ari Marine Biomes, pasina mubvunzo inzvimbo huru kwazvo yokugara iripo paPlaneti Pasi, ichiva utiziro hwezvipenyu zvisingaverengeki. Kushandisa 70% yepasi uye nekupa makumi mapfumbamwe muzana eiyo yakakosha mvura yekupihwa. Tsvaga pano zvese nezve ino inoshamisa yegungwa ecosystem.
Marine Biomes
Pakati pezvinyorwa zviripo muzvisikwa, izvo zviri pasi pevhu, marine biome uye biome yemvura yakachena. Yakatemerwa neWorld Wide Fund for Nature. Izvo zvinofanirwa, mabhaibheri emugungwa ndiwo anogara munzvimbo huru maererano nenzvimbo yakazara iyo Planet Earth inayo. Kumira kunze kwekuve nzvimbo yekugara yemarudzi akawanda uye pamwe chete nayo, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvezvakasiyana Hunhu hwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemapoka avo.
Mupfungwa iyi, marine biomes ndiyo imba inopa hupenyu, kuteerera uye kuremekedza chimiro che biotic zvinhu. Kurangarira kuti izvi zvinoumba maruva nemhuka dzakafara uye nekudyidzana kwadzo. Kubva ku plankton kusvika kumhuka huru dzinoyamwisa. Iko Zuva uye chiitiko charo ndicho chidimbu chakakosha chinopindira muchizvarwa chemunda wekudya. Zvisikwa zvinodei kuti zvirarame?
Zvose hudzamu huripo hwemvura dzayo uye tembiricha yainosangana nayo zvinoumba kuenzana nekuenderera mberi. Imo misiyano yayo yakakosha zvikonzero zvinopesvedzera nekukuvadza zvakanyanya hupenyu, kurarama kana kuvepo kweiyi yakakosha uye inodiwa biome.
Marine biomes inhengo dzeboka diki re zvipenyu zvemumvura, kutora huwandu hunomiririra 70% yenzvimbo yese yepasi. Iyo mvura yaro ine brash ine zvakasiyana-siyana uye yakaoma kunzwisisa ecosystem.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kubva kumarine biomes, vanhu vanowana yakakura chikamu chekudya kwavo. Yakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri, mavitamini uye zvicherwa. Zvakare nekupihwa kweiyo yakakosha mvura, inomiririra 90% yayo.
Zvisikwa zvePlanet Earth
Mabiomes aripo paPlanet Earth akatemerwa neWorld Wide Fund for Nature, iyo mumutauro weChirungu inoenderana neWorld Wide Fund for Nature. Iyo inoratidzwa sesangano risiri rehurumende yekuchengetedza kana sangano, ine hukuru hwekusvika pasi rose, iyo yakasvika pahwaro hwayo muna 1961.
Zviri pamutemo kuve nekuzivikanwa kwayo muUnited States of America neCanada, pasi pezita reWorld Wildlife Fund, inowanzozivikanwa se "WWF".
Mukushandiswa kwemaitiro, nekuremekedza zvakajairwa uye zvikamu, zvese kubva kunharaunda uye yemuviri munda, pamwe neiyo biotic uye yemamiriro ekunze. Ini ndinoronga uye ndinomisa zvinotevera, semhando dzakasiyana dzema biomes:
- Zvepasi: Ma<em>terrestrial biomes ndeaya anobatanidza zvirimwa nemhuka zvinoshanduka, zvinokura nekukura pamusoro penyika. Ndiko kuti, munzvimbo yepasi yesherufu yekondinendi. Kungava mumakomo, mugwenga, mumipata kana mapani.
- Marine: ari marine biomes, ndidzo dzinomiririra nharaunda dzezvinomera nemhuka. Iwo anoratidzirwa nekushanduka, kukura uye kukura panzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nemvura ine brackish, kureva, mumakungwa, makungwa kana makondinendi mahombe, makorari ematombo, pakati pevamwe.
- Mvura inotapira: Mvura yakachena biomes inharaunda dzezvirimwa nemhuka, izvo zvinozoshanduka, zvinokura uye kukura. Pamusoro pePlanet Earth, yakafukidzwa nemvura yakachena, tichifunga kuti idzi ndidzo nzizi, madziva, hova, manyoro, madziva, pakati pevamwe.
Vertical Zones dzeMarine Biomes
ari marine biomes, dzine mazoni matatu kana nzvimbo dzakasimukira dzemvura yadzo ine brackish, idzo dzinosiyaniswa nechiitiko icho mwaranzi yezuva inobata uye inosvika. Izvi zvinotevera:
- Euphotic: Euphotic zone kana nharaunda ndiyo inobata mwaranzi yezuva zvakananga uye zvizere, ichinyudzwa zvakanyanya. Izvi zviri muchikamu chepamusoro chemvura ine brackish.
