Zviremwaremwa kazhinji zvikara zvinoyamwisa usiku zvine mapapiro. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiyo chete mhuka inoyamwisa inogona kubhururuka. Kune marudzi ezviremwaremwa uye mune ino chinyorwa tichadzidza nezvemumwe nemumwe wavo, maitiro avo uye kwezvakatipoteredza. Tinokukumbira kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga nezve maitiro ezviremwaremwa.
Hunhu hwezviremwaremwa
Mhuka idzi dzinoyera kubva pa3 kusvika pa6 cm, dzichikwanisa kuyera pakati pe5 kusvika 9 gr, izvi zvinoenderana nekuti imhando ipi yechiremwaremwa, sezvo paine mhando dzinogona kuyera 1,5m uye huremu 1,2 kg. Muviri wake une mvere, bvudzi rinomubatsira nekutonhora uye hunyoro, mavara ake anosiyana pakati peyero, tsvuku, grey uye dema.
Vanobhururuka vachitenda kune membrane inonzi patagium, iyi membrane itete uye inochinjika, inovhara kubva mumaoko avo kuenda kumakumbo avo, izvi zvinovabatsira kudzora kubhururuka kwavo nekunyatso. Vane claw yakakura kwazvo inovabatsira kukwira. Misoro yavo inowanzosiyana nemhando, iine dzimwe nzeve hombe uye kunyange zvimwe zvakasiyana zvimiro zvechiso zvichiita kuti Ultrasound ine simba uye ibudirire.
Habitat
Vanowanikwa pasi rose, kunze kwekutonhora kana nzvimbo dzepolar. Iwo anonyanya kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinodziya, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa. Musha wavo unowanzova makorokoza uye maburi mumadziro ane matombo, mumapako nemiti, mamwe anotogara muzvivako zvevanhu, kwete hazvo kuti asakara uye akasiiwa.
Kukwanisa kwadzo kubhururuka kwaita kuti dzikwanise kutamira kunzvimbo itsva, sezvo dzisingawanzofamba nzendo refu kudaro.
Zvokudya
Kudya kwavo kunosiyana nemarudzi, ivo vanowanzodya michero, mukume, nekita, mashizha, maruva, pamwe chete nezvipembenene, shiri, makonzo, matatya, zvinokambaira, vamwe vanofarira kudya ropa semubatsiri pakudya kwavo.
Zvimwe zviremwaremwa zvinonyanya kudya miriwo, unogona kuti zvingave 25%. Kune zviremwaremwa izvo kudya kwacho kunobva pane dzimwe mhuka chete, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, izvi zvinoenderana nemhando yega yega yechiremwaremwa.
Maitiro
Zvizhinji zvavanoita ndezveusiku, vanotora zuva kuti vazorore. Vanotaurirana nekukwenya, manzwi aya, kana aburitswa, ane zvinokonzeresa zvakavakomberedza, izvi zvinoita kuti chiremwaremwa chiteerere kune chiri pedyo nacho, nzira iyi inonzi echolocation.
Vakawanda vanodavira kuti unyanzvi uhwu hwakagadzirwa neupofu hwemhuka iyi, chaizvoizvo zviremwaremwa hazvisi mapofu, zvichienderana nerudzi rwavo, kuti maziso avo akanaka sei achasiyana. Kazhinji, ivo havana zvakanakisisa, asi vanogona kusiyanisa zvimwe zvinhu, asi hazvina kunyatsojeka uye ndezvekushanda kwakaderera, saka vanoshandisa echolocation zvakanyanya, inoshandiswawo kuvhima, kushamwaridzana, pakati pevamwe. .
Zviremwaremwa zvinowanzogara nezvimwe zviremwaremwa zvakawanda, zvinogadzira mapoka emirioni yezviremwaremwa, zvinotopfuura mamiriyoni makumi mana, izvi zvinovabatsirawo kuchengetedza kupisa kwemuviri wavo. Zvisinei, kune mamwe marudzi anofarira kusvetuka kambani uye kugara ari oga akazara.
Kuberekerwa
Kubereka kuchaenderana nerudzi. Kumuka kwake pabonde kunoonekwa pamwedzi gumi nemiviri. Kune zviremwaremwa zvine barika zvinochengeta madzimai avo, mamwe marudzi ezviremwaremwa ane murume mumwe chete, murume achiuya kuzova nehadzi nembeu yake, zvichibatsira pakudya kwavo muhuduku hwavo, mwaka wekuberekesa wenhamba huru yezviremwaremwa kazhinji kazhinji. nemwaka, vamwe vanogona kuzviita chero nguva yegore, vamwe vanosarudza kuzviita vasati varara.
