Kune huwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu papasi pano zvinopa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaruva nemhuka pasi rose, pamusoro pekupa nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzakapfuma muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvechisikigo, pakati payo pane mangrove, inova ivhu nemvura ine mvura. runako rwakasiyana-siyana, maruva emiti yemimango inoratidzirwawo, iyo inongoonekwa mumhando iyi ye ecosystem, munyaya inotevera maitiro anokosha ezvinomera ayo achazivikanwa.
Mangrove Flora
Nyika yepasi inoumbwa nematunhu akasiyana-siyana ane hunhu hwakasiyana-siyana hunoasiyanisa pakati pawo, zvichiratidza muchiitiko ichi nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinenge dzine rudzi rwakati rwe ecosystem inozivikanwa semangrove, iyi ine hugaro hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana; Inowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzemahombekombe uye dzine hunyoro, saka ine zvikamu zvemvura uye zvepasi. Mikoko ine miti inoda mvura yakawanda kuti isimukire, inowanikwa munzizi nemumadziva, uye nyaya yekuti kune matunhu mashoma ane mhando yezvipenyu izvi inobuda pachena.
Ndiyo imwe yezvipenyu zviri munjodzi yekutsakatika pasi rose, zvinoonekwa nekutetereka, ndosaka ongororo dzakaitwa kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo iyi. Kukosha kwerudzi urwu rwema biomes mune zvakasikwa yakakura kwazvo, inopa chiyero uye kugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza kupasi redu. Kumiririrwa kwenzvimbo dzinopisa dzeiyi ecosystem inopa mukana wekudzidza maitiro ezvakatipoteredza, iwo anowanikwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa, senge muIndonesia, Africa, South America, Central America, Asia neOceania, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze ane dunhu. , unogona kuwana zvinopfuura iyi mhando ye ecosystem.
Kune marudzi akasiyana emangrove, uye zvichienderana nekusarudzika kwawo ane maruva ane hunhu, chikamu ichi chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinokwezva zvikuru zveiyi ecosystem, kunaka kwezvakatipoteredza kwainopa munzvimbo dzinopisa kunobatsira kugara zvakanaka kwepasi, ndosaka ichitifarira.semunhu mupenyu. Nekuda kwemaruva emangrove, inobvumira imwe mhuka, sezvo inotora mukana wezvibatsiro izvi izvo zvinomera zvinopa chikafu chavo uye kuva nenzvimbo yekugara, nemamwe mazwi, vanosimbisa nzvimbo yavo yekugara; Iwe unogona kuona crustaceans nehove munzvimbo dzemahombekombe, idzo dzinotsvakwa zvakanyanya nevanhu nekuda kwekudya kwavo uye kubatsira mukutengesa uye hupfumi hwedunhu.
Munzvimbo dzine madhaka tinogona kuwana makarwe, mhungu, magora, shiri duku, mhungu, molluscs, pakati pezvimwe. Sezvo iyi ecosystem ine mamiriro akasarudzika, inobvumira mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka kugara munzvimbo idzi, senge mussels, herons, shumba dzegungwa, shiri, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, zvinokambaira, amphibians nemakonye epasi. Mhando yemiti uye maruva emiti yemiti inomiririra imwe yezvakanyanya kubereka zvipenyu, inoratidzira mangrove, iyo iyo zita rezvisikwa zvakagamuchirwa nokuda kwemuti uyu; inobvumira shiri kuti dziswedere pamatavi ayo kuti dzigadzire matendere adzo pasina dambudziko, izvi zvinotsanangura nhamba huru yezvipenyu zvinowanikwa munzvimbo idzi.
