Magirafu madiki madiki ane nyeredzi dzakawanda, dzimwe nguva dzinosvika mabhiriyoni mashoma, kusiyana ne "standard" kana "ordinary" galaxy, ine mabhiriyoni uye inogona kusvika mazana emabhiriyoni enyeredzi.
Mupfungwa iyi, kana pachinzvimbo chehuwandu hwenyeredzi huwandu hwadzo huchifungidzirwa, magirafu madiki anotangira pamaparsec mashoma kusvika ku10,000, kusiyana nemamwe ese, ayo anogona kusvika uye kutopfuura maparsec 100,000, zvinonakidza, handiti?
Hunhu hwema dwarf galaxies
Mamwe ehunhu hwema dwarf galaxies ndeaya:
1 Saizi
Magalaksi mazhinji haana mipendero yakajeka, saka nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzimwe nguva dzinoratidza huwandu hwegalaksi dzichishandisa "hafu- yechiedza radius " yadzo, iyo inosanganisira nzvimbo yakajeka yegalaksi uye inomiririra hafu yemwaranzi yayo yese. Semuenzaniso, galaksi diki Crater 2 ine hafu-yechiedza radius ye7.000 light-years, iyo, kana ikaonekwa, inomiririra nzvimbo yakakura kaviri pane mwedzi wakazara. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvezvinhu izvi, unogona kutarisa chinyorwa pamusoro pemhando dzegalaksi.
Kune rumwe rutivi, masayendisiti anotaura kuti Crater 2 ingave isipo nekuti yakaongororwa pedyo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura: globular cluster Crater, pamwe nekuvapo kwemapoka matatu emagirafu madiki muLeo. Ose aya anogona kunge ari chikamu cheboka remapoka emagirafu madiki ari kufamba akananga kuMilky Way.
2. Dwarf galaxy light
Josh Simon, nyanzvi yesainzi, anoti girafu iri rinoshamisa nekuti rakajeka kupfuura mamwe magirafu ese akawanikwa achitenderera Milky Way munguva pfupi yapfuura. Rinoburitsa chiedza chakapetwa ka160.000 kupfuura Zuva. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha kwekudzidza kuumbwa kwegirafu uye kushanduka-shanduka.
3. Dwarf galaxies ari muLocal Group
Pane imwe pfungwa, mukati meboka remagalaxy kwatinowanikwa, Local Group , kune magalaxy akawanda madiki anowanikwa. Mazhinji anowanzo tenderera mamwe magalaxy makuru, uye nekudaro anonzi magalaxy esatellite. Nekuda kweizvi, magalaxy esatellite eAndromeda Galaxy anogona kunzi Andromeda I, II, III, zvichingodaro. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, tinokurudzira kuverenga nezvekuumbwa kwemagalaxy nekushanduka-shanduka.
4. Kusikwa kwemapoka enyeredzi maduku
Dzidziso dziripo pari zvino dzinoti magirafu, kusanganisira magirafu madiki, anoumbwa nekuungana pamwe chete nezvinhu zverima, kana zvakafanana nesimbi dzine gasi. Zvisinei, NASA yakaratidza magirafu akati wandei ane simbi shoma. Magirafu aya aive muLeo ring, gore remuchadenga riri pakati pemagirafu maviri ane simba ari pedyo nekusangana.
5. Makwara enzou anonzi Elliptical dwarf
Nemamiriyoni ezuva , magirafu enyeredzi madiki akakora zvishoma kupfuura mapoka enyeredzi. Anoumbwa nenyeredzi shoma, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakapenya zvikuru uye nokudaro dzakaoma kuona. Dzimwe hadzitomboonekwi pamachati uye dzinongobuda pachivande, kuburikidza nekuyera kushanduka-shanduka kwekubatana kwenyeredzi. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvehunhu hwemagirafu, ona chinyorwa pamusoro pemhando dzemagirafu.
Maitiro ekusiyanisa madhiri elliptical galaxies
Dambudziko renzvimbo rine mhedzisiro yakakura: tinokwanisa chete kusiyanisa magirafu madiki ari pedyo nesu . Izvi zvinopa pachena kuoma pakuedza kuongorora zvimwe zvinhu, zvakaita sekuwanda kwemagirafu madiki muCosmos uye mupiro wavo muhukuru hwayo. Zvisinei, tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwavo hushoma, huwandu hwakawanda hwemagirafu madiki hunodiwa kuti huve nemhedzisiro yakakura pahukuru hweUniverse, izvo zvinoita sezvisingaite.
