Uranus inyika yechinomwe inotenderera Zuva, haigone kuonekwa neziso rakashama, uye yakave nyika yekutanga kuwanikwa nekushandiswa kweteresikopu, muchinyorwa chino tinokudzidzisai zvese nezve Hunhu hwaUranus.
Uranus ine meteorology yakasarudzika uye inokatyamadza tichifunga kuti inofamba ichienda kure kure, uko kunosvika chiedza chidiki nekupisa kubva kuZuva, izvi zvinoita kuti Uranus itonhore zvakanyanya uye tembiricha yayo iri pazasi -200 madhigirii celsius, kubva Nenzira imwecheteyo. , izvo hazvidzivisi hupfumi hwakawanda hwezviitiko mumhepo yayo.
Axis yayo yekutenderera inenge iri mundege yekutenderera kwayo, nepo axis yemapuraneti inenge yakatarisana kana kuti yakanyungudika zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nendege iyi, uku kutenderera kweaxis yekutenderera kweUranus kunotungamira kune izvo matanda, anotonhora zvakanyanya. matunhu ari pa latitudes anoenderana nePasi nenyika dzinopisa uye danda rakanyura murima rinotokwanisa kudziya zvishoma pane danda riri kuZuva.
Hunhu hwepasi Uranus
Uranus ine hunhu hwayo, iyo equator yepasi yakarerekera zvakanyanya maererano nendege ye orbit, zvekuti kutenderera kwayo kunoratidzika, senge Planet venus, retrograde. Uranus ine masetellite anosvika makumi maviri uye kusiyana nemimwe miviri iri muSolar System ine mazita akatorwa kubva kungano dzechinyakare.
Pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha maficha e Uranus nyika Ndizvo zvinotevera:
- Uranus inozivikanwa senyika yechitatu pakukura kwezuva uye yechina pakukura maererano nehukuru.
- Ndiyo pasi inotonhora kupfuura dzimwe dzose musolar system ine tembiricha shoma ye -224°C.
- Avhareji radius yeUranus i25 ± 362 makiromita, kana 7 Earth radii.
- Nzvimbo yeUranus ndeye 8.1156 bhiriyoni mativi emakiromita.
- Avhareji density yeUranus i1.27 gramu pa cubic centimita.
- Kukwirisa nekuda kwegiravhiti paUranus i8.87 metres pasekondi yakapetwa kaviri (0.886 g).
- Voyager 2 yakawana imwe magineti paUranus inova 1/3 yeradius yepasi yakabviswa panzvimbo yayo yejometri uye yakarereka 59° maererano neaxis yekutenderera.
Mamwe maitiro emuviri
- Misa: 8.69 * 1025 kg (14 yakapetwa nehukuru hwePasi)
- Diameter paequator: 51118 km (4 nguva saizi yePasi)
- Diameter padanda: 49 km
- Shaft kurereka: 98°
- Tembiricha yezvikamu zvepamusoro: anenge -220 ° C
- Nguva yekuchinja yakatenderedza axis (zuva): 17 maawa 15 maminitsi
- Kureba kubva kuZuva (avhareji): 19 ae kana 2.87 bhiriyoni k
- Nguva yekuchinja kwakatenderedza Zuva mu orbit (gore): 84.5 makore
- Kutenderera kumhanya muorbit: 6.8 km / s
- Orbit eccentricity: e = 0.044
- Kurerekera kwekutenderera kune ecliptic: i = 0.773 °
- Yemahara kudonha kukwirisa: inenge 9 m/s²
- Satellites: kune 27 zvidimbu.
Maitiro
Zvinoenderana nekuona kwesetiraiti, ironstone core ine tembiricha inosvika 7000 K iripo mukati Uranus, asi hapana nzizi kana makungwa anocherechedzwa, kusavapo kwesimbi hydrogen kunoderedza kuwanda kwekupisa kunogadzirwa nepasi kusvika ku30%, kuitira kuti Uranus igamuchire 70% yesimba rinopisa reZuva.
Kuseri kwepakati, mhepo yakaoma kwazvo inotanga, nehupamhi hwemakiromita anenge 8, kemikari yemhepo yeUranus ndeyotevera:
- 83% yehydrogen (H2),
- 15% helium (Iye)
- 2% methane (CH4).
Methane, sehydrogen, inoshingairira kutora chikamu mukutorwa kwemwaranzi yezuva uye nekudaro kweiyo infrared uye tsvuku spectra, izvi zvinotsanangura bhuruu-girinhi ruvara rwepasi, mhepo dziri pakati pezvikamu, ichifamba nekumhanya kwe250m / hongu.