Hunhu hweMangrove
Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, saka maruva anogona kuwanikwa akasiyana uye chaiwo; Iyo ine kupikisa kwakanyanya kune yakanyanya kuwanda kwemunyu, ichipa ichi chinhu mukuumbwa kwayo kwe sodium chloride. Inochengetedza kudyidzana pakati penzvimbo yegungwa neyepasi, nenzira iyi unogona kuwana iyi chaiyo ecosystem. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemangrove, maruva anogona kusiyana, naizvozvo mangrove kazhinji anopa rudzi rumwe chete rwemhando, kutanga kune chena mangrove, kunewo kuvapo kwemukoko mutsvuku, grey mangrove, uye black mangrove; Unogona kuwana mhuri dzinopfuura makumi maviri dzemuti uyu pamwe nemhando dzemhando idzi, imwe neimwe ichiratidzira maruva chaiwo.
Inopa akasiyana masevhisi ezvakatipoteredza uye zvakare inotora chikamu mukuchengetedza zvese fauna uye maruva marudzi; Iyi ecosystem inoderedza kukukurwa kwevhu nekudzivirira kuti mashanga chaiwo asachengetedzwe pamahombekombe. Idzi nzvimbo dzinowanzova nemachakwi, saka dzine huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvipenyu zvinofarira zvese zvinomera zvadzo nemhuka dzinogara munzvimbo dzinopisa idzi.
Mangrove ndiwo tsime rekudya kune zvisikwa zvese zvipenyu, izvo zvavanogona kuwana kubva kumaruva avo kana mhuka, kune kunyange vanhu vakashandisa nzvimbo idzi mukutengesa, kuti vashandise hunhu hwavo hwese kuti vawane mari. Chimwe chehunhu hwayo hukuru ndeyekunhuhwirira chaiko kunogadzirwa munzvimbo dzinopisa, izvi imhaka yekuti inopa huwandu hushoma hweokisijeni kuvhu rinoumbwa nemunyu wakawanda.
Miti yemangrove inopindirana nenzvimbo idzi dzine madhaka, saka midzi yawo ndiyo nzira yaanoshandisa kupa oxygenation inoenderana nenzvimbo idzi, midzi iri kunze kutora oxygen kubva pamusoro, chikamu ichi chinopa maitiro ekuona kune ino ecosystem inopa a. runako rwechisikigo uye rwakasiyana. Kutenda kune zvinomera uye maruva emiti yemangrove kune marudzi anogara munzvimbo iyi, akadai seheron white uye brown pelican. MuAsia kondinendi inoonekwawo semhando ye ecological system, inzvimbo yechisikigo yekamba dziri mungozi yekutsakatika, sezvo dzichingogara mumangrove.
Zvimwe chetezvo zvinoitika nemhando dzezvinokambaira dziri muAsia kondinendi, kana iri ngwena inoda iyi ecosystem kuti irarame, nekuda kwehunhu hunounzwa nemaruva emu mangrove. Kugadzikana uko mangrove anopa kune zvakatipoteredza kunobvumira kuenzana mune ecological system umo mhuka nezvinomera zvinogara munzvimbo iyi yechisikigo.
Kukosha kweMangrove
Kukosha kwemaruva emangrove kunosanganisira maitiro ayo ezvakatipoteredza uye ezvakatipoteredza, inzvimbo yakasikwa ine mabasa akasiyana-siyana kuchengetedza nzvimbo yacho mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kune imwe neimwe yemarudzi anogara munzvimbo idzi. Nenzira iyi, chiyero chinotangwa pakati penzvimbo dzemumvura nenzvimbo dzepasi, dzinowanikwa zviwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kushandiswa kuvandudza hupenyu hwemunhu, zvese munzvimbo yemishonga uye muchikafu uye. kutengeserana..
Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwechisikigo hunobatsira kuchengetedza pasi, zvisinei iyi ecosystem ndeimwe yeasina kusimba, uye nekuda kwezviitiko zvevanhu iyi chiyero chechisikigo chakakuvadzwa, ichikanganisa marudzi ese anoenderana nenzvimbo iyi kuti ararame, pamwe chete. semabhenefiti ayo anogona kushandiswa kune ayo midziyo muzvinomera zvayo.
