Wakambozvibvunza here kuti zvinhu zvose zvakatanga sei, kana kuti zvakasikwa here kana kuti zvakangoerekana zvaitika? Kune dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro penyaya iyi, uye munyaya ino tichakuratidza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvekwakabva zvinhu zvose.
Kune fungidziro dzakawanda pamusoro pekwakabva zvinhu zvose, sezvakangoitawo dzimwe pamusoro pekwakabva zvinhu zvose uye kushanduka-shanduka kweNyika yatiri kurarama nayo nhasi. Dzimwe dzidziso dzinosanganisira dzidziso yeBig Bang, dzidziso yeSteady State, dzidziso yeOscillating World, uye dzidziso yeInflationary. Kana uchifarira nyaya iyi, unogona zvakare kuverenga nezvekwakabva zvinhu zvose kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Sezvo munhu aripo, mavambo ekuvapo kwake agara achibvunzwa, nei hupenyu hwake uye zvechokwadi, nyika yaanogara kana yaanogara.
Saka, kwemakore mazhinji munguva dzakasiyana-siyana, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzesainzi yekusika dzakauya nedzidziso dzakasiyana dzinoedza kutsanangura kuti zvakasikwa zvakabva kupi , nemafambiro akabatana nemashoko pamusoro pekwakabva nyika.
Nhasi uno kune dzidziso ina maererano nekwakabva zvinhu zvose, mbiri chete ndidzo dzinogamuchirwa kuti dzitsanangure kuti zvinhu zvose zvakaumbwa sei , idzi idzidziso yeBig Bang nedzidziso yeInflationary.
Big Bang Dzidziso
Chokwadi chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvekwakabva chisiko chapose pose chakavakirwa panjodzi yomuchadenga isina kumboitika munhau, inonzi Big Bang. Vaya vanodzivirira Big Bang vanoti zvakaitika makore 10.000 20.000 kana XNUMX XNUMX mamiriyoni apfuura.
Kuvhunduka kukuru kwakaita kuti simba rese nezvinhu zviri panyika (kusanganisira nzvimbo nenguva) zvibude panguva iyoyo kubva kune chero rudzi rwesimba risingazivikanwe. Fungidziro inoramba ichiti mushure mekuputsika kwese, kuwedzera kwaizoenderera mberi, imwe Big Bang, nezvimwewo zvakatevedzana munhevedzano yese yeBig Bangs neBig Crunches, zvichiratidza huwandu husingaperi hwepasirese. Kunyangwe dzidziso iyi isingatsananguri mavambo eBig Bang pachayo, inokosha kune dzidziso pamusoro pepasirese.
Dzidziso yeInflationary
Mukuratidzwa kwekutanga kweBig Bang hypothesis vaive nezvimwe zvisina kugadziriswa. Mamiriro ezvinhu pazuva rekuputika haana kubvumira mitemo yakajairika yemuviri kuti ishandiswe.
Aya ndiwo maitiro akazvarwa dzidziso iyi, iyo yaizogadzirwa mukutanga 80s nemusayendisiti weAmerica Alan Guth.
Zvinoenderana nefungidziro iyi, chakakonzera kuputika kukuru kwaive simba rekukwira kwemitengo rakashandiswa kwenguva yakakosha, zvichibvumira nzvimbo yekuona yenyika kuti iumbe.
Dzidziso ye inflationary inosiyanisa pakati penyika chaiyo nenyika inoonekwa. Nyika inoonekwa ndiyo inogarwa nevanhu uye idiki pane nyika chaiyo. Uyezve, dzidziso iyi inotibatsirawo kunzwisisa zvisikwa zvisingaperi.
Cosmic inflation inozviratidza sechinhu chakanyanya kusimba, chinopisa uye chine simba rose nehukuru hwenyika, kunyangwe idiki pane proton, inobuda mukupararira kunoramba kuripo mumamiriyoni emakore apfuura kubva ipapo. nguva iyoyo..