Uranus inyika yakasarudzika mune solar system, kurereka kweaxis yekutenderera kunenge madhigirii 98, izvo zvinoreva kuti nyika inenge izere nemarara kune rumwe rutivi, kujekesa, kana mapuraneti ese akafanana nechamupupuri chinotenderera, saka. Uranus yakafanana nebhora rebowling.
Nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro asina kujairika, shanduko yemasikati, husiku nemwaka papasi, enderera, kuisa zvinyoro, zvisina mwero, zvinosvika kuti kwemakore 42 rimwe danda riri murima, zuva rinopenya kune rimwe. , uye ipapo kuchinja, masayendisiti anotsanangura nzvimbo yechienzi yakadaro yepasi, kubonderana nomumwe mutumbi womudenga, kwakaitika mamiriyoni amakore apfuura.
Atmosphere
Uranus inoda nzvimbo yakagadzikana uye yakanyatsotsanangurwa mukati, zvisinei, chikamu chekunze chepasi chakakomberedzwa nemhute inokwanisa kunzwa kure kure inozivikanwa semhepo, nzvimbo yenzvimbo inogadzirwa kusvika kumakiromita mazana matatu, ine kuenzana kwekumanikidzwa kwe300 bars. uye tembiricha ye100 ° C.
Mhepo yaro inonyanyo sanganisira molecular hydrogen:
- Hélio
- Methane
- Amoniya
- Mvura
- Hydrogen sulfide
- zvakasiyana-siyana hydrocarbons
- Mvura yemvura
- Carbon monoxide
- Carbon dioxide
Zvichida nekuda kwekunze kwekunze senge guruva rinodonha uye comets.
Mhepo yaro inogona kukamurwa kuita zvidimbu zvitatu:
Troposphere: Pakati pehurefu hwe -300 kusvika 50 km, nekumanikidzwa kwe100 kusvika 0.1 bar, ndiyo yakaderera uye yakaomesesa chikamu chemhepo, tembiricha inodzikira nekukwirira.
Stratosphere: Inovhara nzvimbo dziri pakati pe50 ne4.000 km, nekumanikidza kuri pakati pe0.1 ne10. -10 bar, tembiricha inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekukwirira kwe53 K.
Thermosphere: Kuwedzera kubva ku4,000 km kusvika ku50,000 km, ndiyo yekunze kwekunze kwemhepo uye corona, ine tembiricha yakafanana inotenderera 800 kusvika 850 K.
orbit ye uranus
Uranus inotenderera Zuva paavhareji chinhambwe che 2.875 bhiriyoni km, kubva pa2.742 bhiriyoni km pa perihelion kusvika 3.000 bhiriyoni km paaphelion, imwe nzira yekuitarisa ingave yekuti inotenderera Zuva paavhareji chinhambwe che19.2184 AU, kanopfuura ka19 chinhambwe chiri pakati pePasi. uye Zuva.
Musiyano uripo pakati pehudiki hwayo uye kureba kureba kubva kuZuva 269.3 miriyoni km, inova yakanyanya kukwirisa chero ipi zvayo yemapuraneti ezuva, kunze kwePluto uye avhareji orbital kumhanya kwe6.8 km, Uranus ine orbital period yakaenzana ne 84.0205 Earth years, izvi zvinoreva kuti gore rimwe chete paUranus rinotora kusvika 30,688.5 Earth days.
Nekudaro, sezvo zvichitora Uranus maawa gumi nemanomwe maminitsi gumi nemana masekonzi makumi maviri nemana kutenderera kamwe paakisi yayo uye nekuda kwechinhambwe chayo chikuru kubva kuZuva, zuva rimwe rezuva paUranus rinenge rakafanana, izvi zvinoreva kuti gore rimwe paUranus rinotora 17 solar. mazuva eUranus uye saVenus, Uranus inotenderera ichienda kune rimwe divi rekutenderera kwayo kutenderera Zuva, chiitiko chinozivikanwa sekutenderera retrograde.
mwedzi uranus
Uranus ine mwedzi makumi maviri neminomwe inozivikanwa, pane kupihwa mazita ezvinyorwa kubva mungano dzechiGiriki kana dzechiRoma, mwedzi yayo mina yekutanga yakatumidzwa mazita emidzimu yemashiripiti mumabhuku echiRungu, akadai saWilliam Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" naAlexander Pope's "The Abduction of the Lock". ", kubva ipapo, vazivi venyeredzi vakaenderera mberi netsika iyi, vachidhirowa mazita emwedzi kubva mumabasa aShakespeare kana Pope.
William Lassell, musayendisiti anotungamira uye wekutanga kuona mwedzi mukutenderera kwakapoteredza Neptune, akazivisa mwedzi miviri inotevera yeUranus, Ariel naUmbriel, angangoita makore zana asati awana nyeredzi yeDutch-America Gerard Kuiper, awana Miranda mugore. 1948.