Mukukosha kwakaita mikoko, tinogona kuburitsa zvinhu zvese zvine zvisikwa zvine zvisikwa izvi, semarara ane boka remashizha emukoko ave kuda kusvava, aya ane maapplication akasiyana siyana sekupa kwechikafu chakasiyana chinovaka muviri. kufarira kukura kwezvirimwa.
Zvinoitawo kuti ivhu rive neoxygen kuburikidza neorganic matter, ndosaka zvichinzi zvinopa hupenyu kune iyi ecosystem nekuchengetedza kutenderera uye kuenzana kwayo. Iine simba rekuchengetedza sediment, iyo inobatsira kusimbisa ivhu nekuderedza kukukurwa kwayo. Nenzira imwe cheteyo, inosefa mvura kuitira kuti irege kuva nemarara kana kuti chinhu chipi nechipi chine chepfu chinogona kukanganisa makungwa nenzizi; Iyi ficha yakakosha mumangrove nekuti ingangoita yakasikwa nzira yekuchenesa iyo nharaunda inofanirwa kuchengetedza hunhu hwayo.
Kunyanya kukosha kwemangrove kupa kugadzikana mukufambiswa kwemvura kuburikidza nepasi, kuitira kuti ipe pfuma iyi inoenda kugungwa isina chinhu chinokuvadza gungwa. Mamwe mabasa eecosystem iyi ndeyekuti inoona nezvekuita nzira yekubvisa munyu mumvura inokwanisa kusvika kunzvimbo yepasi kuti itange nedhamu renzvimbo.
Iyi nzira inobvumira kuwanda kwemunyu uripo muzvinhu zvayo kuderedzwa kuitira kuti ushandiswe munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nevhu rine madhaka uye nemidzi yemiti yemangrove, iyo inoita zvose izvi nzira. izvo zvinopa maitiro aya mumvura. Miti yemangrove ine mabasa akawanda maererano nemaitiro e oxygenation yevhu, nenzira imwechete inopa kudzivirirwa kukuru kune nzvimbo dzegungwa, sezvo inoderedza kuputika kuripo mumvura pamwe nemhepo, saka inogona kushandiswa makemikari emhando yainayo muzvimiro zvayo.
Saizvozvowo, kune kudzivirirwa kukuru pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, mangroves ane basa rekuchengetedza jecha munharaunda yepasi, nenzira iyi kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza pakati pemhenderekedzo yegungwa uye nzvimbo dzepasi dzinogona kusimbiswa; Chimwe chakanakira mamiriro ekunze aya ndechekuti inoderedza kusanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nekukura kwekudziya kwepasi uye greenhouse effect.
Miti yemiti yemikoko inokwanisa kutora magasi ane muchetura kuti aashandure kuita marara anoendeswa pasi pevhu kuti aite maitiro echisikigo, nokudaro kudzivirira kukura kwegreenhouse effect. Zvisinei, kana magasi aya ane muchetura awanda, zvinomera zvinokanganiswa nekuti hazvigone kumira muhombe idzi, izvo zvinokanganisa kusefa.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, maruva emangrove anobatsira kune zviwanikwa zvinogona kuwanikwa munharaunda iyi, iyo inofarira nharaunda dziri munzvimbo imwe chete nenzvimbo yakasikwa iyi, vanogona kutora mukana wemabasa ayo ezvakatipoteredza pamwe nehunhu hwayo. uye zvinomera uye munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa. Inokwanisa kudzikamisa mamiriro ekunze edunhu iri, izvi imhaka yekuti inokwanisa kubata magreenhouse gases, ayo anoderedza kusanaya kwemvura, ichichengetedza nharaunda nehupfu hushoma hunogona kukanganisa nharaunda iyi yemarudzi akasiyana. nharaunda haina kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunoitwa nhasi.
