Wakambozvibvunza here kuti chii maitiro emagetsi ezuva? Muchinyorwa chino tine mhinduro yakaratidzwa yeiyi shanduko inonakidza. Tsvaga nesu hunhu hwezuva nemwaranzi, njodzi dzayo ndedzipi, mhedzisiro uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
Chii chinonzi radiation yezuva?
Mwaranzi yezuva inonzwisiswa sechitubu chine simba chinobuda kunze chete, icho chinobvawo kubva muchadenga chepasi mune zuva. Mwaranzi yambotaurwa inoumbwa nekuda kwemanyukireya fusion reaction ine hupenyu mukati mezuva. Iyi nyukireya mwaranzi ine basa rekugadzira mhando yemagetsi emagetsi anokwenenzverwa kugadzirwa mune wave frequency. Kuuya kuzopararira kuburikidza nekumhanya kwechiedza.
Mafungu, kune rumwe rutivi, anomiririra imwe yemhando dzakakosha dzekufambisa simba. Save inotaridzwa nekuwanda kwayo, kureba kwayo nekumhanya kwayo, kureba kwemasaisai nhambwe iri pakati pezvitubu, frequency ndiyo nhamba yemacrests anoitika pasekondi, uye kumhanya kwesave ndiko kumhanya kwefungu rimwechete. .crest.
Chii chinonzi radiation?
Radiation inotsanangurwa sekufambiswa kwesimba rinoburitswa kuburikidza nerimwe kana kupfuura masaisai emagetsi. Izvi zvinogadzirwa kubva kurudzi rwechitubu chinopa mwaranzi inoburitswa yakananga kune dzimwe nzira dzakanangwa muzvikamu zvakawanda.
Mafungu, kune rumwe rutivi, ane simba uye nzvimbo yekuyambuka uye kupfuura nzvimbo yepuraneti, inopinda pasi. Masaisai ese anokwanisa kufamba nemunhanho inosvika zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nezvipfumbamwe zvemakiromita nemazana manomwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nembiri. Zvose kureba uye kuwanda kunoratidza wave zviri chaizvo transcendental kuitira kuraira zvinotevera zvinosiyana:
- Simba
- Kupinda
- Kuonekwa
- Uye simba
Solar constant
Ichi chinhu chinoreva huwandu hwesimba rezuva rinoburitswa rakananga kupasi. Simba iroro rinogona kuyerwa nezvikamu zvenguva nepamusoro. Iyi nzira inoitwa nechimiro chepamusoro chemhepo mundege yakajairika yakatwasuka kumwaranzi inobva kunyeredzi yedu.
Mhando dzezuva nemwaranzi
Mwaranzi yezuva inoratidzirwa neine 3 anozivikanwa marudzi kana masitaera emwaranzi, achifunga nezveawo maitiro nemhedzisiro, sezvo imwe neimwe yeiyi ine akasiyana kuratidzwa kwesimba. Izvi zvinorongwa sezvinotevera:
- Marara anopa, anofambisa uye anopa kupisa. (Infrared)
- Maranzi anoburitsa uye anoburitsa chiedza (anoonekwa)
- Ultraviolet mwaranzi
Aya ndiwo marudzi matatu emwaranzi yatinowanzo ziva zviri nyore, zvisinei, mwaranzi yeultraviolet inowanzopatsanurwa mune mamwe mapoka atichataura nekukasika, aya ndeaya:
- Iwo maranzi anokwanisa kupinda mumhepo yedu yepasi zviri nyore, aya anonzi; UV mwaranzi.
- Mwaranzi iyoyo, kusiyana neyakapfuura, inopa matambudziko makuru kuti ipinde mumhepo yedu. Aya anonzi UVB
Iri kirasi yemwaranzi yeultraviolet inowanzoonekwa nekirasi pfupi yemafungu, ndosaka isingakwanise kupinda mumhepo sezvo ozone layer ichiita kuatora nekukurumidza.
Hunhu hwemwaranzi yezuva
Mwaranzi yezuva inogovaniswa pamusoro pehupamhi hwetambo isingawanzo kuwanikwa mune imwe frequency, ine ruvara rwegirinhi, iyo yakanyanya kunaka yemwaranzi inonangana muchiedza chinooneka kunze kwemhepo.