Mugore ra1986, Voyager 2 yakashanyira uranium system uye yakawana gumi yekuwedzera mwedzi, yese kubva pa26 kusvika ku154 km muhupamhi:
- Juliet
- Puck
- Cordelia
- Ofelia
- Bianca
- Desdemona
- Portia
- Rosalind
- Cressida
- Belinda
Mwedzi yose yaUranus yakagadzirwa nechando nedombo imwe neimwe yakakamurwa nepakati, zvichireva kuti vatsvakurudzi vanoshandisa Hubble uye nzvimbo dzekuongorora dzepasi dzakakura kusvika kumwedzi makumi maviri neminomwe yakasiyana uye inongova 12 kusvika 16 km mhiri. yakafara, dema muruvara uye anenge 4.8 bhiriyoni km kure.
Kuwedzera kumwedzi, Uranus inogona kunge iine muunganidzwa weTrojan asteroids, zvinhu zvinogovana kutenderera kwakafanana nepasi, munzvimbo yakakosha inozivikanwa seLagrange point, yekutanga yakawanikwa muna 2013, kunyangwe paine zvirevo zvekuti pfungwa yeLagrange. yepasi inenge isina kugadzikana kuti igamuchire miviri yakadaro.
kuongorora uranus
Uranus pakati pemapuraneti echinyakare ndiyo chete iri mundege yeequator inorerekera kundege yeorbit pakona ye98 degrees, saka nyika inotenderera ichitenderedza axis imwe sekunge yakarara padivi payo.
Nekuda kweizvi, Uranus inotarisana neZuva neimwe nzira kubva kudanda rekuchamhembe, ipapo kubva kumaodzanyemba, ipapo kubva kuequator, ipapo kubva pakati latitudes uye zvakare nguva yemasikati neusiku pairi inodarika zvakanyanya nguva yeaxial yekutenderera kwepasi, palatitude ye30. madhigirii, masikati neusiku makore gumi nemana, pa latitude 14 madhigirii - kwemakore 60, uye pamatanda - kwemakore 28.
Iyo nzira yekutenderera kwepasi inopesana negwara rekuchinja kwakatenderedza Zuva, ndiko kuti, zvakapesana, iyo theoretical modhi yechimiro cheUranus ndeiyi inotevera, iyo yepamusoro denga igasi-mvura yemvura, pazasi pane iyo. ice sheet, musanganiswa wemvura uye ammonia ice, uye kunyange zvakadzika, musimboti wedombo rakaoma.
Kufanana nemamwe mapuraneti makuru, mamiriro ekunze eUranus anonyanya kuve ehydrogen, helium uye methane, iyo pasi ine denderedzwa risinganzwisisike mhete system, ine zvidimbu zvine dhayamita yemamirimita akati wandei kusvika kumamita gumi.
Uranus yakakomberedzwa nehurongwa hwema satellite, ayo anotenderera anenge ese anopindirana neiyo equator ndege yepasi, masatellite eUranus haafambi mundege yavo. Orbit, sezvazvinoitika nemasatelliti emamwe mapuraneti ose, asi anenge akatarisana nawo, kusvika mugore ra1986, masatellite mashanu chete epasi aizivikanwa.
Kuongorora kweUranus kwakaoma nekuda kwekure kure, ruzivo rutsva nezvepasi uye satellite system yaro yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwana kupotsa kweAmerican space probe Voyager 2, yakaitwa muna Ndira 24, 1986, Voyager-2 yaive kutanga uye kusvika zvino ndiyo chete spacecraft yakakwanisa kuswedera pedyo sezvinobvira kuUranus.
Munguva yerwendo rweVoyager 2 kuenda kuUranus, masayendisiti nemainjiniya aifanira kugadzirisa akati wandei matambudziko ane chekuita nekushandisa midziyo yemuchiteshi, yaive yakakura zvakapetwa kaviri pane yaifungidzirwa kubva kune yekuraira.
Makomputa aripamhepo akagadziridzwa zvachose. Mumwe wavo akapihwa basa rekudzvanya masaini evhidhiyo kuderedza nguva yekufambisa kuNyika, kuti agamuchire isina simba zvakanyanya Voyager 2 redhiyo chiratidzo, akasiyana antenna kubva kune network yenhepfenyuro. inonzi array yekuvandudza simba ravo rekugamuchira.
The spacecraft yakayambuka orbit ye Uranus munzira yekubhururuka, ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro penyika rwakawanikwa mumaawa mashoma, nepo Voyager 2 yaive pedyo, ichibhururuka kure nemakiromita 81.5 zviuru kubva pamusoro pemakore.