Nekuda kwerunako urwu, kushanya kwakakurudzirwa, uko vanhu vanowana mukana wekushanyira nzvimbo idzi dzakakosha zvakanyanya munharaunda, ndosaka matunhu aramba achisangana neiyo ecosystem kuti iite inokwezva kwaunogona kuona nzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha munyika. Saka zvinogona kutaurwa kuti miti yemikoko yakakanganisa hupfumi hwedhorobha asi kwete muchikafu chete asi nemukurumbira wedunhu, izvi zvinopa humbowo hwemari inowanisa budiriro munyaya dzemari pamwe nemumabasa anogona kuitwa. kuitwa munzvimbo idzodzo.
Matambudziko Ezvakatipoteredza eMangrove
Miti yemiti yemangrove inokosha zvikuru kune zvakatipoteredza, asi yakave yakaratidzwawo kune matambudziko ose akagadzirwa nekufamba kwenguva, kunyanya nekuda kwezviito zvevanhu, avo vakakuvadza zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kushandura kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Nekuda kweizvi, iyi ecosystem yemangrove ndiyo inonyanya kutyisidzirwa, ichikonzera kurasikirwa mukuenzanisa kwezvisikwa pamwe chete nezviwanikwa izvo nzvimbo iyi inopa kune zvakatipoteredza. Kusvibiswa kwakawedzera nekuda kwemaindasitiri uye nekusatarisira zviito zvevanhu, vanorasa marara zvisinei nekuti izvi zvingave zvakaita sei panyika.
Kukosha kwemaruva emiti yemimango imhaka yekuti tourism yakasimudzirwa mudunhu iri, dambudziko nderekuti rave rakakura, ndokusaka nzvimbo iyi yapindwa nemarudzi akawanda, zvichikanganisa mararamiro adzo uye mararamiro. . Kana munhu achinge agara munzvimbo inonaya mvura iyi kuti atore mukana wekubatsirwa kweiyi ecosystem, anopinda muyero ye ecology, nekudaro achiparadza nharaunda.
Saizvozvowo, nekudziya kwepasi rose, inoburitsa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inokuvadza mararamiro ezvipenyu zvese zviri mu ecosystem, inokanganisa zvakananga maruva emiti yemangrove ayo anokonzera kutora magasi egreenhouse asi nekurasikirwa nemamiriro ekunze. zvinokanganisa kukura kwavo uye mabasa avo echisikigo.
Kuwanda kwepurasitiki kwakanganisa mangroves, ichi chigadzirwa cheindasitiri chinogadzirwa nepetroleum derivatives, saka kuparara kwayo kunononoka, kutora makore anopfuura 700 kushatisa zvikamu zvaro, nekuda kweizvi nzizi nemakungwa zvakasvibiswa nekuchinja kwavo. chimiro chechisikigo, chinogonawo kunyudza mhuka dzinogara munzvimbo idzi.
Zvakatoratidzwa kuti dzimwe mhando dzemhuka dzakadya purasitiki iyi uye dzakaiswa muchetura, zvichikonzera kufa kwavo nezvinhu zvine chepfu mumuviri wavo, izvi zvinogadzira mamwe matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza anosanganisira kuparara kwezvipenyu nemishonga yemakemikari inoburitsa zvinhu zvine muchetura zvinogadzirwa mune izvi. process. Sezvo kushanya kwange kuri kukuru, vanhu vazhinji vanoshanyira iyi ecosystem vakarasa marudzi akasiyana emarara ayo akanganisa mhuka uye maruva emikoko, nekuda kweizvi kusvibiswa kwevhu, mhepo uye makungwa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. .
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvakapihwa neiyi ecosystem kwakakuvadzawo kugadzikana kwayo, zvichiita kuti irasikirwe nechiyero chemhoteredzo yainayo pakati penzvimbo yegungwa nenzvimbo yepasi, iyo inosanganisira marudzi ese anogara munzvimbo ino inopisa, iyo zviremera Zvavanazvo. yakatemerwa mitemo nemirairo kudzivirira kumwe kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nemabasa akasiyana siyana eindasitiri nekutengeserana.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira:
Zvinokonzera uye Zvinokonzera Marara