- dysphotic: Iyo dysphotic zone kana nharaunda ndeimwe umo chiitiko chechiedza chezuva chinowanzo pinda nekukosha kusawirirana uye kushaya simba. Icho chikamu chemvura yakawanda iyo iri pasi pe euphotic zone.
- Aphotic: Iyo aphotic zone kana nharaunda ndiyo iri pazasi peiyo dysphotic zone, umo nekuda kwekudzika kwenzvimbo yayo. Chiitiko chechiedza chezuva hachipindi. Tine ipapo, budiriro inoreva huwandu hwehushoma hwekudya. Uyezve, inogadzira nzvimbo yakadzika yemvura yegungwa ine brackish.
Nzvimbo yeaya maBiomes
ari marine biomes vane hunhu uye kukosha kwekuve mumakungwa makuru mashanu. Kuve nekukwanisa kumisa mune imwe neimwe yadzo, iyo yakakura uye yakakwana kwazvo yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu. Makungwa ane rombo rekuve kumusha kune marine biomes ndeaya anotevera:
- Pacific
- Atlantic
- Arctic
- Icondico
- Antarctic (Southern Ocean)
Mamiriro ekunze eMarine Biomes
Nezvemamiriro ekunze, marine biomes Vane tembiricha inowanzoenderana ne4°C kana 39°F. Kuziva kuti kumapango kunotonhora, kudziya sezvo mhomho yemvura inosvika kuequator.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti marudzi ese emugungwa, mhuka nezvinomera, anokanganisa nekushanduka kana kushanduka kunoitika maererano nemamiriro ekunze uye kutarisana neZuva.Kuve zvakajairika kuti, sezvinoitika mumhepo yepasi, mhuka zhinji dzinochinja zvadzo. maitiro kana kutama pakati pezvipenyu zvemugungwa, kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza ashanduka kusvika padanho rekuti anoita kuti kukura kwawo kwamazuva ose kusagoneke.
Izvi zvinoitika nenzira imwechete kune yakaderera, sekudziya kwepamusoro. Nekuti madhiri acho akawandisa zvekuti anokonzera kufa kwezvirimwa nemhuka. Makorari anokanganiswa zvakanyanya zvekuti anowanzo rasikirwa neruvara, nenjodzi dzakawanda dzezvakatipoteredza.
Mhando dzeMarine Biomes
Mhando dzemarine biomes dzakagadzwa neWorld Wide Fund for Nature. Ronga ipapo, iyo inotevera kupatsanura kana marudzi emabiomes, ayo ari:
Coastal Marine Biomes
Rudzi urwu rwezvinyorwa zvemugungwa zviri munzvimbo dzemahombekombe epasi, kunyanya pakati penzvimbo dzepasi uye ndedzipi nzvimbo dzemvura. Kuve nekugona kubatanidza yakakura uye isingaenzaniswi Flora nemhuka zvemugungwa, padivi penyika.
Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekunyanya kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kana kuchinjana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti aya mabhaibheri emugungwa ndipo panowira kuita kwemhepo, pamwe nemafungu.
Chimwe chinhu chavanonyanya kukoshesa mhedzisiro yakaipa iyo vanhu vanokura nayo, inovakanganisa zvakanyanya. Kuve muenzaniso wakajairika, kusvibiswa kunogadzirwa netsvina iyo isina kutonga inokandwa kwese kwese, munzvimbo idzi.
Yakavhurika uye Yakadzika Sea Biomes
Rudzi urwu rwe marine biomes, inowanikwa mumvura dzose dzegungwa rePlanet Earth, kureva, Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian uye Antarctic oceans. Zvese zviri zviviri maruva ayo nemhuka zvakapfuma mukusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu, zvichiumba imwe yeakanyanya kukosha.
Asi zvakare inoperekedza anodiwa mamiriro kune yakakwana, pamwe neayo, shanduko, kukura uye kukura kweiyo yakafanana. Kuve nehanya zvakanyanya kune zviitiko zvinoshanduka kana shanduko mumunda wemamiriro ekunze anotarisana nazvo.
Oceanic Island Marine Biomes
Rudzi urwu rwemabiomes ndirwo rwuri muzvitsuwa zvese zvegungwa zviri muPlanet Earth, zvakapfuma mumhuka uye zvipenyu zvezvirimwa. Kusimbisa kuti ivo vanowanzogadzira hunhu hwavo maruva nemhuka inomiririra iyo, saka inoonekwa seyakasarudzika.
Muzvitsuwa zvegungwa, maitiro akafanana, mhindumupindu, kukura, uye budiriro hazviratidzike. Ivo zvakare vane rombo rekuve vakasiyana mumabiomes avo, ayo asingawanikwe kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Zvakajairika kuti mamiriro ekunze ayo ekunze anosarudzika zvachose.