Kune dzimwe hadzi, kubata pamuviri kunogona kuita mazuva makumi mana, kumwe mwedzi gumi, zvinhu zvose zvinosiyana pakudyisa uye tembiricha, zvimwe zviremwaremwa zvinobereka mwana mumwe pagore, dzimwe nguva maviri, uye zvimwe zviremwaremwa zvinobereka vana 40 kusvika 10. Mapatya emhuka iyi zvinoreva kudya kwakanaka uye kutarisirwa.
Ecological impact
Kutenda kune zviremwaremwa, kune hutungamiri hwakanaka hwezvipembenene uye zvipembenene. Vanovabatsira kuti vasapfuure nhamba huru yavaigona kuva. Iwo mapollinator makuru, anobatsira mwero wezvinomera kuti ukure nekuparadzira mbeu munzvimbo dzakasiyana, miti yakawanda yetropical miti inokonzerwa navo uye vane mhuka iyi kuti irambe ichirarama uye ichizadza zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Mhando
Sezvatakambotaura munyaya ino yose, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezviremwaremwa. Tichatsanangura mamwe acho pazasi:
Chiremwaremwa chemuchero (Pteropus liyingstoni)
Inozivikanwa kumwe kunzi gava rinobhururuka. Kudya kwake kunobva pamichero. Zvichienderana nekupatsanurwa kwerudzi rwayo, saizi yaro inosiyana, inogona kusvika masendimita 150.
Chiremwaremwa chemuchero wekuEgipita (Rousettus aegyptiacus)
Muviri waro une mvere dzakaita seruvara rwebrown, ichireruka pamutsipa uye kusviba nechepasi. Ivo vari muAfrica neAsia, vanogara mumapako, muIndia, Cyprus nePakistan. Vanodya michero yakaita semaapricot nemapichisi.
Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis)
Rudzi rwemvere dzake igrey, dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wake dzakaita sedumbu rakatsvuka, uye mutumbi wake utema. Ivo vari pedyo zvikuru nemarudzi avo, vanogara mumapoka makuru ezviremwaremwa. Ivo vanowanikwa muNorth America. Inodya zvipembenene zvakaita sezvipfukuto, nhunzi nezvipembenene. Chiremwaremwa ichi chave kuda kupera nekuda kwekuparara kwaita imba yake.
Philippine Flying Fox (Acerodon jubatus)
Ivo vari mumasango anogara achipisa ePhilippines. Hunhu hwayo hukuru ndehwekuve mhando hombe iripo pakati pezviremwaremwa nenyika. Inodada nehukuru hwe 1,5 metres. Kudya kwake kunobva pamichero chete. Panguva ino iri munjodzi yekutsakatika nekuda kwehurombo hwemasikirwo enzvimbo yayo.
Kitti's Hog-nosed Bat (Craseonycteris Thonglongyai)
Inowanikwa kumadokero kweThailand uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweBurma, pakati pemarudzi ese ezviremwaremwa, iyi ndiyo idiki pane mamwe ese, inorema mamirimita makumi matatu nematatu uye inorema magiramu maviri chete. Musha wavo kazhinji mabheseni enzizi uye kunyanya mapako.
Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus solo)
Inoyera masendimita makumi maviri uye inokwanisa kuyera 20 magiramu. Kudya kwaro kunobva pakusveta ropa kubva kune dzimwe mhuka, hazviwanzotora zvinopfuura 30 milliliters. Ivo vari muChile, Argentina, Brazil neMexico.
Mhuka iyi kana ichidyisa inoita kucheka, iyo ikasarapwa (inova ndiyo nyaya yemhuka zhinji dzinoyamwisa) inokonzera hosha huru, mhuka iyi yakatokwanisa kuyamwa ropa revamwe vanhu.
Chiremwaremwa pasina mubvunzo imhuka inoyamwisa yakaisvonaka. Yakagadzira physiologies dzakasiyana zvichienderana nemhando dzayo, ichiita akati wandei aya kuti ave akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, zvese hunhu uye nemuviri, pane parizvino anopfuura 1000 marudzi ezviremwaremwa.
Mhuka inobatsira kune zvisikwa zvaamai, kubatsira mukumesa, mamwe emhando idzi ari munjodzi yekutsakatika, zvakakosha kuti tiremekedze nzvimbo yavo uye tivasiye vararame uye vaite basa ravo munyika.
Usabva usina kutanga waverenga zvinyorwa zvinotevera: