Haisi iyo nyika yedu chete ine mwedzi, yakawanda yezvisikwa zvekudenga zvinoumba zuva rezuva rine mwedzi unopfuura mumwe chete, ndizvo zvakaita Mars, iyo ine maitiro maviri emasatelliti achiri kuongororwa. Dzidza mune ino chinyorwa zvese nezve masatellite eMars.
Chii chinonzi Mwedzi yeMars?
Nyika yeMars ine ma satellite maviri echisikigo, anonziwo mwedzi, madiki uye mazita avo ndiPhobos neDeimos, zvinofungidzirwa kuti maasteroid akavharirwa nesimba regiravhiti renyika dzvuku, zvinowanzoitika kuti vanobva kumhepo. steroid bhandi kuti vari pakati peMars neJupiter kana ivo vanogonawo kubva kumiganhu yeSolar System.
Aya masatelliti akawanikwa mugore ra1877 naAsaph Hall, nyanzvi yenyeredzi yekuAmerica. Yakapiwa zita rayo nevanakomana vaAres, Mwari wechiGiriki weHondo, iro muRoma ndiMwari Mars: Phobos zvinoreva kutya uye Deimos zvinoreva kutya kana kutya.
Pamberi pekuwanikwa chaiko kwe mwedzi yeMars, paiva nefungidziro pamusoro pokuvapo kwayo. Johannes Kepler akafanotaura nhamba yemasatelliti pasi pano muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, zvisinei, akaita izvi chete nemasvomhu, nokuti panguva iyo yaifungidzirwa kuti Jupita satelliti vaive nemwedzi mina, nyika imwe chete uye nekubvisa Kepler akati Mars yaive nemwedzi miviri.
Mwedzi iyi ndeimwe midiki pane inotenderera zuva.
Zvavari?
Phobos ndiwo mwedzi mukurusa, unotoita kunge cratered asteroid. Phobos neDeimos vanogara vachiratidza chiso chakafanana munzira yepasi ravo. Ose ari maviri akanyudzwa muguruva, dombo rakasununguka uye anobva kunzvimbo dzakasviba zvakanyanya dzesolar system.
Nyanzvi yenyeredzi Asafi Hall yakaongorora mwedzi yeMars zvine simba, kutozosvikira usiku hwemwedzi waAugust wegore ra1877 paakakanda mapfumo pasi, kwaiva kutenda kumudzimai wake akamukurudzira kupfuurira, uyo akatangazve kuongorora. Husiku hwakatevera akawana Phobos uye husiku hutanhatu gare gare akazivisa Deimos.
Mushure memakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana, Mariner 9 yakakwanisa kuona ese satellite zviri nani kubva kutenderera kwayo kuMars, ichitsvaga gomba paPhobos rinenge makiromita gumi muhupamhi.
Nzira yekufamba kwePhobos neDeimos yakasiyana neyemwedzi wepasi:
- Phobos: inofamba kwenguva pfupi uye inogara kuMabvazuva uye inowedzera kuMadokero mushure memaawa gumi nerimwe.
- Iti: kana ikafamba kubva kuMabvazuva uye kunyange kutora mazuva 2,7 kuti igadzirise nekuda kwekutenderera kwayo, iyo inononoka zvikuru kupfuura iyo yeMars, inotora maawa makumi matatu chete kuti ifambe nenzira yayo.
Deimos
Muna 1977, Deimos akatorwa mifananidzo kekutanga neUKing 1. Chitarisiko chake chakanyanya kune dzimwe nyika uye chinowanikwa chakasanganiswa nematombo akapfuma muchando nekabhoni.
Inofungidzirwa kuva asteroid uye nekutenderera kwayo yakashandura nzvimbo inokwevera yeJupiter uye yakazomiswa neMars. Yakanyanya kuenzana muhukuru kupfuura Phobos uye ine dhayamita ingangoita 30 km.
Mwedzi mudiki pane dzimwe nyika ndiDeimos, une chiuru chimwe chete chesimba rinokwevera repasi. Munhu ane 80-kilogram aingofunga nezve 80 gramu yesatellite. Ichi chitsvuku uye chakasviba chinhu (Deimos) chinotora maawa makumi matatu kupedzisa kutenderera kwayo kutenderera Mars.
Kana tikacherechedza kubva kuMars, Deimos inongova nzvimbo mudenga, yakaoma kusiyanisa pakati penyeredzi. Kana tikaicherechedza kubva kuDeimos, Mars inzvimbo yakakwirira zvakapetwa kachuru uye inopenya zvakapetwa nemazana mana kupfuura mwedzi wakazara unoonekwa kubva paNyika.
Kune mitsetse miviri chete inonzi geologic paDeimos. Voltaire, munyaya yake Micromegas, anotaura nezvemwedzi miviri yeMars. Ndicho chikonzero nei rimwe remakoronga eDeimos rinotora zita rake uye rimwe reSwift, nekuda kwehukama hwayo neMartian satellites, munhoroondo yake Gulliver's Travels.
Panguva iyo vatsvakurudzi ava vachataura pamusoro pemwedzi weMars, vakanga vasati vazvizivisa kana kuzviwana, Deimos aiva mwanakomana waAres naAphrodite, vamwari verudo nehondo.
Phobos
Yakati kurei kudarika Deimos uye kutenderera kwayo makiromita 6000 chete kubva pamusoro, hapana imwe satellite iri pedyo nepasi rayo sePhobos. Inotenderera kuMars kanenge katatu pazuva.
Mazana emakore ese Phobos anosvika kupasi mamita maviri, saka mumakore anosvika mamirioni makumi mashanu ichapesana neMars kana kuti ichaparadzwa uye zvikamu zvayo zvichagadzira mhete yakatenderedza pasi. Pachiso cherima chemwedzi uyu pane akawanda denderedzwa craters uye crater mhete.
Iyo Geological Lines yePhobos inotora zita rayo kubva munhoroondo dzaJonathan Swift muGulliver's Travels, uko dzimwe nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzinowana masatellite maviri paMars, kunze kweiyo yakazotevera Kepler Dorsum, yakatumidzwa mukukudza Johannes Kepler.
Muna 2014, maRussia akatumira probe inonzi Phobos-Grunt, kuti itore samples kubva pamusoro pePhobos. Zvichida kana mamwe mashoko akawanikwa maererano nemwedzi iyi yechienzi, achafanira kupiwa zita.
Mwedzi yeMars yakaumbwa sei?
Mars ine mwedzi miviri yakakosha, yakafanana neasteroid kupfuura mwedzi wePasi. chimiro chepasi. Phobos neDeimos zvakavamba makore angangoita mabhiriyoni mana apfuura, makore 4000 miriyoni mushure mekuumbwa kwesolar system, asi kuzvarwa kwavo kunoramba kuri kunetsa. F
Zvinoenderana nechazvino chinyorwa cheScience Advances, mwedzi miviri yakatanga kubva kumatombo eMartian akarambwa muchadenga mushure mekudhumhana nechimwe chinhu makore mabhiriyoni mana apfuura.
Parizvino, fungidziro mbiri nezvekuzvarwa kwemasatellite eMars (Phobos neDeimos), ine nzvimbo ye22 uye 12 makiromita zvichiteerana, inobatwa. Zvisinei, imwe chete yadzo yakabvumirwa.
Inochengetedzwa kuti ndeyechokwadi maasteroids, anobva kubhandi riri pakati peMars neJupiter, akamiswa nehukuru hwepasi dzvuku. Chitarisiko chepamusoro payo, chakafukidzwa nemakoronga anoratidza chiedza, chakafanana zvikuru neasteroids.