Tropical Coral Marine Biomes
Rudzi urwu rwe marine biomes, ndeaya ane urombo ari pasi pekutyisidzirwa uye nenjodzi yekutsakatika kubva kuPlanethi Yepasi. Chero chigadzirwa chechiitiko chinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, pamwe nekuvapo kwe microplastics.
Microplastics ndeaya ese anouya kubva mukuparara kwemidziyo yakasiyana, mabhodhoro kana zvinhu zvechinhu ichi zvinokandwa mugungwa. Kusanganisirawo masaga asiri kushaikwa uye zvikamu zvemambure ehove. Kuve munyanza mushure mekusvika pakuora kunze kwekugadzira kufa kwezvipenyu zvemugungwa, kunokanganisawo makorari anopisa.
Kunofanira kucherekedzwa kuti iwaya rutivi rwomusha, utiziro, pamwe chete namanyuko anokosha ezviwanikwa nokuda kwamarudzi asingaverengeki emiti, mhuka, uye mimwe minda. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvigone kuenzana uye ecological seti yeiyo biome yese.
Hunhu hweMarine Biomes
Pakati pehukuru hunhu hwe marine biomes zvinotevera:
- Iine mukati menzvimbo yayo yakafara mvura ine brackish.
- Iine nzvimbo nhatu kana nzvimbo dzakatsanangurwa zvakadzika, izvo zvinoumba mhomho yayo yemvura, inoenda zvichienderana nechiitiko chavanogashira kubva mumwaranzi yeZuva.Idzi ndeidzi: euphotic, dysphotic uye aphotic. Kuve, iyo euphotic, iyo iyo par kunaka inogamuchira Zuva zvakananga. Dysphotic, inova iyo iri pazasi pe euphotic, yediki indence yezuva uye aphotic, iyo iyo iyo iyo mwaranzi yezuva isingasviki.
- Zvimera zvaro nemhuka zvakabatana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze, tembiricha, pamwe ne pH iri mumvura dzayo. Iyo yakabatana nemunyu waro, izvo zvese pamwe chete ndizvo zvinobvumira kushanduka kwakazara uye kwakasiyana, kukura uye kukura kwezvipenyu kuti zviitike. Zvakare kubatsirwa kubva kune yakanyatsokodzera chiyero chinofarira munhu wese.
- Iyo ine yakakura uye yakanyanya kupararira kugovera kwemaruva nemhuka, iyo inomira seyakakura muhuwandu paPlaneti Pasi.
Nzira dzekubatsira Marine Biomes
Nzira dzekubatsira marine biomes Izvo zvakawanda, uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Apo mumwe nomumwe, ane mutsauko wavanongobata vanhu chete. Nekuti ndidzo dzinokanganisa nharaunda yezvipenyu izvi zvemugungwa. Pakati pemafomu akatanhamara anowanikwa sekuziva kwakajairika, ndeaya anotevera:
- Kurudzirai kudzokororwa kwemarara.
- Kurudzirai makambani kuti adzivise kuredza kwemarudzi emugungwa zvisina tsarukano.
- Usakanda tsvina yepurasitiki mumakungwa. Izvo zvese zvinotanga nekutarisira mabhichi nenzvimbo dzawo. Nokuti sezvo nzvimbo idzi dzichipa zvizere upfumi hwadzo norunako, vanhu vanofanira kuripa kutenda kwavo nokuichengeta nokuidzivirira.
- Shandisa zvine hungwaru nzvimbo dzemugungwa paunenge uchifamba nechikepe, kayak, yacht, igwa kana chero imwe.
- Ratidza rutsigiro kune ese masangano anotsvaga kuchengetedza hupenyu hwemugungwa biomes, nekuti iwo anowedzera kune zvimwe.
- Kuparadzira ruzivo nezve kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pane zvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu zvemugungwa. Nekuti kana munhu wese akapa zvishoma, musiyano unonzwika.
- Edza kuderedza carbon dioxide emissions inosvika kune zvakatipoteredza, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa nguva dzose uye zvakasiyana-siyana Mhando dzekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvo zvatinazvo, sekuziva kwedu, kuti kupisa kwepasi kunobva mukusvibiswa kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nevanhu pane zvakatipoteredza. Zvinokonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iyo inokanganisa zvisingamisikike zvipenyu zvemugungwa.
- Usatenge zvinhu zvinogadzirwa zviri pachena nevamwe vemugungwa kana macoral reef, ayo anowanikwa kuburikidza nezvishongo zvepamusoro-soro kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha. Kuti chinhu chimwe chete chavanouya nacho kushatiswa kwezvipenyu zvemugungwa.
