidzirwa kuti mvura yakasvika paNyika iri muasteroids, chibereko chezvakasara zvekuenderana kwesimba rezuva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti madonhwe aya akadonha paNyika semugumisiro wekubhomba kusingaperi kwakatora makore mamiriyoni makumi maviri kusvika makungwa nemakungwa zvaumbwa.
Mvura yemazuva ano paPasi iripo kubvira pakuumbwa kwayo kusingajairiki uye kusingaenzaniswi, chekutanga, nekudzidza kwemamwe mapuraneti ane matombo asina mvura yepamusoro uye chechipiri, nepfungwa yekukanganisa kukuru pakati peproto-Earth neMars- saizi yepuraneti embryo, iyo yakaumba Mwedzi.
Chiitiko chakashata chakadaro chinofanira kunge chakaputika chero mvura iripo, ichisiya Nyika yakaoma, mushure mechiitiko ichi tine zvingasarudzwa zviviri zvekutsanangura kuvapo kwemvura paNyika, mvura yakadzoka gare gare, mushure menjodzi, muchimiro chechando kana asteroids akapfuma mu mvura kana kuti giant impact yanga isina kukura zvekusapedza mvura yese paNyika.
Nepo Nyika neVenus zvichionekwa sehanzvadzi mapatya, kushanduka kwavo kwemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze kwakasiyana kwakasiyana, zvichikonzera mhepo yemazuva ano yeVenus pakumanikidza kwe92 bar kudziyisa kusvika 470 ° C, kusiyana nekudziya kwakadzikama. uye kudzvinyirirwa kwe1 bar paPasi penyika.
Nekudaro, chiitiko chekuputika kwemakomo uye kushanduka kwegasi hazvinyanyi kutaurwa paVenus kupfuura paPasi, nekuti hapana kufamba kwendiro pairi, kupisa kwemhepo paVenus kunosanganisira kushoma kudzokororwa kwezvinoputika mujasi.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kushanduka kwemhepo yeVenus kuri nyore kunzwisisa uye kugadzira shanduko ye geological, zvakare, nekuda kwekuswedera kwavo, Nyika neVenus dzinofanirwa kunge dzakabvuma rudzi rumwe rwezvinhu munhoroondo yavo, zvese izvi zviso zvine Harmonious zvinoita kuti Venus ive chinhu. nzvimbo yakanaka yekudzidza nezve shanduko yemapuraneti epasi.
Chichishandisa manhamba ekuenzanisa kwekukanganisa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeasteroid dzine huwandu hwemvura hwakasiyana-siyana, chikwata chakaona kuti maasteroid ane mvura anodhumhana neVenus uye kuburitsa mvura yawo semhute haakwanise kutsanangura maumbirwo emhepo yeVenus sezvaari.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti asteroid zvinhu kuti akarova Venus uye saka Earth, pashure hofori kukanganisa, aifanira kuoma, izvo zvaidzivisa replenishing Earth nemvura vachishandisa asteroids, nokudaro mvura haingaiti It yakanyangarika pashure hofori kukanganisa, izvo zvinoreva kuti, zvichida, kazhinji. rakanga rakadzika kwazvo muNyika.
Pfungwa iyi ine kupesana kwakadzama kwekugara kweNyika yekare, Venus, uye Mars, sezvo zvichiratidza kuti mapuraneti angangove akaumbwa nemvura inenge yakazara uye akaiparadza nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo Mars idiki zvakanyanya, yakapambadza zvese. mvura yayo apo hupenyu hwakashanduka paNyika.
KuVenus, mhedzisiro iyi inopa chiedza chakawanda pamusoro pechidzidzo chemakungwa emvura pamusoro penyika uye kubatsira kudzikamisa huwandu hwemvura hunogona kutarisirwa paVenus, ruzivo urwu runogona kubatsira mamisheni emuchadenga kuVenus.
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinotsanangura mavambo emvura yepasi :
Chekutanga danho
Muchiitiko chekutanga, mamorekuru emvura angadai akadzivirirwa kubva mumwaranzi yezuva mukati me "guruva" regore rekutanga, panguva yekuumbwa kweSolar System, apo guruva rakawedzera kuumba planetoids, mvura yakaramba yakachengetedzwa mukati.
Mapuraneti akabva adzikira sezvaaikura, izvo zvaimanikidza mvura kubuda kunze, zvishoma kunge chipanji chakazara nemvura chiri kusvinwa, yegasi rakaita secarbon dioxide richibudiswa mukuwirirana, richigadzira mhepo.
