Wakamboshamisika kuti denga rakatanga sei, kana rakasikwa kana kungoonekwa, pane akati wandei dzidziso nezvenyaya iyi uye mune ino chinyorwa tinokuratidza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvazvo. mavambo echisiko chapose pose.
Pane fungidziro dzinoverengeka dzekwakabva denga nenyika pamwe chete ne Origin and Evolution of the Earth matiri pari zvino. Dzimwe dzidziso dzinosanganisira Big Bang theory, Steady State theory, Oscillating World theory, uye Inflationary theory. Kana iwe uchifarira musoro wenyaya, unogonawo kuverenga nezvazvo mavambo echisiko chapose pose maererano nemamwe manyuko.
Sezvo munhu aripo, mavambo ekuvapo kwake agara achibvunzwa, nei hupenyu hwake uye zvechokwadi, nyika yaanogara kana yaanogara.
Nenzira iyi, kwemakore akawanda panguva dzakasiyana, vadzidzi vazhinji vesainzi yekusika vakauya nedzidziso dzakasiyana dzinoedza kutsanangura. chii chakavamba chisiko chapose pose, nekufamba kwakabatana nemashoko pamusoro pemavambo enyika.
Nhasi kune dzidziso ina dzine chokuita nemavambo echisiko chapose pose, pane idzi mbiri chete dzinowanzobvumirwa kutsanangura kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa sei, idzi ndidzo Big Bang uye Inflationary theories.
Big Bang Dzidziso
Chokwadi chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvekwakabva chisiko chapose pose chakavakirwa panjodzi yomuchadenga isina kumboitika munhau, inonzi Big Bang. Vaya vanodzivirira Big Bang vanoti zvakaitika makore 10.000 20.000 kana XNUMX XNUMX mamiriyoni apfuura.
Kuvhunduka kukuru kwakakonzera simba rose rinozivikanwa uye zvinhu zviri munyika (kusanganisira nzvimbo nenguva) kuti zvioneke panguva iyoyo semarudzi ese esimba risingazivikanwe. Iyo fungidziro inoenderera ichitsigira kuti mushure mekudonha kwese, kuwedzera kwaizotevera, imwe Big Bang, zvichingodaro munhevedzano yeBig Bangs uye Big Crunch iyo yaizoratidzawo isingaperi nhamba yenyika. Kunyangwe iyi dzidziso isingatsananguri matangiro eBig Bang pachayo, yakakosha mune dzidziso pamusoro pechadenga.
Dzidziso yeInflationary
Mukuratidzwa kwekutanga kweBig Bang hypothesis vaive nezvimwe zvisina kugadziriswa. Mamiriro ezvinhu pazuva rekuputika haana kubvumira mitemo yakajairika yemuviri kuti ishandiswe.
Aya ndiwo maitiro akazvarwa dzidziso iyi, iyo yaizogadzirwa mukutanga 80s nemusayendisiti weAmerica Alan Guth.
Zvinoenderana nefungidziro iyi, chakakonzera kuputika kukuru kwaive simba rekukwira kwemitengo rakashandiswa kwenguva yakakosha, zvichibvumira nzvimbo yekuona yenyika kuti iumbe.
Dzidziso yeInflationary inosiyanisa pakati penyika chaiyo nenyika inoonekwa. Iyi nyika inoonekwa ndiyo inogarwa nemunhu uye idiki pane nyika chaiyo. Mukuwedzera, iyi dzidziso inobatsirawo kunzwisisa denga risingaperi.
Cosmic inflation inozviratidza sechinhu chakanyanya kusimba, chinopisa uye chine simba rose nehukuru hwenyika, kunyangwe idiki pane proton, inobuda mukupararira kunoramba kuripo mumamiriyoni emakore apfuura kubva ipapo. nguva iyoyo..
Kutsiga State Theory
Iyo Steady State prototype yakatsanangurwa muna 1948 naHerman Bondí, Thomas Gorofu naFred Holyle. Bondi neGorofu zvakaratidza kupokana kwehuzivi, zvichidaidza iyo inonzi "Perfect Cosmological Principle" uko nyika, zvakare ine homogeneous, inoratidza chitarisiko chakafanana chero nguva.
Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yeStady State, cosmos yagara iri. Chinhu chakakosha chekururamisa uku ichokwadi chekuti nyika, kunyangwe kufambira mberi kwayo kwekuparadzira, inogara iine hukama hwakafanana, nekuda kwekusikwa kwayo kwenyaya itsva.
Iyi fungidziro, iyo yakanga iri mukukura kwayo muma50, yagara ichipikiswa nenyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotsigira dzidziso yeBig Bang nhasi.
Ndiani akazvisika?
James Jeans, muma1930s, aive mumwe wekutanga kufungidzira Steady State cosmology, inova fungidziro yekugadzwa kwechigarire kwenyaya munyika. Zvakare, aya maconcepts anoenderana ne kwakabva mwedzi.
Oscillating Universe Theory
Iyi Oscillating kana Pulsating theory ifungidziro yakarongwa naRichard Tolman iyo inotitaurira kuti nyika ichava yekupedzisira yevakawanda kubuda kubva munguva yakapfuura, nekuda kwekuputika kunoramba kuripo uye kuputika.
Nyanzvi yefizikisi ine mukurumbira yakasimbisa kuti cosmos haina kuzvarwa kwakafanana, asi zvave zvichienderera mberi "Kugadzira" uye "Kuparadza" pachayo, ichipfuura nechikamu chekuwedzera uye imwe yekumisikidza (inozivikanwawo seBig Crunch).
Iyi fungidziro yakarambwa nekuzarurwa kwema microwaves (1965), iyo yakasimbisa kuti nyika inofanira kunge yaipisa uye yakaoma pane imwe nguva. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve iyi pfungwa, unogona kuona iyo manzwi emuchadenga.
Zvisinei, vakadzoka zvakare mu cosmology semuenzaniso we cyclical, iyo inokwanisa kudzivisa zviratidzo zvose zvakakonzera kuti Oscillating Universe theory iraswe muma80.
Chii chinonzi Big Crunch?
Kuderera kukurusa kwehukuru hwenyeredzi (implosion) munhau ndiyo inowanzonzi Big Crunch, pasina mubvunzo idzidziso yakavakirwa pakuguma kwenyika kwava pedyo muzana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Cyclic Universe Theory
Munguva ye1930s, nyanzvi dzefizikisi, kunyanya Albert Einstein, dzakafunga nezve mukana weiyo cyclic modhi yepasirese seimwe nzira kune Big Bang.
Nyika yeNyika ine makore mangani?
Zera renyika, maererano nedzidziso yeBig Bang, inguva yenhoroondo yepasirese inoganhurirwa nekusvika kwayo uye kupararira kubva mukusaenderana kwayo kwakasiyana muBig Bang. Ikozvino masayendisiti kugadzirisa ndeye 13,787 plus kana kubvisa 0,020 bhiriyoni makore.
The Big Bang
Mucosmology, Big Bang, inozivikanwawo seKuputika Kukuru, inonzwisiswa sekutanga kwenyika, ndiko kuti, pekutangira ndiyo yakagadzira zvinhu, nzvimbo, uye nguva. Zvinoenderana neiyo cosmological modhi, iyo Big Bang yakaitika makore 13800 bhiriyoni apfuura.
Main Astronomer yeKuputika kwePasirose
Nyanzvi yenyeredzi Edwin Hubble (1889-1953), akanga ari musayendisiti anokosha zvikurusa wezana ramakore rechi 1929, akapiwa nokuda kwokupwiswa kwake kwose kuti muna XNUMX akanga aratidzira kupararira kwenyika kupfurikidza nokuyera kutsvuka kwemapoka enyeredzi ari kure, ikokuwo maererano ne Solar System Scientific Kuzivisa Chinyorwa.
Hubble anoremekedzwa sababa vezvekutarisisa cosmology, uye mipiro yake kune yenyeredzi uye yenyeredzi yakapararira munzvimbo dzakawanda.