Kutsiga State Theory
Iyo Steady State prototype yakatsanangurwa muna 1948 naHerman Bondí, Thomas Gorofu naFred Holyle. Bondi neGorofu zvakaratidza kupokana kwehuzivi, zvichidaidza iyo inonzi "Perfect Cosmological Principle" uko nyika, zvakare ine homogeneous, inoratidza chitarisiko chakafanana chero nguva.
Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yeStady State, cosmos yagara iri. Chinhu chakakosha chekururamisa uku ichokwadi chekuti nyika, kunyangwe kufambira mberi kwayo kwekuparadzira, inogara iine hukama hwakafanana, nekuda kwekusikwa kwayo kwenyaya itsva.
Iyi fungidziro, iyo yakanga iri mukukura kwayo muma50, yagara ichipikiswa nenyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotsigira dzidziso yeBig Bang nhasi.
Ndiani akazvisika?
Mumakore ekuma1930, James Jeans aive mumwe wevakatanga kufungidzira nezveSteady State cosmology, iyo inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu asingaperi epasi rose. Pfungwa idzi dzine chekuitawo nekwakabva mwedzi.
Oscillating Universe Theory
Iyi Oscillating kana Pulsating theory ifungidziro yakarongwa naRichard Tolman iyo inotitaurira kuti nyika ichava yekupedzisira yevakawanda kubuda kubva munguva yakapfuura, nekuda kwekuputika kunoramba kuripo uye kuputika.
Nyanzvi yefizikisi ine mukurumbira yakasimbisa kuti cosmos haina kuzvarwa kwakafanana, asi zvave zvichienderera mberi "Kugadzira" uye "Kuparadza" pachayo, ichipfuura nechikamu chekuwedzera uye imwe yekumisikidza (inozivikanwawo seBig Crunch).
Fungidziro iyi yakarambwa nekuwanikwa kwema microwave (1965), izvo zvakasimbisa kuti nyika inofanira kunge yaimbopisa uye yakazadzwa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvepfungwa iyi, unogona kuona "The Sounds of the Universe ."
Zvisinei, vakadzoka zvakare mu cosmology semuenzaniso we cyclical, iyo inokwanisa kudzivisa zviratidzo zvose zvakakonzera kuti Oscillating Universe theory iraswe muma80.
Chii chinonzi Big Crunch?
Kuderera kukurusa kwehukuru hwenyeredzi (implosion) munhau ndiyo inowanzonzi Big Crunch, pasina mubvunzo idzidziso yakavakirwa pakuguma kwenyika kwava pedyo muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Cyclic Universe Theory
Munguva ye1930s, nyanzvi dzefizikisi, kunyanya Albert Einstein, dzakafunga nezve mukana weiyo cyclic modhi yepasirese seimwe nzira kune Big Bang.
Nyika yeNyika ine makore mangani?
Zera renyika, maererano nedzidziso yeBig Bang, inguva yenhoroondo yepasirese inoganhurirwa nekusvika kwayo uye kupararira kubva mukusaenderana kwayo kwakasiyana muBig Bang. Ikozvino masayendisiti kugadzirisa ndeye 13,787 plus kana kubvisa 0,020 bhiriyoni makore.
The Big Bang
Mucosmology, Big Bang, inozivikanwawo seKuputika Kukuru, inonzwisiswa sekutanga kwenyika, ndiko kuti, pekutangira ndiyo yakagadzira zvinhu, nzvimbo, uye nguva. Zvinoenderana neiyo cosmological modhi, iyo Big Bang yakaitika makore 13800 bhiriyoni apfuura.
Main Astronomer yeKuputika kwePasirose
Nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga Edwin Hubble (1889-1953), ndiye aive musayendisiti akakosha kwazvo wezana remakore rechi20, akapihwa mubairo wekutenda kwake kwakazara kuti muna 1929 akanga aratidza kupararira kwenyika nekuyera kutsvuka kwemagalaksi ari kure, izvi zvakare zvichienderana neScientific Dissemination Article yeSolar System.
Hubble anoremekedzwa sababa vezvekutarisisa cosmology, uye mipiro yake kune yenyeredzi uye yenyeredzi yakapararira munzvimbo dzakawanda.