Chiedza chinooneka chinoumba chikamu chidiki che Electromagnetic chakarondedzera, izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kuvanhu, uye zvakasikwa, zvakakoshawo kune zvakasikwa. Iyi ingori imwe yemhando dzakawanda dzemagetsi emagetsi.
Muviri wemunhu, asi kwete ziso remunhu, unogona kuona mamwe marudzi emagetsi emagetsi. Somuenzaniso, patinosvasvavirira kune chimwe chinhu chinopisa, mwaranzi ye<em>infrared inotakura simba rechinhu chacho muruoko rwedu. Saka kunzwa kwekupisa ndiko kuona kwemwaranzi ye infrared kunze kweradius inooneka.
Kana isu tiri muzuva kwenguva yakareba tinorohwa nezuva, chikonzero chekusagadzikana kwedu ndeye ultraviolet mwaranzi. Nenzira iyi tinogona kusimbisa kuti muviri wedu unoonawo mwaranzi yeUV. Pane mahwindo maviri chete emagetsi emagetsi, chiedza chinooneka uye masaisai eredhiyo. Mamwe marudzi ese emwaranzi anotorwa, yakazara kana kuti chikamu, nemhepo.
Iyo photosynthetic mwaranzi inoshanduka kubva pamazana mana kusvika kumazana manomwe eNM. Huwandu uhu hwakaenzana nemwaranzi inooneka, inoturikirwa se40% yemwaranzi yakajairwa. Mukati meiyo radiation pane kupatsanurwa kwatichaona pazasi:
- Orange red kuverenga kubva mazana mashanu nemakumi mapfumbamwe kusvika mazana manomwe nm
- Green mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe kusvika mazana mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nm
- Yero inoenda kubva pamazana mashanu nemakumi matanhatu kusvika mazana mashanu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nm
- Bhuruu-violet rinobva pamazana mana kusvika mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nm
- Sezvo ichipfuura nepakati penyika yePasi, mwaranzi yezuva inopinda:
- Kufungisisa
- Refraction
- Chinyowani
Nenzira iyi, imwe yemhando huru yemwaranzi yezuva ndeyokuti inofamba nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kuitira kuti ipinde uye ibudirire chinangwa chekusvika kune ndege yepasi.
mwaranzi chiyero
Zuva rega rega pasi rinorohwa nechando, kwemaminetsi angangoita gumi nemazana mana. Pamusoro peizvi, mhepo yemhepo ine basa rekusefa miranzi yezuva, ichibvumira kupfuura kwayo kusvika yaganhurira kupinda kwayo, izvo zvinokonzeresa zvinotevera:
- Inokwanisa kuparadzira mwaranzi nekuda kwekupararira pamwe nekuvapo kwemagasi aripo mairi uye nemakore ari chikamu chechimiro chayo chemakemikari. Tichifunga kuti ine 78% nitrogen, vhoriyamu ye21% okisijeni, mamwe magasi anoumbwa neAragon ine 0,9% kabhoni dhayokisaidhi ne0,03% uye huwandu hwakasiyana hwemvura. .
- Mimwe yemhedzisiro inogadzirwa yatinogona kutaura ndeye kunyura kunowira pakuwedzeredza kwetembiricha, zvisinei izvi kazhinji zvishoma zvishoma maererano nechiedza chinooneka, uyezve zvinonyatsojeka maererano nemwaranzi.
- Chikamu chikuru chemwaranzi inokwanisa kuyambuka uye kupinda mumhepo yePasi pasina mutsauko. Mwaranzi iyi inokwanisa kupinda zviri nyore uye zvinobudirira, inonzi net radiation. Nokudaro, simba rinowanikwa zvakakwana rinoenderana neanenge chikamu chechina chesimba rose rinokwanisa kubudiswa.
Nepo chikamu chepasi chemuchadenga chiri icho chatinopedzera inenge nguva yedu yese, inonzi troposphere, ine avhareji ukobvu hwemakiromita gumi nerimwe. Iyo inozadzisa basa rekutora miranzi yeUV, zvakare inotora mhute yemvura. Uku kuvhiya kwainoita, kugadzirisa kusefa UV maranzi, inomiririra chokwadi chakakosha kutenderera kwakakosha kwehupenyu.
Mwaranzi yezuva inokanganisa sei hutano?