Mhando dzakawanda dzema dwarf galaxies
Pakati pemapoka kana mhando dzemagalaxies madiki anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeaya:
Gwara renyeredzi diki rakaita denderedzwa, girafu diki risingawanzoonekwi, girafu diki reMagellanic, girafu diki rinotenderera, uye, zvechokwadi, girafu diki rine spheroidal. Mune imwe pfungwa, mimwe mienzaniso yemagirafu madiki anosanganisira: Carina Dwarf, Fornax Dwarf, Sculptor Dwarf, Pegasus Dwarf, Sextans Dwarf, Small Magellanic Cloud, NGC 1569, NGC 1705, Ursa Minor Dwarf, Leo I, Tucana Dwarf, Draco Dwarf, Sagittarius Irregular Dwarf, Zwicky I 18, UGC 5336, Sextans A, Sagittarius Elliptical Dwarf, Henize 2-10, pamwe nePhoenix Dwarf . Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvemarudzi aya, unogona kutarisa chinongedzo nezveMagellanic Cloud.
the dwarf nebulae
Kupatsanurwa kwakajairika kwemagalaxies, zvichienderana nechitarisiko chawo chekunzwa, kunowanzonzi Hubble classification . Imwe nzira yekuisa ma nebulae mumapoka yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwawo.
Uyezve, vaongorori vakagara vachifungidzira kuti huwandu hwemapombi emuchadenga hwaive hudiki kwazvo, sezvo mapoka ese enyeredzi akaonekwa airatidzika kunge ane mapombi akafanana . Kutaura zvazviri, chiyero chacho chakakura kupfuura izvozvo, asi zvaive zvakaoma kuziva.
Zvechokwadi, kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura, materesikopu edu aisakwanisa kuona kunyange magiraksi madiki uye ari pedyo zvakanyanya nekuti aive asina kusimba. Saizvozvowo, zvaisaita sekuti aikwanisa kuona magiraksi makuru, sezvo ari kure zvikuru, uye chiedza chawo chinooneka hachina kusimba zvakanyanya.
Zvichibva pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa, nekuvandudzwa kwenzira dzekuongorora, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakazopedzisira dzawana ma nebulae matsva akanga ambokundikana kuwana, nokudaro zvichiratidza nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yema nebula. Tava kuziva kuti kune zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kusimba.
Gara idzva renyeredzi renyeredzi redu
Chikwata chemasayendisiti chakawana girafu diki rinotenderera Milky Way rine saizi yakakura kupfuura dzimwe nyeredzi dzese dziri mugirafu. Rinogona kunge riri chikamu cheboka diki remagirafu ari kufamba akananga kune redu.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mapoka makuru enyeredzi akaita seMilky Way akagadzirwa kubva pakubatanidzwa kwemadiki, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Saizvozvowo, dzidziso dzinoratidza kuti mapoka ese emakorakisi anogona kukandwa pamwe chete panguva imwe chete mugomba guru. Mienzaniso yakanakisisa munharaunda yedu yepasi rose iMagellanic Clouds (magirakisi madiki), magirakisi maviri akajeka esatellite eMilky Way, anogona kutenderera pamwe chete.
Mune imwe pfungwa, kune ma nebulae angangoita makumi mana nemana anotenderera Milky Way. Chikuru pakukura kwayo iSagittarius Dwarf Nebula, yakaongororwa muna 1994; zvisinei, yakakura chete nekuti iri kutsemurwa nepakati nekuda kwekukweva kweMilky Way. Chinotevera pane rondedzero iyi iMagellanic Clouds.
Mhedziso nezve dwarf galaxies
Magalaksi madiki iboka rema nebulae madiki akaumbwa nemamiriyoni enyeredzi, nhamba diki kana tichienzanisa neMilky Way, iyo ine nyeredzi dziri pakati pe200 ne400 bhiriyoni.
Kune rumwe rutivi, pane imwe nzvimbo mudenga iyo masayendisiti anodana kuti Local Group, uko mamiriyoni ema nebulae anowanzo kuungana. Magalaxy madiki ndiwo mhando yema nebula inowanikwa ipapo , uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvinobatsira kune mamwe marudzi ese enyeredzi. Magalaxy madiki aya anowanzo tenderera pedyo nema nebulae makuru, akadai seAndromeda Galaxy, Milky Way, kana Triangulum Galaxy. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti galaxy yedu ine magalaxy madiki angangoita gumi nemana anoitenderera.
Pakupedzisira, rimwe remagirafu madiki akajairika iCrater 2. Garafu idzva iri harionekwe nemaziso, asi dzimwe nyeredzi dzaro dzinogona kuonekwa. Chikwata ichi chakakwanisa kuriwana muna Ndira 2016 chete, mushure mekushandisa komputa kutsvaga mapoka enyeredzi dzakasiyana nedzakajairika mudata rakaunganidzwa neongororo yeVST ATLAS muChile.