Makamera akaiswa pachikuva chinotenderera aigara achiongorora pasi nemasetelliti, achitenderera otomatiki maererano nehurongwa hwakafanotemerwa Nekuda kwechinhambwe chikuru kubva kuZuva, Uranus inowana chiedza chezuva chishoma, saka ongororo yakaitwa isina kuratidzwa kwakadzikira. mifananidzo yepasi nemasatellite ayo.
Nokuda kwepfuti yakadaro, chiteshi chakatenderera nekamera nevhavha yakazaruka mushure mepasi, semugadziri anotungamira panorama yechinhu chinokurumidza kufamba.
10 chokwadi chinonakidza nezveUranus
Uranus yakazara nemashoko anonakidza uye anokatyamadza, kubva kumwedzi yayo yakawanda, kusvika kune yayo mhete system uye kuumbwa kwemhepo yayo yemvura, hezvino zvinhu gumi chete pamusoro peiyi gasi neaizi hofori.
- Ndiyo nyika inotonhora zvakanyanya: Cloud top tembiricha paavhareji yeUranus -197.2 degrees Celsius, asi inogona kudzika kusvika -226 degrees Celsius, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti, kusiyana nemamwe mapuraneti makuru ari muSolar System, Uranus inoburitsa kupisa kushoma kwainobvisa kubva kumhepo. Zuva.
Nepo mamwe mapuraneti makuru aine macores anopisa zvakanyanya, ayo anopenya infrared radiation, Uranus' musimboti wakatonhodzwa zvekuti hauchavheneke simba rakawanda.
- Orbit the Sun kumativi: Axial movement yeUranus ine madhigirii makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe, izvi zvinoreva kuti nyika iri kutenderera padivi payo, mapuraneti ese ane kufanana kwakafanana nekwepamusoro panguva iyo iri kutenderera zuva, asi Uranus ine zvimwe zvakafanana. kubhora rinomonereka nedenderedzwa patani uye ichi chimwe chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki paUranus.
- Mwaka unotora zuva refu: A starry day in Uranus Zvinotora maawa angangosvika gumi nemanomwe chete, asi kurereka kwaUranus kwakakwidza zvekuti danda rimwe kana rimwe rinowanzonongedza kuZuva.Izvi zvinoreva kuti zuva riri kuNorth pole yeUranus rinotora hafu yegore reuranium, 17 Earth years.
Saka dai waigona kumira padanda rekuchamhembe reUranus waiona Zuva richibuda mudenga richitenderera kwemakore makumi mana nemaviri, pakupera kwechirimo chakareba ichi zuva raizonyura pazasi pedenga, izvi zvaizoteverwa 42 makore erima, anozivikanwawo semwaka mumwe chete wechando paUranus.
- Yechipiri ine dense pasi: Neavhareji density ye1.27 g / cm 3Uranus ine yechipiri yakaderera density yepasi rese muSolar System, iyi yakaderera density ine inonakidza divi mhedzisiro.
- Ane zvindori: Uranus ndiyo yechipiri inoshamisa seti yemhete muSolar System, zvindori izvi zvinoumbwa neakanyanya kusviba zvimedu zvinokura muhukuru kubva kumamicrometer kusvika pachidimbu chemita, ndosaka zvisingaonekwe seizvo zve Planet Saturn.
- Uranus' atmosphere ine ice: Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza kuvepo kwemamwe "ices" mumhepo yeUranus, yechitatu inonyanya kufarisa mudziyo mumhepo yeUranus ndeye methane, inova iyo inotsanangura iyo aquamarine ruvara rweUranus.
- Iine mwedzi 27: Parizvino, vazivi venyeredzi vakatsigira kuvapo kwemasatelliti echisikigo 27, asi kazhinji kazhinji, iyi mwedzi miduku uye haina kurongeka.
- Yakanga iri nyika yekutanga kuwanikwa munguva yemazuva ano: Uranus ndiyo yaive nyika yekutanga kuratidzwa mushure mekusikwa kweteresikopu, yakatorwa kekutanga mugore ra1690 naJohn Flamsteed, aifunga kuti yaive nyeredzi muboka renyeredzi reTauri.
- Iwe unogona kuona Uranus neziso rakashama: Uranus yakaonekwa kakawanda munguva yakapfuura nevazivi venyeredzi vekare uye vemazuva ano, asi ichipiwa kupenya kwayo kwakaderera kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe mapuraneti, inowanzokanganiswa nenyeredzi.
- Yakashanyirwa kamwe chete: NASA's Voyager 2 yakaswedera pedyo neUranus muna Ndira 24, 1986, ichipfuura mukati me81,000 km kubva pamusoro pemakore eUranus, hapana chimwe chitundumuseremusere chakambotumirwa chakananga kuUranus uye parizvino hapana hurongwa hwekutumira pamwe.