Sekuziva kwedu, the maitiro emagetsi ezuva vanokwanisa kuburitsa zvakaipa panhengo inonzi ganda, revanhu. Tichifunga nezvekuti kuratidzwa kwezuva kwakasimba sei, uye kuti mafungu ezuva anoshandisa sei paganda. Heano mamwe ekukuvadzwa akakonzerwa:
- Iyo mwaranzi yeultraviolet mwaranzi mune zvakajairika inogona kutungamirira kugomarara paganda revanhu.
- Mamwe matambudziko anokonzerwa nemwaranzi yezuva kukanganiswa kwemaziso, sezvo kuratidzwa kwezuva kunogona kukonzera mamiriro makuru sekutadza kuona.
- Ganda ndiro nhengo inonyanya kukanganiswa, kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kune ultraviolet mwaranzi kunogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba, izvo zvinoshandura mune zvinotevera:
- Kutsvuka kweganda
- Nzvimbo dzakasviba
- Makwinya
Nekuda kwekudzivirirwa kweozone layer yedu, chikamu chikuru chemwaranzi yeultraviolet haigone kupinda pasi. Zvikasadaro, dai tisina dziviriro iyi yakakosha, kukuvadzwa nemhedzisiro yaizonyanya kuipa. Muchikamu chemishonga, sainzi yakakwanisa kushandisa kushandiswa kwemidziyo ine laser matanda kuitira kuti ishandise iyo yekubvisa uye kuporesa maronda. Nenzira iyi, inogonawo kushandiswa kurapa zvinotevera zvirwere:
- Psoriasis
- Vitiligo
- ganda nodules
Chii chakakosha chemwaranzi yezuva?
Pasinei nemhedzisiro yakasiyana yatakambotaura pamusoro pemhedzisiro yemwaranzi yezuva, zvinofanirwa kuratidza chinhu chakakosha nezvehupenyu uye hutano hwepasi rose. Pakati pezvinhu zvatakakwanisa kuratidza kukosha kwayo, tichataura zvinotevera:
- Solar energy inomiririra shanduko yakakosha: Simba rezuva ndiro simba guru uye, naizvozvo, injini inofambisa nharaunda yedu. Simba rezuva ratinogamuchira kuburikidza nemwaranzi yezuva rinokonzeresa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kune zvakakosha zvehupenyu se:
- Photosynthesis mumiti: Kuchengetedza kwekushisa kwepasi kunopindirana nehupenyu hwemhepo. Simba rezuva rinosvika pasi pano rakapetwa ka10.000 XNUMX pane simba rinoshandiswa nevanhu vese parizvino.
Kana kuvepo kwesimba rakataurwa harina kukwanisa kupinda zvakatenderedza pasi redu, mhedzisiro yacho yaizozivikanwa zvachose, nekuti isu tinofanirwa kufunga kuti kunyangwe mamwe maficha ayo anowanzo itwa kuburikidza nekukanganisa kwakaipa kunogadzirwa pamusoro pezvese muvanhu. , tinofanira kuyeuka kuti kuvapo kwavo pasi pano kune mwero wakakodzera zvikuru wekukosha.
Solar radiation ine mabhenefiti akanaka anofarira mamwe maitiro ehutano hwevanhu, pakati pawo tinogona kutaura:
- Vitamin D kukurudzira
- Inobatsira kutenderera kweropa
- Inobatsira kukurudzira chikamu cheuropi chinodzora mafungiro
Aya ndiwo mamwe mabhenefiti anounzwa nemwaranzi yezuva kumunhu, tisingataure zvimwe zvakanaka zvinokonzeresa izvo zvinogadzira pasi pano, zvichiwedzera maitiro ekurima, engineering, uye mune mamwe minda senge yekuvaka. Panguva imwecheteyo, inomiririra imwe nzvimbo yesimba maererano nekupisa mvura.
Pasina mubvunzo, mhedzisiro inopiwa nemwaranzi yezuva ndeyehungwaru uye yakasarudzika, iyo isingazivikanwe chete nemhedzisiro yayo pasi, asi inopawo zvimwe zviratidzo zvakanaka kune mamwe maitiro echisikigo evanhu. Naizvozvo, kudzidza kwake kunonakidza uye kwakakwana, nekuda kwevamwe masayendisiti anokosha zvikuru wenhau, saIsaac Newton, nhasi tinoziva zvimwe zvinoumba mwaranzi.