PaPasi, mamiriro etembiricha nekumanikidza kwakaita kuti mvura ipfuure iri mvura uye nekudaro, makungwa. Vakaonekwa, vakachengetedzwa kubva mumwaranzi yemhepo, mvura yakakwanisa kuzvichengetedza kusvikira nhasi.
PaVenus, tembiricha yepamusoro yakachengeta mvura muchimiro chemhute: mwaranzi yakabva yapwanya mamorekuru emvura mumhepo yokumusoro uye pakupedzisira hydrogen yakadzingwa mumvura, nhasi, mvura inenge isipo paVenus.
Chiitiko chechipiri
Chimwe chiitiko chinosanganisira maasteroids nemacomets: anobva kunzvimbo dziri kure kwazvo dzeSolar System, idzo dzine mvura yakawanda; zvisinei, pakutanga kwenhoroondo yesolar system, kuputika kwacho kwakawanda nekuti huwandu hwakawanda hwemitumbi hwakaramba huchitenderera mukati me protoplanetary disk muPlanetary Transit ; izvi zvaigona kuunza huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura kuPasi, ichibva kumiganhu yeSolar System.
Zvakacherechedzwa nhasi zvinotaridza kuratidza kuti ese ari maviri aya mamiriro akaita basa mukutsanangura huwandu hwazvino hwemvura yemvura paNyika.
danho rechitatu
Mumakore achangopfuura, chiitiko chechitatu chave chichionekwa, zvinoita sechinokwanisika kutakura mvura kune nyeredzi, mune zvisingarambiki mapuraneti masisitimu, kutaura zvazviri, kucherechedzwa kweexoplanets kwakatungamira pakuwanikwa kwenhamba huru yegesi hofori iri pedyo nenyeredzi yavo, munzvimbo inogarochengeterwa mapuraneti epasi.
Naizvozvo, zvaive zvakafanira kufungidzira kutama kwekufungidzira kwemapuraneti pakutanga kwenhoroondo yeaya mapuraneti masisitimu, hofori dzegasi dzingadai dzakaumba kure nenyeredzi yadzo, senge mune solar system, asi dzakabva dzatamira kune nyeredzi yavo nekuda kwekudyidzana zvakasara poda disc.
Iyi inzira yakanaka yekuunza mvura yakawanda kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure kusvika kumatunhu ari pedyo nenyeredzi, maitiro acho akafanana neaya ecomets, asi pamwero mukuru zvikuru sezvo anosanganisira mapuraneti ose! Tichifunga kuti hofori dzegasi dzinopedzisira dzarasikirwa nehydrogen nehelium nekuda kwemwaranzi yenyeredzi, dzinogona kuve dzechokwadi mapuraneti-makungwa, kuvepo kwemakondinendi kwaisazogoneka ipapo nekuti kudzika kwemvura kwaizobva pamazana mashoma kusvika kuzviuru. yemakiromita.
Dzidziso dzeMabviro eMvura Panyika
Masayendisiti anga achikurukura nezvedzidziso yemvura uye kuti yakaonekwa sei panyika yedu kwenguva yakareba. Nyanzvi zhinji dzinoomerera papfungwa yekuti mvura yakaunzwa panyika makore angangoita mabhiriyoni 3.600 apfuura, kunyangwe panguva yekuumbwa kwepasi, apo zviuru zvemaasteroid makuru nemadiki nemacomet zvakaramba zvichiirwisa.
Masayendisiti anotenda kuti mamwe emaasteroids aya aive akakura uye aine huwandu hwakanaka hwemvura muchimiro chemhute, mvura kana ice, ikozvino dzidziso nyowani yabuda, nyanzvi dzeJapan dzinoratidza kuti inenge mvura yese yePasi yakaonekwa pano kwete Yakanga iri. akaunzwa kubva muchadenga.
Nyanzvi dzezve geology kubva kuTokyo Institute of Technology dzinoti, panguva yekusikwa kweNyika , ma "layer" makuru ehydrogen aivepo muchimiro cheNyika , izvo zvakapinda mukuita kwemakemikari pamwe neoxygen iri mu "mantle" eNyika, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwemvura panyika yakawanda kwazvo.
Nyanzvi dzeGeologist dzinofungidzira kuti mushure mekuumbwa kwepasi, kwaipisa zvakanyanya uye kwakaoma, mune dzidziso mamiriyoni emvura-akapfuma comets uye asteroids akarwisa Nyika makore mazhinji apfuura, izvo zvakare zvinoburitsa pachena kuti sei makungwa akaonekwa mushure mekunge apedza kurongeka. planet.
