Panguva yakakwirira yezana remakore rechiXNUMX humambo hweFrance. Marie Antoinette weAustria, Archduchess weAustria uye Queen Consort weFrance, aive mufananidzo wehumambo hweEurope.. Hupenyu hwake, hwairatidzwa neumbozha uye hupfumi, hwakarukwa munhoroondo ine bongozozo yaizoguma neChimurenga cheFrance uye nenjodzi yemhuri yake.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora hupenyu hwaMarie Antoinette uye kujekesa vana vake, avo vakagovana magumo ake mumakore emhirizhonga emhirizhonga. Dzidza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvazvo Marie Antoinette weAustria nevana vake: kuguma kwemambokadzi muFrench Revolution.
Marie Antoinette weAustria: mambokadzi wekune dzimwe nyika mudare reFrance
Akazvarwa musi wa2 Mbudzi 1755 muVienna, Marie Antoinette Josepha Johanna weHabsburg-Lorraine, anongozivikanwa saMarie Antoinette, aive mwanasikana waMambo Francis I naEmpress Maria Theresa wekuAustria. Pazera remakore gumi nemana, akaroora Dauphin Louis Auguste, akazova Louis XVI weFrance. Muchato uyu wakasimbisa mubatanidzwa pakati peAustria neFrance, maviri emasimba makuru eEurope panguva iyoyo.
Marie Antoinette akazviwana ari kune imwe nyika kune chizvarwa chake Vienna paakasvika mudare reFrance rakanyanyisa muna 1770. Hudiki hwake uye kusajairana nezvematongerwo enyika uye kurongerana kwematare zvakamusiya ari munjodzi yekunetsana uye kukwikwidzana kwaizoitika mumakore aizouya. Mambokadzi wechidiki Nenguva isipi akawana kusavimbwa kwevanhu veFrance nekuda kwekuda kwake fashoni, frivolity, uye kusava nehanya kwake kuri pachena kumatambudziko ehupfumi hwenyika. Mutsara wake unozivikanwa, "Kana vasina chingwa, ngavadye makeke", achinzi akaitwa zvisakarurama, zvakava chiratidzo chokusava nehanya kwake nenhamo yevanhu.
Vana vaMarie Antoinette: vagari venhaka kuhumambo huri kuderera
Marie Antoinette naLouis XVI vaiva nevana vana munguva yewanano yavo:
- MarÃa Teresa Carlota (1778-1851): mwanasikana wekutanga waMarie Antoinette naLouis XVI, akaberekerwa muVersailles, akatumidzwa zita raambuya vake amai vaamai, Maria Theresa wekuAustria. Pasinei nekuchinja kukuru kwaizoitwa nemhuri yake, Maria Theresa Carlota akapukunyuka Revolution yeFrance uye akararama kusvika pakukura. Akaroora mukoma wake, Louis Antonio, Duke weAngoulême, uye aizivikanwa seDuchess yeAngoulême.
- Luis José (1781-1789): Marie Antoinette uye mwanakomana wedangwe waLouis XVI, Louis Joseph, aive nezita rekuti Dauphin wekuFrance. Zvinosuruvarisa, akafa pazera remakore masere nekuda kwechirwere chetachiona chemuzongoza. Rufu rwake rwakarwadza vabereki vake uye neramangwana rehumambo hweFrance.
- Luis Carlos (1785-1795): Akazvarwa muna 1785, Louis Charles aive mwanakomana wechipiri waMarie Antoinette naLouis XVI. Aizivikanwa saLouis XVII mushure mekufa kwemukoma wake mukuru, akaiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma munguva yeChimurenga cheFrance. Mushure mekuurayiwa kwevabereki vake muna 1793, Luis Carlos akaiswa mujeri uye aigara mumamiriro ezvinhu akashata. Akafira mujeri pazera remakore gumi, zvichiratidza kupera kwebazi rakananga reBourbons muFrance.
- Sofia Beatriz (1786-1787): Mwanasikana wegotwe waMarie Antoinette naLouis XVI, Sofia Beatriz, akaberekwa muna 1786 uye akafa achiri mucheche, asati asvika gore rimwe chete.
Chirevo chenhoroondo: Revolution yeFrance uye kupera kweEra
Hupenyu hwaMarie Antoinette nemhuri yake hwakaitika munhoroondo yakazara nezvematongerwo enyika, zvemagariro, uye zvehupfumi. Sezvo zana ramakore rechi 18 richifambira mberi, France yakazviwana yanyura mudambudziko remari nekuda kwekusafambiswa zvakanaka kwezviwanikwa zvayo uye rutsigiro rwemari kuhondo dzemuNorth America, dzakaita seAmerican Revolutionary War. Humambo hwakakwana hwakatarisana nekusagutsikana kuri kuwedzera pakati pehuwandu hwevanhu, hwakatambura nekuwedzera kusaenzana kwehupfumi nemagariro.
Upenyu hwemaoresa hwaiitwa mudare, hwairatidzwa nedzimba dzemaoresa, mapati emhando yepamusoro uye mari inodhura, hwakawedzera fungidziro yekuti humambo hwakabviswa munhamo dzevanhu. Zvinetso zveupfumi nekusaenzana kwemagariro zvakakonzera kuti pave nekusagutsikana kwakakurumbira.
Chimurenga cheFrance chakatanga muna 1789, apo vagari vemo vakavhozhokera Bastille ndokupandukira umambo hwakakwana. Sezvo Revolution yakafambira mberi, Marie Antoinette naLouis XVI vakasungwa uye vakapomerwa mhosva yekupandukira. Mhuri yehumambo yakasungwa ikaendeswa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuvharirwa.
Muna 1793, Marie Antoinette akaedzwa uye akatongerwa rufu ne guillotine. Kuurayiwa kwaLouis XVI kwakatevera nguva pfupi pashure pacho. Chimurenga chakavawo nemigumisiro yakakomba kuvana vavo. Louis Charles, akazove Dauphin mushure mekufa kwemukoma wake mukuru, akararama mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara uye akafira mujeri achiri mudiki.
Nhaka yaMarie Antoinette nevana vake
Marie Antoinette nemhuri yake vanomiririra chitsauko chinosiririsa munhoroondo yehumambo hweFrance uye Revolution yeFrance. Upenyu hwake hwomutambarakede uye hwemaoresa hwakafukidzwa nekudonha kwehumambo uye kuurayiwa kwake. Kusuruvara uye kutambura kwevana vavo, avo vakafirwa nevabereki vavo uye vakatambura kushayiwa mutorongo, kunoratidza utsinye hwenguva idzodzo dzakaoma.
Mhedziso yevana vaMarie Antoinette chidzidzo chine simba pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekudzvinyirirwa, kusaenzana uye kusabatana pakati pehumambo nevanhu.. Hupenyu hwavo hupfupi, hune nhamo chiyeuchidzo chekuti nhoroondo inogona kutara sei magumo evanhu, kunyangwe avo vanozvarwa pakakwirira pesimba.
Nhasi, chimiro chaMarie Antoinette chinoramba chiri chinhu chinonakidza uye nharo. Vamwe vanomuona somunhu akabatwa nemamiriro ezvinhu, nepo vamwe vachimutsoropodza nokuda kwokusakendenga kwake kuri pachena kunhamo yavanhu veFrance.. Pakupedzisira, upenyu hwake nehwevana vake hunoramba huri chiyeuchidzo chechinjo huru dzezvematongerwe enyika nedzenzanga dzakazunungusa France nenyika muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uye kuti mambokadzi wokune imwe nyika akazviwana sei akabatwa munyongano yeChimurenga cheFrance. . Nyaya inoguma nenhamo yaMarie Antoinette wekuAustria nevana vake: kuguma kwamambokadzi muFrench Revolution.
